Body composition and hypertension: a comparative study involving women from maroon communities and from the general population of Alagoas State, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the body composition and prevalence of hypertension in maroon women from the State of Alagoas and compared these variables with those of non-maroon women from the same state. METHODS: The data were collected from two cross-sectional surveys done in 2005 and 2008. The first study included a representative sample of mothers of children aged 0 to 5 years from the State of Alagoas, and the second study included all women aged 18 to 60 years living in maroon communities (n=39) in the same state. Data were collected during home interviews. The prevalence ratio and respective 95% confidence interval given by the Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance was used as the measure of association. RESULTS: The study assessed 1,631 maroon women and 1,098 non-maroon mothers. Maroon women had lower education level, more children, higher prevalence of hypertension and stunting, and higher age at menarche, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio. After adjustment for age, the following prevalences remained higher in maroon women: hypertension (PR=1.81; 95%CI: 1.49; 2.21), WC >80cm (PR=1.23 95%CI: 1.11; 1.37), WHtR >0.5 (PR=1.11; 95%CI: 1.02; 1.21), and WHR >0.85 (PR=1.64; 95%CI: 1.43; 1.88). CONCLUSION: Maroon women belong to lower socioeconomic classes than non-maroon women and are at greater risk of abdominal obesity and hypertension, characteristics that make them especially vulnerable to the morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases, justifying the preferential implementation of measures of care.

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Repeat Induced Abortion among Chinese Women Seeking Abortion: Two Cross Sectional Studies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4446

Author(s):

Longmei Tang ◽

Shangchun Wu ◽

Dianwu Liu ◽

Marleen Temmerman ◽

Wei-Hong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Negative Binomial ◽

Induced Abortion ◽

Education Level ◽

Married Women ◽

Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Induced Abortions ◽

Lower Education

Background: In China, there were about 9.76 million induced abortions in 2019, 50% of which were repeat abortions. Understanding the tendency of repeat induced abortion and identifying its related factors is needed to develop prevention strategies. Methods: Two hospital-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2005–2007 and 2013–2016 in 24 and 90 hospitals, respectively. The survey included women who sought an induced abortion within 12 weeks of pregnancy. The proportion of repeat induced abortions by adjusting the covariates through propensity score matching was compared between the two surveys, and the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was established to identify independent factors of repeat induced abortion. Results: Adjusting the age, occupation, education, marital status and number of children, the proportion of repeat induced abortions in the second survey was found to be low (60.28% vs. 11.11%), however the unadjusted proportion was high in the second survey (44.97% vs. 51.54%). The risk of repeat induced abortion was higher among married women and women with children [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.31 (0.20, 0.49) and 0.08 (0.05, 0.13)]; the risk among service industry staff was higher when compared with unemployed women [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.19 (0.07, 0.54)]; women with a lower education level were at a higher risk of a repeat induced abortion (ORadj < 1). Compared with women under the age of 20, women in other higher age groups had a higher frequency of repeat induced abortions (IRadj: 1.78, 2.55, 3.27, 4.01, and 3.93, separately); the frequency of women with lower education levels was higher than those with a university or higher education level (IRadj > 1); the repeat induced abortion frequency of married women was 0.93 (0.90, 0.98) when compared to the frequency of unmarried women, while the frequency of women with children was 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) of childless women; the induced abortion frequency of working women was about 60–95% with that of unemployed women. Conclusions: The repeat induced abortion proportion was lower than 10 years ago. Induced abortion seekers who were married, aged 20 to 30 years and with a lower education level were more likely to repeat induced abortions.

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Prevalence and factors associated with nutritional deviations in women in the pre-pregnancy phase in two municipalities of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1415-790x201400010005eng ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 45-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Daniele Marano ◽

Silvana Granado Nogueira da Gama ◽

Rosa Maria Soares Madeira Domingues ◽

Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

First Trimester ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The State ◽

The Body ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and potential factors associated with pre-pregnancy nutritional status of women. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between December 2007 and November 2008 with 1,535 women in the first trimester of pregnancy and randomly selected in health units of the Brazilian public health system (SUS) in the municipalities of Queimados and Petrópolis in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The diagnosis of nutritional deviations was based on the Body Mass Index, according to the classification of the Institute of Medicine, and the following categories were obtained: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity. In the statistical analysis, the multinomial logistic regression model was used and an odds ratio and confidence interval of 95% were estimated. RESULTS: The sample included women between 13 and 45 years. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 10, 18 and 11%, respectively. Women living in Queimados, adolescents, women who did not live with a partner and smokers had a higher proportion of low pre-pregnancy weight. There was an association between hypertension, overweight and obesity. Adolescents presented lower chance to overweight and obesity. Living in Queimados reduced the odds of overweight. CONCLUSION: The proportion of pre-pregnancy nutritional deviations was high, and recognizing factors that lead to them is very important for an early identification of women at nutritional risk, with view to interventions to reduce the adverse effects of malnutrition on maternal and child health.

