Two years of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizations in a signal grass pasture under degradation: changes in the root system

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of combinations of nitrogen and sulfur rates in degraded signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) pasture on their productive, morphological and nutritional attributes in the root system at four soil depths. The pasture used in the experiment was established over eight years ago in Entisol. Five nitrogen rates (0; 150; 300; 450 and 600 kg/ha/year) and five sulfur rates (0; 15; 30; 45 and 60 kg/ha/year) were combined in a fractionated factorial in a randomized block design, with three replications. Nitrogen was supplied as ammonium nitrate and sulfur as gypsum, and the rates were split into three times in the rainy season. The evaluations occurred at intervals of 35 days during the rainy season and 56 days in the dry season, in two consecutive years. Roots were collected with a 4-cm diameter auger at 0-10; 10-20; 20-30 and 30-40 cm soil depths. It was determined root dry matter, length and surface of the root system and nitrogen and sulfur concentrations in roots. Nitrogen rates applied in two consecutive years in the pasture affected dry mass, length, surface and nitrogen concentration in signal grass root system. Rates of sulfur by themselves or combined with nitrogen rates do not affect attributes of root system.

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Correction of soil compaction using wood ash in safflower crop

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.08.p1878 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1375-1382

Author(s):

Tulio Martinez Santos ◽

Edna Maria Bonfim Silva ◽

Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽

Ana Paula Alves Barreto Damasceno

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Root System ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

System Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wood Ash ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Root System Development ◽

Randomized Block Design

Soil compaction is a big limitation to food production in agriculture. Wood ash is an agro-industrial residue generated by the burning of biomass in boilers for energy production. It can be used as a corrective agent and fertilizer of the soil. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the root system of safflower cultivated under bulk density levels and wood ash doses in dystrophic Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a randomized block design under a 5x5 factorial scheme composed of 5 wood ash doses (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 g dm-3) and 5 bulk density levels (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 Mg m-3) with 4 replicates. The soil was collected from 0-0.20 m depth layer. Later it was incubated with the respective wood ash doses. Each experimental unit consisted of a pot made of three PVC (polyvinyl chloride) rings, in which the layers of 0.1-0.2 m were compacted. At 75 days after emergence, the plants were cut, their roots washed and the volume and dry mass checked. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and subsequent regression test, both at 5% probability. Soil densities negatively influenced the root system development and culture of safflower. Application of wood ash doses of 20 to 24 g dm-3 significantly improved root development of plant.

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HERBICIDE SELECTIVITY TO SIGNAL GRASS AND CONGO GRASS

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100062 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Author(s):

A.H.C. ANÉSIO ◽

M.V. SANTOS ◽

R.R. SILVEIRA ◽

E.A. FERREIRA ◽

T.G.S. BRAZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transport Chain ◽

Block Design ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Transport Chain ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Signal Grass ◽

Control Samples

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to evaluate the selectivity of signal grass and congo grass, submitted to post-emergence herbicide application. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, in Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, and it was arranged in a randomized block design, with five replications. Treatments were set in factor scheme (8 x 2) + 2. Eight herbicides (nicosulfuron; clomazone; glyphosate; fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen; lactofen; fomesafen; fluazifop-p-butyl and mesotrione) were applied in doses recommended by the manufacturer on two fodder species: Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk (signal grass) and Brachiaria ruziziensis (congo grass); in addition, there were two control samples without herbicide application, for a total of 18 treatments. The evaluated herbicides showed less intoxication on signal grass when compared to congo grass. Nicosulfuron and glyphosate promoted higher intoxication on both species when compared to the other herbicides. Glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, mesotrione and nicosulfuron affected the ratio variable / maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in both species, indicating an effect provided by these herbicides on the electron transport chain. Results demonstrated that signal grass and congo grass have higher susceptibility to glyphosate, fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, mesotrione and nicosulfuron. congo grass shows higher susceptibility to the studied herbicides when compared to signal grass.

