scholarly journals Body composition and net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain of Nellore and crossbreed steers finished under grazing

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Sant´Ana ◽  
C.A.A. Fontes ◽  
R.S.T. Silva ◽  
C.S. Garcia ◽  
R.A.M. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Slaughter Method ◽  
Representative Samples

The objective of this work was to evaluate body composition and net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain of Nellore and crossbred F1 Limousin-Nellore steers finished on Mombasa grass pastures. Mombasa grass (Panicum maximum) pastures were managed under intermitent stocking during the rainy season, with a forage offer of 8% of the body weight (BW) based on the dry matter of green leaves. Twenty-four steers were used: 12 were Nellore (386 kg SBW) and 12 were F1 Limousin-Nellore (397 kg SBW). Changes in body composition in a 104-day experimental period were evaluated according to the comparative slaughter method. After slaughter, all body components were weighed and representative samples of carcass (HH section) and non-carcass tissues were collected, processed and chemically analyzed to determine body contents of protein, fat and energy in each animal. Linearized allometric equations were fitted to describe the pattern of growth of body components as a function of empty body weight of the animals. The obtained equations were derived to predict net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain. There were no differences between Nellore and crossbreed steers regarding to protein deposition. Nellore animals tended to a greater deposition of energy on weight compared to crossbred animals. It is possible to obtain well finished carcass in Nellore and crossbred steers with a greater weight on tropical pastures with an adequate supply of leaves.

scholarly journals Performance, body composition and net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain in steers supplemented with or without addition of lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Cunha Rocha ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Alencar Fontes ◽  
Elizabeth Fonsêca Processi ◽  
Laila Cecília Ramos Bendia ◽  
Clóvis Carlos Silveira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Slaughter Method ◽  
Daily Gain

This research aimed to evaluate the performance, body composition and net requirements for protein and energy in grazing Nellore steers supplemented with or without addition of lipids. Twenty-eight steers, 301 ± 5.8 kg BW, were used in the experiment. The comparative slaughter method was used, with four steers used as references. The remaining 24 steers were randomly distributed into four groups, during 180 days, according to treatment: only Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grass; Mombasa grass with concentrated supplementation based on soybean meal; Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids from soybean oil; and Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids derived from soybean grains. The total DMI of the steers fed only the pasture did not differ (P > 0.05) from the average intake of the treatments with or without addition of lipids. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between treatments for total daily gain, carcass and non carcass for protein, energy and fat. The requirements of protein and energy did not differ (P > 0.05) among the treatments. When the pasture is of good quality, supplementation does not alter the body composition or the net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain. The supplementations with higher concentrations of lipids (oil and grain) were not enough to promote greater gains in fat and energy in carcass.

Body composition in lambs and young sheep and its prediction in vivo from tritiated water space and body weight

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Water Space ◽  
Representative Samples

SUMMARYTritiated water (TOH) space was determined in sixty-one sheep of known age (3 days to 18 months). Representative samples of the minced carcass were subsequently analysed to determine body composition (water, fat, protein, ash and energy). The regressions of the weight of the various body components on TOH space and body weight reported here gave equations suitable for prediction. These were similar to equations derived from published results for adults. Combining data on young sheep and adults gave broadly based equations that could be used to predict the body composition of healthy sheep of all ages from 3 days to adults.

scholarly journals Body composition and net protein and energy requirements for weight gain of crossbred dairy cattle in grazing

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulciene Karla Bezerra de Andrade ◽  
Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Véras ◽  
Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Wellington Samay de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Net Protein

The body composition and net protein and energy requirements for weight gain of 5/8 Hostein-Zebu crossbred cattle raised in Brachiaria decumbens Spaft pasture were evaluated. In total, 16 bulls with 10 months of age and body weight (BW) of 180 ± 19.95 kg were used. The animals were kept with free access to pasture or with restricted grazing (from 6 to 10 h). Four animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experimental period to estimate the empty body weight (EBW) and the initial body composition of the remaining animals. The other animals were slaughtered at the end of the 84-day trial period. The logarithm equations of the protein and energy body content were adjusted according to the logarithm of the empty body weight EBW. From these equations, the net protein and energy requirements for weight gain were estimated. There was an increase in fat (from 37.17 to 59.08 g/kg EBW) and energy (from 1.68 to 1.94 Mcal/kg EBW) concentrations, with increase in body weight from 150 to 250 kg. The protein and energy requirements for gaining 1 kg of EBW increased with the increase in body weight or empty body weight. The relationship between fat concentration in gain and protein requirements also increased, indicating that as the BW or EBW increase, more fat deposition in the gain is observed.

scholarly journals Milk yield and composition, feed intake and stocking rate of crossbread cows in tropical grasses managed in a rotational grazing system

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Massaru Fukumoto ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Fermino Deresz ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Martins ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System

