scholarly journals Effect of the age of the pupal holotissue on the nutritional quality of artificial diets for Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando L. Cônsoli ◽  
José R.P. Parra
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fetal Serum ◽  
Bovine Fetal Serum

The nutritional quality of artificial diets composed of pupal holotissues of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) (Lep.: Crambidae) from three different age classes (1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 days old) were tested for rearing Trichogramma galloi Zucchi and T. pretiosum Riley (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) in vitro. Pupal holotissues were added to egg yolk, bovine fetal serum, lactoalbumine hydrolysate and preservatives, and offered to the parasitoids into artificial eggs. The quality of these diets in supporting the development of both parasitoids was evaluated by assessing the acceptance and parasitism of the artificial host eggs, larval and pupal survival, size, parasitism capacity and longevity of the in vitro-reared females, and the presence of deformed adults. Diets composed of 5-6 d old pupal holotissues did not support the larval development of both parasitoids as well as reduced the acceptance and/or parasitism of artificial eggs by T. galloi and T. pretiosum. The factors affecting the nutritional quality of pupal holotissues collected from different developmental stages are discussed.

scholarly journals Use of Tannin-Containing Plants as Antimicrobials Influencing the Animal Health

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Mohammed M Dakheel ◽  
Afnan A Al-Mnaser ◽  
Jessica Quijada ◽  
Martin J Woodward ◽  
Caroline Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Subject

The antimicrobial effects of diverse tannin-containing plants, particularly condensed tannins (CTs) produced from various plants, are the subject of this study. CT components can be determined using CT-specific procedures such the HCl-Butanol Acetone assay, Thiolysis reaction, and HPLC/MS analysis. These methods indicate CT contents, including mean degree of polymerization, the procyanidins and prodelphinidins ratio (PC/PD%), the isomers of trans- and cis-, and CT concentration. Tannin-containing plants possess antibacterial action, which can be attributed to their protein linkage technique, and tannin-type variations, particularly CTs extract and their PC/PD%. The effects of CT components on the development of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been documented for their relative PC/PD%; this is regarded to be a key predictor of tannin characteristics in terms of antimicrobials. In conclusion, tannins, more specific CT compositions, have significant impacts on in vivo trials of animal productions and utilization of metabolites and fermentation in vitro experiments. These findings need further investigations to fully understand how CT-types act on animal feeding in terms of enhanced nutritional quality of animal diets, which may have implications for human and animal health.

effect of treating wheat straw with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide on the in Vitro dry matter digestibility

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Farm Scale

That alkali treatments can improve the nutritional quality of poor quality roughages has long been established (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). However, their effectiveness is limited by their potential hazards to the animals and mankind. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has recently emerged as a possible substitute (Gould, 1985) but its farm scale application is limited by the need for high amounts of chemicals and water. Lack of any information regarding its effectiveness over NaOH alone is another factor which requires further investigation. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the effectiveness of pH-regulated (11.5±0.2) H2O2 (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS, Avalon) under different laboratory conditions. The possibility of using CaO on its own or to regulate pH for AHP was also tested.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of kermes oak (<i>Quercus coccifera</i> L.) acorns as affected by altitude in a typical Mediterranean area

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos N. Roukos ◽  
Zoi M. Parissi ◽  
Apostolos P. Kyriazopoulos ◽  
Eleni M. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Quercus Coccifera ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Altitudinal Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kermes Oak

Abstract. The impact of altitudinal zone on the nutritional quality of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) acorns was assessed in Xirovouni Mountain shrublands in northwestern Greece. Whole acorns were collected during autumn 2011 from 15 sites located at three altitudinal zones (i.e. lower, middle, upper). Kermes oak acorn samples were manually separated into kernel and hull and analysed for chemical composition (crude protein, CP; neutral detergent fibre, NDF; acid detergent fibre, ADF; lignin), in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro NDF digestibility (IVNDFD), digestible energy (DE), and minerals (i.e. Ca, P, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu). Altitude had a negative correlation with CP, IVDMD, and IVNDFD and positively correlated to cell wall contents in both kernel and hull. Acorns growing under higher temperatures (at lower altitude) have more digestible cell wall compared to acorns growing under lower temperatures (at higher altitude) due to increased CP content and decreased cell wall content. It seems that environmental factors affect the nutritional value of acorns. Thus, goat farmers should take this into account when collecting acorns to feed their animals.

