The Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension and the Metabolic Syndrome in Police Personnel

Hypertension and metabolic syndrome (METSYN) are reportedly high in police forces. This may contribute to health deterioration and absenteeism in police personnel. Police forces comprise of staff in ‘operational’ and ‘non-operational’ job types but it is not known if job type is associated to hypertension and METSYN prevalence. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of hypertension and METSYN, the factors associated with the risk of hypertension and METSYN, and compare physiological, psychological, and behavioural factors between operational and non-operational police personnel. Cross-sectional data was collected from 77 operational and 60 non-operational police workers. Hypertension and METSYN were prevalent in 60.5% and 20% of operational and 60.0% and 13.6% of non-operational police personnel, respectively (p > 0.05). Operational job type, moderate organisational stress (compared with low stress) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with lower odds of hypertension, whereas increasing body mass index was associated with increased odds of hypertension (p < 0.05). None of the independent variables were significantly associated with the odds of METSYN. Operational police had several increased cardiometabolic risk markers compared with non-operational police. Given the high prevalence of hypertension and METSYN in operational and non-operational personnel, occupational health interventions are needed for the police and could be informed by the findings of this study.

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Cortisol, DHEAS, their ratio and the metabolic syndrome: evidence from the Vietnam Experience Study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-1078 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 162 (5) ◽

pp. 919-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Anna C Phillips ◽

Douglas Carroll ◽

Catharine R Gale ◽

Janet M Lord ◽

Wiebke Arlt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Military Service ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Us Army ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vietnam Era

ObjectivesThe aim of these analyses was to examine the association of cortisol, DHEAS and the cortisol:DHEAS ratio with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.DesignThe analyses were cross-sectional.MethodsParticipants were 4255 Vietnam era US army veterans. From military service files, telephone interviews and a medical examination, occupational, socio-demographic and health data were collected. MetS was ascertained from data on body mass index; fasting blood glucose or a diagnosis of diabetes; blood pressure or a diagnosis of hypertension; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and triglyceride levels. Contemporary morning fasted cortisol and DHEAS concentrations were determined. The outcomes were MetS and its components. Analysis was by logistic regression, first adjusting for age and then additionally for an array of candidate confounders.ResultsCortisol, although not in the fully adjusted analysis, and DHEAS were both related to MetS. Whereas high cortisol concentrations were associated with an increased risk of MetS, high DHEAS concentrations appeared protective. By far, the strongest associations with MetS were observed for the cortisol:DHEAS ratio; the higher the ratio, the greater the risk of having MetS. The ratio was also significantly related to four of the five MetS components.ConclusionsThe cortisol:DHEAS ratio is positively associated with MetS. Prospective analyses are needed to help untangle direction of causality, but this study suggests that the cortisol:DHEAS ratio is worthy of further study in this and other health contexts.

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Metabolic syndrome in fixed-shift workers

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005524 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raquel Canuto ◽

Marcos Pascoal Pattussi ◽

Jamile Block Araldi Macagnan ◽

Ruth Liane Henn ◽

Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Educational Level ◽

Skin Color ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Work Shift ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

OBJECTIVE To analyze if metabolic syndrome and its altered components are associated with demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors in fixed-shift workers.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 902 shift workers of both sexes in a poultry processing plant in Southern Brazil in 2010. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was determined according to the recommendations from Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome. Its frequency was evaluated according to the demographic (sex, skin color, age and marital status), socioeconomic (educational level, income and work shift), and behavioral characteristics (smoking, alcohol intake, leisure time physical activity, number of meals and sleep duration) of the sample. The multivariate analysis followed a theoretical framework for identifying metabolic syndrome in fixed-shift workers.RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the sample was 9.3% (95%CI 7.4;11.2). The most frequently altered component was waist circumference (PR 48.4%; 95%CI 45.5;51.2), followed by high-density lipoprotein. Work shift was not associated with metabolic syndrome and its altered components. After adjustment, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was positively associated with women (PR 2.16; 95%CI 1.28;3.64), workers aged over 40 years (PR 3.90; 95%CI 1.78;8.93) and those who reported sleeping five hours or less per day (PR 1.70; 95%CI 1.09;2.24). On the other hand, metabolic syndrome was inversely associated with educational level and having more than three meals per day (PR 0.43; 95%CI 0.26;0.73).CONCLUSIONS Being female, older and deprived of sleep are probable risk factors for metabolic syndrome, whereas higher educational level and higher number of meals per day are protective factors for metabolic syndrome in fixed-shift workers.