The objective of this study was to evaluate milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and stocking rate in pastures with tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Estrela-Africana), and marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The grasses were managed in a rotational grazing system with Holstein x Zebu crossbreed cows, with a 30-day resting period and three days of paddock occupation. The pastures were fertilized with 1,000 kg/ha/year using the 20:05:20 (NPK) formula, split in three applications during the rainy season. It was used a complete random block experimental design with three factors being studied and two replications. In the experiment, four cows/paddock were used and, when it was necessary, regulator animals were added in order to obtain a supply of 7% body weight green forage dry matter. The animals were individually fed concentrate at 2 kg/day during the experimental period. Milk yield did not differ among the three grasses, with values of 9.1; 9.1; and 8.7 kg/cow/day for pastures with tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. Similarly, grass did not affect milk chemical composition. Stocking rate was similar among the three grasses, with values of 4.6; 4.5 and 5.0 UA/ha for tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. The highest dry matter intake was observed for tanzania grass with 2.6% of the body weight while stargrass (2.3%) and marandu grass (2.4%) did not differ among each other. The highest dry matter intake on tanzania grass pasture was not reflected on milk yield per animal. Milk yield and composition and stocking rate are similar among the evaluated grasses.

Experimental inoculation of day-old ducks with Brachyspira pilosicoli and B. alvinipulli

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ákos Thuma ◽  
Ádám Dán ◽  
Éva Kaszanyitzky ◽  
Béla Fazekas ◽  
Ádám Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Brachyspira Pilosicoli ◽  
Significant Difference

Two groups of one-day-old Peking ducklings (Groups I and II, 12 birds/group) were inoculated orally withBrachyspira pilosicoliand two groups withB. alvinipulli(Groups III and IV, 12 birds/group). T-2 toxin was added to the feed of Groups II and IV in a dose of 1 mg/kg of feed. Groups V and VI served as uninfected control groups (ducks of Group VI received T-2 toxin). The body weight gain of the ducks was measured and clinical signs were monitored continuously. The birds were sacrificed and necropsied on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post infection (PI). The liver, spleen, kidney, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, ileum, caecum and colon were examined histologically. Culturing ofBrachyspiraspp. and immunohistochemistry were performed from the sampled parts of the intestines as well. No gross pathological or histological lesions that could be associated withB. pilosicoliorB. alvinipulliwere detectable in the intestinal mucous membrane including the colonised intestinal glands. Mortality did not occur during the experimental period. Decrease in body weight gain was significant in the T-2-toxin-treated groups, and it was slight (not significant) in theBrachyspira-infected groups. Crust on the beaks, necrosis, crusting and ulceration in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and on the skin of the feet, atrophy of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius due to the effect of T-2 toxin, accompanied by lymphocyte depletion, were observed. These lesions were most prominent on days 14 and 21 PI but were seen on day 28 PI as well. Immunohistochemical detection and reisolation ofB. pilosicoliandB. alvinipulliwere successful on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 days from different segments of the intestine of certain birds, but no significant difference was observed in the colonisation rate between the T-2-toxin-treated and the untreated groups.

Effects of Hydroxyurea Administration on the Body Weight, Body Composition and Exercise Performance of Patients with Sickle-Cell Anaemia

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Hackney ◽  
W. Hezier ◽  
T. P. Gulledge ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
D. Strayhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Significant Difference

1. As an ancillary study carried out during the recently completed Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea, we examined the effect of hydroxyurea on the body weight, body composition and exercise capacity of adult patients with sickle-cell anaemia. 2. The subjects received either hydroxyurea (six males and four females) or placebo (eight males and six females). Data for each subject were generated during four separate 24 h admissions to the General Clinical Research Center. These admissions occurred at baseline and then at 6, 12 and 18 months after the start of study drug (hydroxyurea or placebo) administration. During each admission, body composition was measured by using a dual X-ray absorptiometer, and exercise testing was performed by cycle ergometry. Anaerobic performance was assessed according to a ‘Wingate’ protocol (20 s at maximal intensity against a cycling resistance of 7.5% body weight). Aerobic performance was examined using a steady state submaximal exercise protocol (10 min cycling time). 3. At baseline, no significant difference in any parameter was found between the hydroxyurea- and placebo-treated groups. At 18 months, the hydroxy-urea-treated subjects exhibited an average weight gain of 3.16 kg. The mean weight gain in the placebo-treated subjects was 1.82 kg. Body composition analysis showed that the additional weight in both groups involved both lean and fat body mass components. In anaerobic performance, the subjects given hydroxyurea showed an increase in peak muscle power of 104.9 W. The placebo group also showed an increase, but theirs was a more modest gain of 57.7 W. The most marked improvement in anaerobic performance was observed in the hydroxyurea-treated men (P < 0.05). In aerobic performance, the hydroxyurea-treated subjects exhibited a decrease in peak heart rate response to a standardized workload of 15.2 beats/min, as compared with a decrease of only 4.3 beats/min in the placebo-treated patients. 4. Taken together, the overall weight gain, combined with increases in both anaerobic muscular performance and aerobic cardiovascular efficiency, provides objective data to support the subjective impression that hydroxyurea administration produces an improvement in the physical capacity of patients with sickle-cell anaemia.