scholarly journals Microbial Quality of Liquid Feed for Pigs and Its Impact on the Porcine Gut Microbiome

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2983
Author(s):  
James T. Cullen ◽  
Peadar G. Lawlor ◽  
Paul Cormican ◽  
Gillian E. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Feed System ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
The Impact

There is evidence that spontaneous fermentation frequently occurs in liquid pig feed that is intended to be delivered as fresh liquid feed, often with a resultant deterioration in the microbial and nutritional quality of the feed, which can negatively affect pig health and growth. Strategies including controlled fermentation with microbial inoculants, pre-fermentation or soaking of the cereal fraction of the diet, enzyme supplementation and dietary acidification have been employed to inhibit pathogens and prevent deterioration of feed nutritional quality, with promising results obtained in many cases. This review evaluates the impact of these strategies on the microbial quality of liquid feed and discusses how they can be further improved. It also investigates if/how these strategies impact the pig gut microbiota and growth performance of liquid-fed pigs. Finally, we review liquid feed system sanitisation practices, which are highly variable from farm to farm and discuss the impact of these practices and whether they are beneficial or detrimental to liquid feed microbial quality. Overall, we provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on liquid feed for pigs, focusing on factors affecting microbial quality and strategies for its optimisation, as well as its impact on the pig gut microbiome.

THE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF DEHYDRATED BEEF, FISH AND BEANS

1958 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD R. ADACHI ◽  
LEONARD SHEFFNER ◽  
HARRY SPECTOR
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility

scholarly journals High Humidity and Age-Dependent Fruit Susceptibility Promote Development of Trichothecium Black Spot on Apple

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengbo Dai ◽  
Xiaofei Liang ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Mark L. Gleason ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Fruit Bagging

Fruit bagging is a widely used orchard practice in China. Trichothecium black spot (TBS) is a disease highly associated with the fruit bagging. In this study, we characterized in vitro factors affecting the causal agent, Trichothecium roseum, and TBS development and infection histology on field-bagged apple fruit in situ. Under in vitro conditions, conidial germination required exogenous nutrients, and the germination rate was significantly promoted by high humidity, a condition mimicking the bag microenvironment. Germ tubes penetrated fruit via natural openings including stomata, lenticels, and surface cracks. To determine the chronology of infection by T. roseum, ‘Fuji’ fruit were inoculated in the field at different developmental stages. The earliest infection occurred 60 days after full bloom (dafb), and disease incidence increased as fruit maturity advanced. At harvest time (165 dafb), lesions on more recently inoculated fruit (105 dafb, 150 dafb) were larger than lesions from fruit inoculated on earlier dates. Histological observation showed that infection of younger fruit elicited stronger host lignification responses restricting lesion development. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that high humidity in sealed bags and increased susceptibility associated with advancing fruit maturity are key factors promoting T. roseum infection and TBS symptom development on bagged apple fruit.

Development of banana-based weaning food mixes for infants and its nutritional quality evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pothiraj Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractBanana-based weaning food mixes were developed from the Nendran variety to study the nutritional quality of the mixes and feasibility of marketing on a commercial scale. Chemical composition viz., moisture, acid, pH, reducing and total sugars, protein and β-carotene of the developed banana-based weaning mixes were analysed. The trypsin inhibitor activity reduced during cooking, and the flatus compound could not be measured due to its very meagre gas production. The α-amylase activity and in vitro protein and carbohydrate digestibilities were also analysed. A feeding trial of the developed mixes was conducted in infants as a supplement to study the nutritional quality of the developed banana-based weaning food mixes. Results showed an increase in all the anthropometric measurements during the feeding period, and the developed mixes can be prepared on a commercial scale to prevent malnutrition and undernutrition during the rapid growing period of infants.

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