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High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Demographic Factors in North of Iran: Results from the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2021/8862456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mohammadreza Naghipour ◽

Farahnaz Joukar ◽

Hossein-Ali Nikbakht ◽

Soheil Hassanipour ◽

Mehrnaz Asgharnezhad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High Prevalence

Introduction. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased in recent decades around the world and is currently reaching epidemic levels as it is a major public health and clinical concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its related demographic factors in a population-based study. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, the target population consisted of 10520 individuals aged 35–70 years in Phase 1 of the Persian Guilan cohort study (Guilan site/Some’e Sara) that was conducted in 2014–2017. Demographic, anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical data were used in this study. The IDF definitions were used to diagnose the metabolic syndrome. Results. The prevalence of the syndrome according to IDF and ATP definition was 42.87% (95% CI: 41.92–41.81) and 40.68% (95% CI: 39.74–41.62), respectively. The prevalence of components for central obesity, high triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and hypertension components was 75.8%, 43.1%, 40.6%, 39.2% and 37.9%, respectively. All demographic variables were related to the syndrome, and among them age, gender, and residence were identified as independent and strong predictive variables in the regression model. More than 92% of the population had at least one component of the syndrome. Conclusion. The results of the study show a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors. It is essential to educate healthy lifestyle behaviors and further health education in the high-risk groups identified in this study, especially the elderly, women, and rural residents.

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Vasculometabolic and Inflammatory Effects of Aldosterone in Obesity

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (8) ◽

pp. 2719-2731

Author(s):

Charlotte D C C van der Heijden ◽

Rob ter Horst ◽

Inge C L van den Munckhof ◽

Kiki Schraa ◽

Jacqueline de Graaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolic Dysregulation ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Context Not all obese individuals develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hyperaldosteronism is suggested to cause inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, and might contribute to CVD development in obese individuals. Objective We aimed to investigate the association of aldosterone concentrations with inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and atherosclerosis in overweight and obese individuals. Additionally, we measured renin concentrations to investigate whether the observed effects reflected general activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Design A cross-sectional cohort study (300-OB study) was conducted. Various inflammatory parameters, traits of the metabolic syndrome, lipidome and metabolome parameters, fat distribution, and carotid atherosclerosis were associated with plasma aldosterone and renin levels. Setting The setting of this study was the Radboudumc (i.o. Radboudumc), the Netherlands. Patients A total of 302 individuals with a body mass index greater than or equal to 27 kg/m2 participated. Main Outcome Measures and Results Aldosterone was associated with various markers of inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, which partly differed from the associations observed for renin. Although both were associated with inflammatory cell numbers, only renin was associated with classical markers of systemic inflammation. Both were associated with the metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis. Of the traits that constitute metabolic syndrome, aldosterone, but not renin, was associated with triglyceride concentrations. Accordingly, aldosterone was associated with large very low-density lipoprotein particles; metabolomics studies further associated aldosterone with urate concentrations and derivatives of the linoleic acid metabolism pathway. Neither aldosterone nor renin was associated with atherosclerotic plaque thickness. Conclusions Aldosterone is not an important driver of systemic inflammation in the obese, whereas aldosterone concentrations and metabolic dysregulation are strongly intertwined in these individuals. Although prospective studies are necessary to validate these results, the independent effects of aldosterone on carotid atherosclerosis appear modest.