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Prediction of the <i>in vivo</i> Body Composition of Pigs Based on Cross- Sectional Region Analysis of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scans

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-45-535-2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 535-545

Author(s):

A. D. Mitchell ◽

A. Scholz ◽

V. Pursel

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Body Fat ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Body Protein ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body ◽

Dxa Scans

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cross-sectional scan as an alternative to the total body DXA scan for predicting the body composition of pigs in vivo. A total of 212 pigs (56 to 138 kg live body weight) were scanned by DXA. The DXA scans were analyzed for percentage fat and lean in the total body and in 14 cross-sections (57.6 mm wide): 5 in the front leg/thoracic region, 4 in the abdominal region, and 5 in the back leg region. Regression analysis was used to compare total body and cross-sectional DXA results and chemical analysis of total body fat, protein and water. The relation (R2) between the percentage fat in individual slices and the percentage of total body fat measured by DXA ranged from 0.78 to 0.97 and by chemical analysis from 0.71 to 0.85, respectively. The relation between the percentage of lean in the individual slices and chemical analysis for percentage of total body protein and water ranged from 0.48 to 0.60 and 0.56 to 0.76, respectively. These results indicate that total body composition of the pig can be predicted (accurately) by performing a time-saving single-pass cross-sectional scan.

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Fitness and body composition profiling of elite junior South African rugby players

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2413-3108/2006/v18i2a242 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J Durandt ◽

S Du Toit ◽

J Borresen ◽

T Hew-Butler ◽

H Masimla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Age Groups ◽

Rugby Union ◽

The Body ◽

Upper Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sprinting Speed ◽

Rugby Players

Objective. The aim of this study was to describe the body composition, strength and speed characteristics of elite junior South African rugby players. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Field study. Subjects. Rugby players (16 and 18 years old, N = 174) selected for the South African Rugby Union National Green Squad. Outcome measures. Body composition, 10 m and 40 m speed, agility, 1RM bench press, underhand pull-ups, push-ups, multistage shuttle run. Results. The under-16 players were on average shorter (175.6 ± 5.7 v. 179.2 ± 6.7 cm), weighed less (76.5 ± 8.2 v. 84.8 ± 8.3 kg) had less upper body absolute strength (77.1 ± 11.8 kg v. 95.3 ± 16.7 kg) and muscular endurance (41 ± 12 v. 52 ± 15 push-ups) and aerobic fitness (87.1 ± 19.4 v. 93.5 ± 15.3 shuttles) than the under-18 players. There were no differences in body fat, sprinting speed (10 m and 40 m) or agility between the two age groups. There were differences between playing positions, with the props having the most body fat, strongest upper bodies, slowest sprinting speed, least agility and lowest aerobic capacity compared with players in the other positions. Conclusion. This study provides data for elite junior rugby players and can be used to monitor the progression of players after intervention while also assisting with talent identification for the different playing positions. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (2) 2006: pp. 38-45

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The nutrition transition in Mexico 1988–2016: the role of wealth in the social patterning of obesity by education

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018001167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 2394-2401 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Carolina Pérez-Ferrer ◽

Anne McMunn ◽

Paola Zaninotto ◽

Eric J Brunner

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Education Level ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Lower Education ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigates whether the reversal of the social gradient in obesity, defined as a cross-over to higher obesity prevalence among groups with lower education level, has occurred among men and women in urban and rural areas of Mexico.DesignCross-sectional series of nationally representative surveys (1988, 1999, 2006, 2012 and 2016). The association between education and obesity was investigated over the period 1988–2016. Effect modification of the education–obesity association by household wealth was tested.SettingMexico.SubjectsWomen (n 54 816) and men (n 20 589) aged 20–49 years.ResultsIn both urban and rural areas, the association between education and obesity in women varied by level of household wealth in the earlier surveys (1988, 1999 and 2006; interaction P<0·001). In urban areas in 1988, one level lower education was associated (prevalence ratio; 95 % CI) with 45 % higher obesity prevalence among the richest women (1·45; 1·24, 1·69), whereas among the poorest the same education difference was protective (0·84; 0·72, 0·99). In the latest surveys (2012, 2016), higher education was protective across all wealth groups. Among men, education level was not associated with obesity in urban areas; there was a direct association in rural areas. Wealth did not modify the association between education and obesity.ConclusionThe reversal of the educational gradient in obesity among women occurred once a threshold level of household wealth was reached. Among men, there was no evidence of a reversal of the gradient. Policies must not lose sight of the populations most vulnerable to the obesogenic environment.

