Metabolic syndrome in patients with prostate cancer

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men in Brazil. Recently, several studies have hypothesized a relationship between PCa and metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim here was to identify an association between MS and PCa. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, Fundação de Beneficência Hospital de Cirurgia (FBHC) and Universidade Federal de Sergipe. METHODS: Laboratory and anthropometric parameters were compared between PCa patients (n = 16) and controls (n = 16). RESULTS: The PCa patients showed significantly greater frequency of MS than did the controls (p = 0.034). Serum glucose was higher and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was lower than in the controls, although without significant differences. There were significant differences in blood pressure (p = 0.029) and waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.004). Pearson linear correlation showed a positive association between waist-to-hip ratio and prostate specific antigen (r = 0.584 and p = 0.028). Comparing subgroups with and without MS among the PCa patients, significant differences (p < 0.05) in weight, height, body mass index, hip circumference and lean body mass were observed, thus showing higher central obesity in those with MS. The serum glucose values were also higher in MS patients (p = 0.006), thus demonstrating that insulin resistance has a role in MS physiopathology. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that MS may exert an influence on the development of PCa. However, it would be necessary to expand the investigation field with larger sample sizes and cohorts studied, to test the hypothesis generated in this study.

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CUT OFF VALUES OF WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND WAIST-TO-HIP RATIO FOR PREDICTING METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG POPULATION IN TWO COMMUNES, QUANG DIEN DISTRICT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2018.6.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Huong Nguyen Thi ◽

Thuoc Doan Phuoc ◽

Chi Le Van

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Early Identification ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio

Background:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, characterized as central obesity, dysglycemia, raised blood pressure, elevated triglyceride (TG) level, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. MetS is associated with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and all-cause mortality. It is alarming that the prevalence of MetS is high and increasing in both developing and developed nations. Thus, early identification and treatment of individuals with MetS is essential to prevent the adverse consequences related to its development. However, the diagnostic criteria of MetS are complex to conduct, which makes early identification of individuals with MetS challenging. Of these components of MetS, central obesity is considered as the most important component. As an indirect measure of visceral fat, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are an easy, cost-effective, and non-invasive metric useful for identification of central obesity and, in turn, may be an effective predictor of the risk of metabolic syndrome. However, ethnic and racial variation among populations from different regions warrants different cutoff points to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Objective: To identify the optimal cut off values for waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS) among population in Quang Dien District, Thua Thien Hue Province. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out 386 people over 25 years olds chosen from two communities from Quang Dien district by stratified sampling procedure. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the IDF, NHLBI, AHA, WHF, IAS, IASO (2009). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to assess sensitivity and specificity for different cut off values of WC, WHR. Results: The optimal cut off values for WC for predicting MetS were 87 cm for men (AUC= 0.852, sensitivity = 85.7% and specificity = 83.8%) and 76 cm for women (AUC= 0.871, sensitivity = 85% and specificity = 74.73%). The optimal cut off values for WHR for predicting MetS were 0.9 for men (AUC= 0.823, sensitivity = 85.71% and specificity = 76.15%) and 0.86 for women (AUC= 0.801, sensitivity = 80% and specificity = 66.48%). Conclusion: We propose the optimal cut off point for WC, WHR for the best predictor of MetS as 87 cm, 0.9 in men and 76 cm, 0.86 in women respectively in Quang Dien population. Key words: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), metabolic abnormalities, Quang Dien district

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The influence of obesity in patients with prostate cancer - Review of the literature

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v3i4.63 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maximilien C. Goris Gbenou

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Body Mass ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Increased Risk

Recent studies have demonstrated an association between higher body mass index and increased aggressiveness in prostate cancer. The present narrative review, based on a search of Medline® and Embase® databases from October 1982 to October 2012, explores the relationship between higher body mass index and localized prostate cancer. In particular, the current epidemiological and mechanistic evidence for interactions between obesity and prostate cancer are discussed. Obesity is associated with alterations in androgen levels, decreased sex hormone binding globulin and increased estrogen levels, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, alterations in plasma lipoprotein levels particularly raised triglycerides and reduced high density lipoprotein, decreased levels of adiponectin, and increased levels of circulating insulin-growth factor- 1, leptin and dietary saturated fats. Obese men have more aggressive prostate cancer with a greater percentage prostate involvement, increased tumor volume and higher-grade disease, enlarged prostates, high prostate-specific antigen levels, increased risk of having positive margins and recurrence. Moreover, there is strong evidence of the beneficial effects of functional foods for the treatment of obesity. Additionally, an increasing number of studies support that obesity-induced inflammation plays an important role in the development of obesity-related pathologies. Despite, the beneficial role of nutriment in prostate cancer control, the use of functional foods in prostate cancer is not recommended for lack of large epidemiological studies. This data supports the hypothesis that obese men have more aggressive prostate cancers and that the obesity is a modifiable risk factor of prostate cancer. Key Words: prostate cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, high BMI, risk factor, diet, functional foods.