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Association of 25(OH)D and PTH with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Traditional and Nontraditional Components

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2010-1439 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 168-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Sheena Kayaniyil ◽

Reinhold Vieth ◽

Stewart B. Harris ◽

Ravi Retnakaran ◽

Julia A. Knight ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Supplement Use ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Multivariate Adjustment ◽

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

Context: Emerging evidence suggests that 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH may play a role in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, evidence to date is limited and inconsistent, and few studies have examined associations with nontraditional MetS components. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association of vitamin D and PTH with MetS and its traditional and nontraditional components in a large multiethnic sample. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cross-sectional study, we examined 654 participants from London and Toronto, Ontario, Canada, aged 30 yr and older with risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Main Outcome Measures: Presence of MetS and its traditional and nontraditional components was measured. Results: Approximately 43% of the study participants were classified as having MetS. Higher 25(OH)D was significantly associated with a reduced presence of MetS after adjustment for age, sex, season, ethnicity, supplement use, physical activity, and PTH (odds ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.62–0.93). PTH was not associated with the presence of MetS after multivariate adjustment. Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated significant adjusted inverse associations of 25(OH)D with waist circumference, triglyceride level, fasting insulin, and alanine transaminase (P < 0.041). Elevated PTH was positively associated with waist circumference and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.04). Other associations between PTH and MetS components were attenuated after adjustment for adiposity. Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D, but not PTH, was significantly associated with MetS as well as a number of MetS components after multivariate adjustment. These results suggest that low 25(OH)D may play a role in the etiology of the MetS.

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Hyperuricemia is associated with metabolic syndrome in the community very elderly in Chengdu

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-65605-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gang Huang ◽

Junbo Xu ◽

Tingjie Zhang ◽

Lin Cai ◽

Hanxiong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Very Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Elderly Chinese

Abstract Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular metabolic diseases. However, in the very elderly, the relationship between hyperuricemia and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not yet clear. This study was aimed to investigate the potential association between hyperuricemia and MetS in community very elderly in Chengdu. In this cross-sectional study, 1056 very elderly in the community were enrolled. Serum uric acid (SUA), fast plasma glucose, triglycerides and high–density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured, and then MetS components were calculated. Logistic regression models were used to explore risk factors for MetS in the very elderly. Finally, 1035 participants were included in analysis whose ages ranged between 80 and 100 with a mean age of 83.6 ± 3.4 years. The mean SUA level was 356.2 ± 95.0 µmol/L. The estimated prevalence of MetS in the very elderly was 25.0% vs. 21.6% (international diabetes federation (IDF) criteria vs. Chinese guideline), which was significantly higher for women (IDF criteria:17.3% in men vs 33.6% in women, p < 0.001). Logistic regression has found that participants with hyperuricemia (SUA level > 416 µmol/L in men and > 357 µmol/L in women) had a higher risk (IDF criteria: odds ratio (OR): 2.136, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.525–2.993, p < 0.001. Chinese guideline: OR: 1.769, 95%CI: 1.249–2.503, p = 0.001) of MetS in very elderly Chinese. MetS is common in the community of very elderly Chinese in Chengdu. Hyperuricemia is associated with MetS in general very elderly and lifestyle changing should also be considered in the very elderly.

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The Study of Relationship between Breastfeeding and Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in Premenopausal Parous Women: From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2016

JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH ◽

10.21896/jksmch.2020.24.3.154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 154-161

Author(s):

Minji Kim ◽

Jusuk Lee ◽

Taehong Kim

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

National Health ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Nationally Representative

Purpose: Here we aimed to examine the association of breastfeeding (BF) with the metabolic syndrome (Mets) and its components among premenopausal parous Korean women.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 7,116 Korean women by using nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, between 2010 and 2016. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for examining the association of BF with Mets and its components.Results: A total 7,116 women were selected for this study. Mets was present in 12.9% of the study participants. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group (12.38%) was lower than that of the non-BF group (14.69 %) (p<0.05). The prevalence of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher in the non-BF group compared to that of the BF group. For each of Mets components, the total cholestrol level and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the non-BF group, compared to those of the BF group (p<0.05). The BF group was associated with a decreased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–0.99). and lower risks of hypo-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterolemia (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62–0.68), compared to those of the non-BF group.Conclusion: BF is an important factor in reducing the risks of Mets. These results provide fundamental evidence for the establishment of policies for promoting BF.