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Association Between Body Composition with Pulmonary Function Tests

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112097/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hamidreza Pouragha ◽

Hosein Kazemi ◽

Gholamreza Pouryaghoub ◽

Ramin Mehrdad

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

The Other ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Why is bodyweight not a predictor of lung function, however, height, sex, race, and age are predictors of lung capacity and function. In this study, we want to investigate the association between body composition and pulmonary function. And as much as possible, answer the question of why bodyweight is not predictive of lung function.Method: This cross-sectional study was performed among 2967 employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) who participated in the TUMS Employees Cohort (TEC) study. The body composition of the participants was measured using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Anthropometric variables were also measured as a confounder. The pulmonary function of participants was assessed by a forced spirometry test.Results: The correlation of BIA values including fat-free mass and total body water with a pulmonary function such as FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 is higher than most anthropometric values such as weight, wrist circumference, and the waist to hip ratio. Also, in regression analysis, age and sex had an association with pulmonary function, but the weight did not show a significant relationship. On the other hand, fat-free mass and visceral fat were significantly associated with pulmonary function. One is direct and the other is inverse.Conclusion: The hypothesis that the results of this study created in the minds of the authors were that; The direct association of fat-free mass with pulmonary function may be ineffective by the inverse association of visceral fat with pulmonary function, leading to a lack of association between weight and pulmonary function.

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Multiple sclerosis management during the COVID-19 pandemic

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458520948231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 1163-1171 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Brandon P Moss ◽

Kedar R Mahajan ◽

Robert A Bermel ◽

Kelsey Hellisz ◽

Le H Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Healthcare Delivery ◽

Cleveland Clinic ◽

Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽

Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽

Disease Modifying Therapies ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Lower Education ◽

Rehabilitative Services

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be at higher risk for complications from the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic due to use of immunomodulatory disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and greater need for medical services. Objectives: To evaluate risk factors for COVID-19 susceptibility and describe the pandemic’s impact on healthcare delivery. Methods: Surveys sent to MS patients at Cleveland Clinic, Johns Hopkins, and Vall d’Hebron-Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya in April and May 2020 collected information about comorbidities, DMTs, exposures, COVID-19 testing/outcomes, health behaviors, and disruptions to MS care. Results: There were 3028/10,816 responders. Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases were more likely to have a known COVID-19 contact (odds ratio (OR): 4.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 18.54). In multivariable-adjusted models, people who were younger, had to work on site, had a lower education level, and resided in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas were less likely to follow social distancing guidelines. 4.4% reported changes to therapy plans, primarily delays in infusions, and 15.5% a disruption to rehabilitative services. Conclusion: Younger people with lower socioeconomic status required to work on site may be at higher exposure risk and are potential targets for educational intervention and work restrictions to limit exposure. Providers should be mindful of potential infusion delays and MS care disruption.

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Medicine package inserts from the users’ perspective: are they read and understood?

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1980-549720190009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽

Cassia Garcia Moraes ◽

Paulo Sérgio Dourado Arrais ◽

Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽

Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

Education Level ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Package Inserts ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Written Information ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Lower Education

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The written information on medicines has been acknowledged as an important tool for health education. Objective: To analyze the use and understanding of medicine package inserts by users and assess sociodemographic and medical factors associated with their comprehension. Method: Data in this analysis are part of the PNAUM National Survey - a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in Brazil. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson χ2 tests were performed to compare proportions between sociodemographic and medical characteristics, as well as use and understanding of medicine package inserts. Results: A total of 28.427 individuals responded to questions related to medicine package inserts. From these, 59.6% (95%CI 57.7 - 61.5) said they usually read the inserts, and 98.4% (95%CI 98.0 - 98.8) considered them necessary. Among people who read the medicine package inserts, more than half indicated difficulties with legibility (57.4%; 95%CI 55,2 - 59,6) and readability (54.1%; 95%CI 52.1 - 56.1). People from a lower education level reported greater difficulty in understanding them. Conclusion: The larger portion of the population usually read medicine package inserts. Nevertheless, people have difficulty in reading and understanding them.