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Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio as a Diagnostic Alternative to Triglycerides and HDL-Cholesterol for the Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome among Hypertensives in Kazakhstan

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10080510 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 510

Author(s):

Alma Nurtazina ◽

Dana Kozhakhmetova ◽

Daulet Dautov ◽

Aizhan Shakhanova ◽

Vijay Kumar Chattu

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Roc Analysis ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Positive Association ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Diagnostic Significance ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional

Apolipoproteins (Apo) are known atherogenic factors that play important roles in many mechanisms related to coronary heart disease. The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is a promising diagnostic tool for metabolic syndrome (MS) in different populations, though its use is not established in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to assess the relationship between MS and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio among hypertensive patients and to evaluate its diagnostic use for identifying MS as an alternative to triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 800 eligible men and women with primary hypertension from April 2015 to December 2016. Data were collected on socio-demographics, lifestyle parameters, family history of cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Dietary Quality Score (DQS), anthropometric data, and blood pressure were recorded; ApoA1 and ApoB levels were measured in blood samples. We found a significant positive association between MS and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio by multiple logistic regression, as shown by a linear trend of increase of the odds ratio (OR) for MS across the quartiles of ApoB/ApoA1 (p < 0.0001). ROC analysis revealed diagnostic significance of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio for MS, and comparative ROC analysis demonstrated equal diagnostic value of ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and TG levels (AUC = 0.71 (95% CI 0.69; 0.74) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.69, 0.76), respectively), which was significantly higher than those of HDL, ApoA1, ApoB (AUC = 0.27 (95% CI 0.23; 0.31), AUC = 0.37 (95% CI 0.33; 0.41), AUC = 0.67, (95% CI 0.63; 0.71), respectively). The diagnostic value of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in Kazakhs with MS appeared to equal that of TG and was significantly higher than that of HDL-C. Adjusting for gender, smoking, and DQS significantly strengthened the association between MS and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in the Kazakh population.

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Association between dietary inflammatory index and components of metabolic syndrome

Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research ◽

10.34172/jcvtr.2020.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

Sima Ghorabi ◽

Alireza Esteghamati ◽

Kamal Azam ◽

Elnaz Daneshzad ◽

Omid Sadeghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Study Participants

Introduction: Limited data are available on the association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. The present study was conducted to investigate the association of DII with MetS and its components among Iranian adults. <br /> Methods: A total of 404 subjects, aged 18 years or older, were included in the current cross-sectional study. We used a validated and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intakes. Fasting blood sample was obtained to quantify glycemic indicators and lipid profile. MetS was defined based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). <br /> Results: Mean age of study participants was 38.20 ± 9.55 years. No significant association was found between DII and odds of MetS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.48-1.76). In terms of MetS components, a significant positive association was seen between DII scores and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.32-3.97); such that after controlling for energy intake, demographic variables and BMI, participants in the highest category of DII had 2.71 times greater odds for having reduced levels of HDL-C (OR: 2.71, 95% CIs: 1.34, 5.47). There was no other significant association between other components of MetS and DII scores either before or after adjusting for confounding variables.<br /> Conclusion: We observed no significant association between DII and odds of MetS. However, higher score of DII was associated with lower levels of HDL.

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Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in the Iranian Population: Waist Circumference, Body Mass Index, or Waist to Hip Ratio?

Cholesterol ◽

10.1155/2013/198384 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Mojgan Gharipour ◽

Nizal Sarrafzadegan ◽

Masoumeh Sadeghi ◽

Elham Andalib ◽

Mohammad Talaie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Iranian Population ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cut Points ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio

This study aimed to investigate whether body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or waist to hip ratio (WHR) could be a better predictor of metabolic syndrome and, if so, what would be the cutoff points for these surrogates to appropriately differentiate metabolic syndrome in different age and sex subgroups. Methods. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS). In total, 468 individuals (194 with and 274 subjects without metabolic syndrome) according to the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) criteria were selected. Anthropometric indices were measured and plotted using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results. According to ROC curve analysis, WC and WHR parameters were better indicators of metabolic syndrome compared to BMI in women, whereas in men WHR had a lower discriminating value compared to the other two parameters. Among these three anthropometric parameters, BMI had a lower sensitivity and WC and WHR both had a higher sensitivity for predicting metabolic syndrome in women compared with in men. The cut points for WC were nearly equal in men and women, 90.3 versus 90.0, respectively. Women had higher cut points for BMI (28.5 kg/m2) compared to men (26.0 kg/m2). Our results showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for WC cut points specially in women. To predict metabolic syndrome, we looked into optimal age-specific cut points for BMI, WC, and WHR. The results indicated that WC had the highest discriminating value compared to other indicators in the different age subgroups. The optimal cut points for all three parameters gradually increased with age. Conclusion. Our results demonstrated that regardless of gender and age variables, WC could be a preferred parameter for predicting metabolic syndrome compared to BMI and WHR in Iranian population.