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Metabolic syndrome in haemodialysis patients: Prevalence, determinants and association to cardiovascular outcomes

10.21203/rs.2.21445/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arnaud Delautre ◽

François Chantrel ◽

Yves Dimitrov ◽

Alexandre Klein ◽

Olivier Imhoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Visceral Obesity ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Clinical Predictors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Background In the general population, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been identified as predictive of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Waist circumference (WC), a component of the MetS criteria, is linked to visceral obesity, which in turn is correlated with MACE. However, in haemodialysis (HD) patients, the association between MetS, WC and MACE is unclear.Methods In a cross-sectional study of 1000 HD patients, we evaluated the prevalence and characterised the clinical predictors of MetS. The relationship between MetS and its components, alone or in combination, and MACE, as defined by comorbidity among coronary diseases, peripheral arteriopathy, stroke or cardiac failure, was further studied using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and logistic regression.Results A total of 753 patients were included between October 2011 and April 2013. The prevalence of MetS was 68.5%. Waist circumference (> 88 cm in women, 102 cm in men) was the best predictor of MetS (sensitivity 80.2; specificity 82.3; AUC 0.80; p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, MetS was associated with MACE (OR: 1.85; 95CI 1.24-2.75; p < 0.01), but not WC alone. There was a stronger association between the combination of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with MACE after exclusion of impaired fasting glucose and hypertension.ConclusionsMetS is frequent and associated with MACE in HD patients in our region and probably in other European dialysis populations. In HD patients, a new simplified definition could be proposed, in keeping with the concept of hypertriglyceridaemic waist.

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The Relationship between Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Metabolic Syndrome

Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine ◽

10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.8n.4p.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Tahmoores Abdollahian ◽

Solmaz Pourzare Mehrbani ◽

Paria Motahari

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Underlying Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis ◽

Aphthous Stomatitis ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Relationship

Metabolic syndrome or X syndrome includes a group of metabolic and non-metabolic disorders, that increase the risk of some disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in healthy subjects and patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was conducted. In this cross-sectional study 33 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis which were referred to Department of Oral Medicine of Tabriz dental school were studied. The inclusion criteria included consent to participates in the study, lack of underlying disease associated with RAS such as Behcet’s syndrome and lack of systemic diseases. RAS patients were examined in terms of risk of the metabolic syndrome and 33 age and sex matched healthy individuals were selected and examined in terms of risk of metabolic syndrome. Data samples from check list contain demographic and laboratory findings were collected. Results showed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with RAS (21.2%) was significantly higher than in healthy people (9.1%). (p<0.05) Female percentage of RAS patients with metabolic syndrome were 71.4 and Male percentage of RAS patients with metabolic syndrome were 28.6. Given the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with RAS, this syndrome can be considered as a risk factor for RAS.

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Evaluation of Metabolic Syndrome among Locomotive Drivers

Occupational Medicine ◽

10.18502/tkj.v11i3.2588 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M Saraei ◽

A Najafi ◽

E Heidarbagi ◽

A Rahimi-Golkhandan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Waist Circumference ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Train Drivers

Introduction: Screening of risk factors for metabolic syndrome among commercial and train drivers that are considered safety sensitive jobs, is an important issue in safety of transportation system. Metabolic syndrome is consisted of disturbed lipid profile, high blood pressure, and high waist circumference. It can lead to decrease the quality of life and higher health associated costs for these patients. This study aimed to assess risk factors for metabolic syndrome among train drivers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 281 train drivers referred to their annual health examinations to Occupational Medicine Clinic of Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Demographic characteristics of participants were recorded. Blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference of drivers were measured. Participants’ blood sample for fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, high and low density lipoproteins were collected. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the NCEP ATP III criteria. Results: All of the participants were males. Their mean age and BMI was 43±10 year and 26.60±3.67 Kg/m2, respectively. Fifty three (21%) of the participants were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. The more frequent risk factor for metabolic syndrome was triglyceride more than 150mg/dl. Conclusion: Findings of the present study revealed high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among train drivers. Further studies are needed for screening the metabolic syndrome in this occupational group as it is a sensitive occupation.

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