scholarly journals Electrical and microstructural properties of microwave sintered SnO2-based varistors

Cerâmica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (346) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Furtado ◽  
M. M. Oliveira ◽  
J. S. Vasconcelos ◽  
J. H. G. Rangel ◽  
E. Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Sample Holder ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Heating Chamber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven ◽  
Scanning Electron

An investigation was made of the microstructural and electrical properties of SnO2-based varistors microwave sintered at 1200 ºC, applying a heating rate of 120 ºC/min and treatment times of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. The system used in this study was (98.95-X) %SnO2.1.0%CoO.0.05%Cr2O3.X%Ta2O5, where X corresponds to 0.05 and 0.065 mol%. Sintering was carried out in a domestic microwave oven (2.45 GHz) fitted for lab use. Silicon carbide was placed in a refractory vessel to form a heating chamber surrounding the sample holder. The pellets were examined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, direct current measurements and impedance spectroscopy. The parameters of density, medium grain size, coefficient of nonlinearity, breakdown electrical field, leakage current, and height and width of the potential barrier were analyzed.

Microwave Synthesis of BaTiO3 from BaCO3 and TiO2

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 669-671
Author(s):  
Yan Yi Liu ◽  
Wei Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Batio3 Powder ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

BaTiO3 powder was synthesized from BaCO3 and TiO2 using a domestic microwave oven. The samples were synthesized under different temperatures with various holding times. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the phase compositions and morphologies of the result samples. The main phase obtained at 950°C was BaTiO3, and the intermediate phases Ba2TiO4 and Ba4TiO9 were also detected. The pure, well-crystallized BaTiO3 powder could be obtained at 1050°C within 10 minutes and the particle size ranged from 300~500nm. In comparison with conventional synthesis, faster speed and finer grains could be achieved through microwave heating.

scholarly journals Microstructural Analysis of Silica Fume Concrete with Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5845-5850
Author(s):  
B. Uzbas ◽  
A. C. Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical And Microstructural Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effects of using different ratios of silica fume on the mechanical and microstructural properties of hardened cement paste and concrete were investigated in this study. Portland cement was replaced with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% silica fume (SF) by weight. Microstructural properties of obtained samples were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis showed that the ratio of calcium hydroxide (CH), which is produced by hydration, decreases depending on the concrete age and the amount of silica fume. The SEM analysis showed that the use of silica fume decreases gaps and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) which is also a hydration production. Silica fume content of up to 15% improved the observed mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete. At the optimum value of 15%, improvement in the paste was observed due to the filler effect and the reaction between the silica fume and calcium hydroxide, leading to a reduction in calcium hydroxide in the concrete.

Thermal Expansion of Cu-Ga-Sn Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
V.A. Bykov ◽  
T.V. Kulikova ◽  
K.Yu. Shunyaev ◽  
A.B. Shubin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Linear Thermal Expansion ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tin Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The thermal and microstructural properties of five copper-gallium-tin alloys (Cu-Ga-Sn) and two important intermetallic compounds Cu3Sn and CuGa2 have been investigated by dilatometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction. The temperature dependence of thermal expansion and coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) were obtained.

scholarly journals Влияние углеродных нанотрубок на электрические и механические свойства хитозановых пленок

2022 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
А.М. Камалов ◽  
В.В Kодолова-Чухонцева ◽  
E.Н Дресвянина ◽  
T.П Масленникова ◽  
И.П Добровольская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using the methods of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, the structure of composite films based on chitosan and single-wall carbon tubes has been studied. It is shown that the introduction of carbon nanotubes leads to the ordering of the chitosan structure. Increase in concentration of nanotubes (from 0 to 3%) causes rise in the value of storage modulus from 3 to 4 GPa (DMA data), increase in electrical conductivity of samples (from 10-11 to 102 S/m), and some changes in their dielectric permittivity (from 5.5. to 26 at an electrical field frequency of 1kHz). Data on the ionic and electronic components of the conductivity of the composite film are presented.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Analyses of Dental Tissues from a Hibernator

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
M. L. Zimny ◽  
A. C. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Bone Minerals ◽  
Apical Tooth ◽  
Scanning Electron

During hibernation the ground squirrel is immobile, body temperature reduced and metabolism depressed. Hibernation has been shown to affect dental tissues varying degrees, although not much work has been done in this area. In limited studies, it has been shown that hibernation results in (1) mobilization of bone minerals; (2) deficient dentinogenesis and degeneration of alveolar bone; (3) presence of calculus and tears in the cementum; and (4) aggrevation of caries and pulpal and apical tooth abscesses. The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of hibernation on dental tissues employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and related x-ray analyses.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and x-ray analysis of microparticles and early hydration effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 692-693
Author(s):  
Yun Lu ◽  
David C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Chemical Wastes ◽  
Scanning Electron

High resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) were performed to investigate microparticles in blended cements and their hydration products containing sodium-rich chemical wastes. The physical appearance of powder particles and the morphological development at different hydration stages were characterized by using high resolution SEM Hitachi S-900 and by SEM S-800 with a EDX spectrometer. Microparticles were dispersed on the sample holder and glued by 1% palomino solution. Hydrated bulk samples were dehydrated by acetone and mounted on the holder by silver paste. Both fracture surfaces and flat cutting sections of hydrating samples were prepared and examined. Some specimens were coated with an 3 nm thick Au-Pd or Cr layer to provide good conducting surfaces. For high resolution SEM S-900 observations the accelerating voltage of electrons was 1-2 KeV to protect the electron charging. Microchemical analyses were carried out by S800/EDS equipped with a LINK detector of take-off angle =40°.

Defects of Platelet Function Recognized by X-Ray Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
M.G. Baldini ◽  
S. Morinaga ◽  
D. Minasian ◽  
R. Feder ◽  
D. Sayre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Scanning Electron

Contact X-ray imaging is presently developing as an important imaging technique in cell biology. Our recent studies on human platelets have demonstrated that the cytoskeleton of these cells contains photondense structures which can preferentially be imaged by soft X-ray imaging. Our present research has dealt with platelet activation, i.e., the complex phenomena which precede platelet appregation and are associated with profound changes in platelet cytoskeleton. Human platelets suspended in plasma were used. Whole cell mounts were fixed and dehydrated, then exposed to a stationary source of soft X-rays as previously described. Developed replicas and respective grids were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

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