scholarly journals Changes in weight and body composition after initiating insulin therapy and their relationship with metabolic control during the first year of type 1 diabetes in adults. InLipoDiab1 Study

2021 ◽  
pp. e531
Author(s):  
Maja Miętkiewska ◽  
Aleksandra Uruska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Metabolic Management

Introduction. As in the general population, an increase in the incidence of overweight has been observed in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Nevertheless, weight gain in this group may contribute to the deterioration of the metabolic management. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the body weight and body composition after initiating insulin therapy and to assess their relationship with the metabolic management during the first year of T1DM in adults.Material and Methods. The prospective analysis included 139 adults patients with newly diagnosed T1DM, treated with Intensive functional insulin therapy (IFI) from the onset of the disease (age 26.3 ± 5.9 years). Patients were assessed at the time of the diagnosis and after 12 months. Metabolic parameters, including the HbA1c and lipid profile were investigated. The group was divided according to weight gain during the follow-up period.Results. Weight gain was observed in 68.3% of participants (n = 95). In most cases an increase in body fat was found (41% vs 59% p = 0.01). Changes in the body weight corresponded to significant changes in body composition. Conversely, HbA1c decreased during the follow-up in all groups. The highest reduction was observed in a group with “excessive weight gain”. Additionally, a significant increase in high density lipoproteins was observed in each group. However, weight gain was not accompanied by a deterioration of the lipid profile.Conclusions. Weight gain is a considerable problem among adults with newly diagnosed T1DM and is connected mainly with an increase of adipose tissue above the normal range. Changes in the body weight, associated with body composition changes, did not result in the dysfunctions of the metabolic management.

Body composition studies with the milk-fed lamb. III. The effect of the protein and energy intake on the composition of the live-weight gain

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Norton ◽  
K. T. Jagusch ◽  
D. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Live Weight Gain

SUMMARYNineteen male cross-bred lambs, aged between 2 and 5 days, were allotted to each of three dietary treatments. The protein contents of the diets (on a dry-matter basis) were 12·0% (diet A), 28·5% (diet B) and 45·5% (diet C). The energy intakes of groups of lambs within each dietary treatment varied from below maintenance to ad lib.The experimental period was of 3 weeks and the composition of the live-weight gain was estimated by the comparative slaughter method.Body composition within each dietary treatment was highly correlated with empty body weight, but not with the previous energy intake. The fat content of the gain decreased, and the water and protein contents increased, as the dietary-protein concentration increased.When compared at the same empty body weight, the protein content of the fat-free body of lambs given diet C was significantly higher than that of lambs given diet A. This effect of dietary-protein concentration could not be explained by differences in the amounts of protein stored as wool.

Food intake, growth and body composition in Australian Merino sheep selected for high and low weaning weight. 2. Chemical and dissectible body composition

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
R. M. Butterfield ◽  
Diana Perry
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Body Components

ABSTRACTThe changes in chemical and dissectible body composition from birth to maturity were examined in rams and ewes from flocks of Merino sheep selected for high (weight-plus) and low (weight-minus) weaning weight and from a randomly bred control flock. Body composition was examined in 34 mature animals and the maturing patterns for body components calculated using mean values from the mature animals and individual data from 106 immature animals.In the 34 mature animals, strain had no effect on the proportions of chemical and dissected fat, protein and muscle in the body. The weight-plus had greater proportions of ash and carcass bone in the body than the weight-minus animals. Mature rams had lower proportions of chemical and dissected fat and greater proportions of protein, muscle, ash and carcass bone in the body than mature ewes.The weight-minus animals had later maturing patterns for both chemical and dissected fat than the weight-plus animals. Strain had no effect on the maturing patterns for protein and muscle, although both ash and carcass bone were later maturing in the weight-plus, than in the weight-minus animals. Chemical and dissected fat were later maturing in the ewes than in the rams, whereas protein, muscle, ash and carcass bone were earlier maturing in the ewes than in the rams.The weight-minus animals were fatter at the heavier body weights, although there was a trend for the weight-plus animals to be slightly fatter at the lighter body weights. When compared at the same stage of maturity of body weight, strain differences in the proportion of fat in the body declined as the animals matured. Compositional differences between the rams and ewes varied according to the body weight or stage of maturity of body weight at which they were compared.

A note on the body composition of a double-muscled female and a normal female from a linebred Aberdeen Angus herd

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Rollins ◽  
L. M. Julian ◽  
F. D. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Muscular Hypertrophy ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Total Muscle

SUMMARYBody composition of a pair of related double-muscled and normal Aberdeen Angus females was analysed. The following ratios of weights of body components of the double-muscled individual to the normal were found: empty body, 1·0; carcass, 1·1; total muscle, 1·4; carcass fat, 0·7; offal fat, 0·9; viscera, 0·9; hide, 0·8; ash (in carcass), 1·0. The data supported an hypothesis of generalized muscular hypertrophy. The empty body weight of the normal female was 474 kg.

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