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Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00607-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jusuk Lee ◽

Taehong Kim

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Korean Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p < 0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p < 0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

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The Influence of Anthropometric Indices and Intermediary Determinants of Hypertension in Bangladesh

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5646

Author(s):

Sally Sonia Simmons ◽

John Elvis Hagan ◽

Thomas Schack

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

Hypertension is a major public health burden in Bangladesh. However, studies considering the underlying multifaceted risk factors of this health condition are sparse. The present study concurrently examines anthropometric parameters and intermediary factors influencing hypertension risk in Bangladesh. Using the 2018 World Health Organisation (WHO) STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) study conducted in Bangladesh and involving 8019 nationally representative adult respondents, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between anthropometrics, other intermediary factors and hypertension. The regression results were presented using the odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of hypertension was higher among females and males who were 40 years and older. However, among females, those who were age 60 years and older were more than twice and thrice more likely to be hypertensive compared to those in the younger age groups (18–39, 40–59). Females who were obese (body mass index [BMI], waist to hip ratio [WHR], waist to height ratio [WHtR]) or had high waist circumference [WC] were twice as likely to be hypertensive. Males and females who were physically active, consuming more fruits and vegetables daily and educated had lower odds of developing hypertension. Key findings suggest that the association between anthropometric indices (body mass index [BMI], waist to hip ratio [WHR], waist to height ratio [WHtR]), waist circumference [WC]), other intermediary determinants (e.g., education, physical activity) and hypertension exist across gender and with increasing age among adults in Bangladesh. Developing appropriate public health interventions (e.g., regular assessment of anthropometric parameters) for early identification of the risk and pattern of hypertension through appropriate screening and diagnosis is required to meet the specific health needs of the adult Bangladesh population.

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The Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension and the Metabolic Syndrome in Police Personnel

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136728 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6728

Author(s):

James D. Yates ◽

Jeffrey W. F. Aldous ◽

Daniel P. Bailey ◽

Angel M. Chater ◽

Andrew C. S. Mitchell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Job Type ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Police Personnel ◽

Behavioural Factors ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽

Police Forces

Hypertension and metabolic syndrome (METSYN) are reportedly high in police forces. This may contribute to health deterioration and absenteeism in police personnel. Police forces comprise of staff in ‘operational’ and ‘non-operational’ job types but it is not known if job type is associated to hypertension and METSYN prevalence. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of hypertension and METSYN, the factors associated with the risk of hypertension and METSYN, and compare physiological, psychological, and behavioural factors between operational and non-operational police personnel. Cross-sectional data was collected from 77 operational and 60 non-operational police workers. Hypertension and METSYN were prevalent in 60.5% and 20% of operational and 60.0% and 13.6% of non-operational police personnel, respectively (p > 0.05). Operational job type, moderate organisational stress (compared with low stress) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with lower odds of hypertension, whereas increasing body mass index was associated with increased odds of hypertension (p < 0.05). None of the independent variables were significantly associated with the odds of METSYN. Operational police had several increased cardiometabolic risk markers compared with non-operational police. Given the high prevalence of hypertension and METSYN in operational and non-operational personnel, occupational health interventions are needed for the police and could be informed by the findings of this study.

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Sex-based differences in and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adults aged 40 years and above in Northeast China: Results from the cross-sectional China national stroke screening survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e038671

Author(s):

Feng-E Li ◽

Fu-Liang Zhang ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

Dong Liu ◽

Hao-Yuan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Junior High School ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Northeast China ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sample Data ◽

High Incidence

ObjectivesLow levels of income and education are risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the population of Northeast China, which has a high incidence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine sex-based differences associated with the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic syndrome among people older than 40 years in Northeast China; this has not been previously investigated.DesignThis study analysed a portion of the large sample data of the national cross-sectional screening of China from 2016. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of any three of the following five risk factors: abnormal waist circumference; high levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or fasting plasma glucose; and elevated blood pressure. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate sex-based differences in the prevalence of, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome.SettingThe study was conducted in Dehui City, Jilin Province, China.ParticipantsA total of 4052 participants with complete questionnaire information and laboratory examination results were included.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 50.1% overall (38.4% in men and 57.9% in women; p<0.001). High body mass index and hip circumference were associated with metabolic syndrome in both sexes. In addition, physical inactivity (OR and 95% CI 1.44 (1.06 to 1.97); p=0.022) in men and advanced age (OR and 95% CI 1.54 (1.15 to 2.04); p=0.003) in women were factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Women with junior high school education or above and living in rural areas were less likely to have metabolic syndrome. For men, education and rural or urban living had no association with metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsThe risk factors for metabolic syndrome have similarities and differences in different sexes; thus, the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome should be based on these sex differences.

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