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Composição Corporal de Adultos Com Síndrome de Down e Excesso de Peso Atendidos em Hospital Universitário

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2018v22n1p47-52 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Leiliane Cruz Reis ◽

Livia Maria Machado Nunes ◽

Maria Edilma Da Silva Bezerra ◽

Rosilene Reis Della Noce

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

University Hospital ◽

Normal Range ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

The City

Pessoas com Síndrome de Down podem, frequentemente, apresentar doença cardíaca congênita, hipotireoidismo, distúrbios gastrointestinais e tendência ao sobrepeso e obesidade, comprometendo gravemente a saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a composição corporal de adultos com Síndrome de Down - SD e excesso de peso, atendidos em um Hospital Universitário. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo realizado na cidade de Belém do Pará, no ano de 2017, onde os participantes com SD, foram avaliados para determinação da composição corporal com a utilização do aparelho de bioimpedância elétrica InBody230. Foram avaliados 13 indivíduos de ambos os sexos com idades variando entre 20 e 40 anos. A média de peso dos indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino foi de 71,8 kg e 69,2 kg respectivamente, a média de Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC foi de 31,27 kg/m² para os homens e 34,08 kg/m² para as mulheres, classificada em obesidade. A maioria dos indivíduos apresenta Massa Muscular Esquelética - MME e Massa Livre de Gordura - MLG dentro da faixa de normalidade, porém os valores de Massa de Gordura (MG), assim como a Relação Cintura Quadril - RCQ de todos os indivíduos estão elevados. O acompanhamento individualizado da composição corporal, por meio da bioimpedância elétrica, mostrou ser um instrumento eficaz para avaliação do estado nutricional dessa população.Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Down. Composição Corporal. Bioimpedância Elétrica.AbstractPeople with Down Syndrome can often have congenital heart disease, hypothyroidism, gastrointestinal disorders, and tendency to overweight and obesity severely compromising health. The objective of this study was to describe the body composition in adults with Down Syndrome and overweight treated in a University Hospital. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out in the city of Belém do Pará in 2017, where the participants with DS, were evaluated to determine the body composition with the use of InBody 230 electric bioimpedance device. Eight individuals of both sexes with ages varying between 20 and 40 years were evaluated. The mean weight of the male and female subjects was 71.8 kg and 69.2 kg respectively, the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 31.27 kg / m² for men and 34.08 kg / m² for women, classified as obesity. The majority of individuals had a Skeletal Muscle Mass (MME) and Fat Free Mass (MLG) within the normal range, but the values of Mass of Fat (MG), as well as the Hip Waist Ratio (WHR) of all individuals are high. The individualized monitoring of body composition through electric bioimpedance proved to be an effective tool for assessing the nutritional status of this population.Keywords: Down Syndrome. Body composition. Electric impedance.

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Cross-validation of generalised body composition equations with diverse young men and women: the Training Intervention and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508047764 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 871-878 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Andrew S. Jackson ◽

Kenneth J. Ellis ◽

Brian K. McFarlin ◽

Mary H. Sailors ◽

Molly S. Bray

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

African American ◽

Linear Models ◽

African American Men ◽

The Body ◽

Training Intervention ◽

Calibration Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Exercise Response

Generalised skinfold equations developed in the 1970s are commonly used to estimate laboratory-measured percentage fat (BF%). The equations were developed on predominately white individuals using Siri's two-component percentage fat equation (BF%-GEN). We cross-validated the Jackson–Pollock (JP) generalised equations with samples of young white, Hispanic and African–American men and women using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the BF% referent criterion (BF%-DXA). The cross-sectional sample included 1129 women and men (aged 17–35 years). The correlations between BF%-GEN and BF%-DXA were 0·85 for women and 0·93 for men. Analysis of measurement error showed that BF%-GEN underestimated BF%-DXA of men and women by 1·3 and 3·0 %. General linear models (GLM) confirmed that BF%-GEN systematically underestimated BF%-DXA of Hispanic men and women, and overestimated BF%-DXA of African–American men. GLM were used to estimate BF%-DXA from the JP sum of skinfolds and to account for race/ethnic group bias. The fit statistics (R and standard error of the estimate; see) of the men's calibration model were: white, R 0·92, see 3·0 %; Hispanic, R 0·91, see 3·0 %; African–American, R 0·95, see 2·6 %. The women's statistics were: white and African–American, R 0·86, see 3·8 %; Hispanic, R 0·83, see 3·4 %. These results showed that BF%-GEN and BF%-DXA were highly correlated, but the error analyses documented that the generalised equations lacked accuracy when applied to these racially and ethnically diverse men and women. The inaccuracy was linked to the body composition and race/ethnic differences between these Training Intervention and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) study subjects and the men and women used to develop the generalised equations in the 1970s and using BF%-DXA as the referent criterion.

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