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Rocket plants in response to nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-0536-20210316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 341-345

Author(s):

Paulo Henrique S Silva ◽

Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho ◽

Isaias dos S Reis ◽

Carolina S Nascimento ◽

Camila S Nascimento

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

N Concentration ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is the second most accumulated nutrient in rocket. This nutrient greatly affects growth, productivity and quality of the vegetable. Rocket is the second most widely grown leafy vegetable in hydroponic system; however, no studies on how N concentration in nutrient solution affects this crop can be found in literature. We studied four concentrations (79.2; 118.8; 158.4 and 237.6 mg L-1 of N) in a randomized block design with five replicates. Maximum number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass and productivity of rocket cv. ‘Folha larga’ were obtained with the highest N concentration. The rocket quality, evaluated by the nitrate content, was maximum with 210.2 mg L-1 of N and its value in the concentration which maximized productivity is in the acceptable range for vegetables; so, it is recommended to grow rocket with 237.6 mg L-1 of N in the nutrient solution.

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Rates of nitrogen and growth retardant trinexapac-ethyl on wheat

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782011001200002 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 2045-2052 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marcelo Curitiba Espindula ◽

Valterley Soares Rocha ◽

Leandro Torres de Souza ◽

Moacil Alves de Souza ◽

Marcela Campanharo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Growth Retardant ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

N Rates ◽

Nitrogen Rates

The objective in this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates in association with rates of the growth retardant trinexapac-ethyl on wheat. The experiment was conducted in Viçosa, MG and arranged in a 5×4 factorial, randomized block design, with four repetitions. A combination of five nitrogen rates (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150kg ha-1) with four rates of trinexapac-ethyl (0, 62.5, 125 and 187.5g ha-1) were tested. Trinexapac-ethyl promotes reduction of soot dry mass and grain yield at the lowest N rates, but at the highest N rates there is increase in these characteristics. The combination between N and trinexapac-ethyl rates that promotes higher shoot dry mass is 150kg ha-1 and 187g ha-1 but that promotes higher grain yield is 100kg ha-1 and 120g ha-1, respectively.

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Use of stabilization pond sludge in cultivation of roses

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/s1415-43662014000100011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jorge L. da Paixão Filho ◽

Giuliano Gabrielli ◽

Bruno Coraucci Filho ◽

Adriano L. Tonetti

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Stabilization Pond ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Rose

One option for the increasing production of sewage sludge (SS) is its agricultural use in crops with high nutritional demand, such as the rose. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the application of SS from primary stabilization pond in roses of the variety 'Carola'. For the experiment, the roses were planted in 20 L recipients using increasing doses of sludge (T2 - 12 Mg ha-1, T3 - 24 Mg ha-1 and T4 - 36 Mg ha-1), mineral fertilizer (T5) and control treatment (T1, without N) in a randomized block design. The evaluated parameters were: roots dry mass, aerial dry mass, total biomass, leaflets area and nitrogen concentration in the leaf. The SS application resulted in better development of the rose, increasing the roots and the aerial biomasses, the leaflets area, and nitrogen content in the leaves compared to the control (T1). There was no statistical difference between the use of mineral fertilizer (T5), and the SS under the highest dose (T4). With these benefits, the use in agriculture of sewage sludge derived from stabilization ponds proved to be an adequate option for its disposal.

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Nitrogen rates on the agronomic performance of second-crop corn single and intercropped with ruzigrass or showy rattlebox

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632020v5065525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

Moryb Jorge Lima da Costa Sapucay ◽

Antonio Eduardo Coelho ◽

Felipe Bratti ◽

Jorge Luiz Locatelli ◽

Luis Sangoi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

N Rates ◽

Nitrogen Rates ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

ABSTRACT Topdressing nitrogen (N) rates may alter the second-crop corn performance, and this response may vary if the corn is grown single or intercropped with grass or leguminous species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of topdressing N rates on the growth and productive performance of second-crop corn grown single or intercropped with ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) or showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with a split-plot arrangement and four replications. The plots consisted of corn grown single or intercropped with ruzigrass or showy rattlebox, while the subplots consisted of N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1). The evaluated variables were: SPAD index at R1; normalized difference vegetation index at V4 and V7; leaf area at R1; leaf and total corn dry mass at R1; grain and total corn dry mass at R6; number of ears per plant and grains per ear; 1,000-grain mass; and grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization and with topdressing of 60 kg ha-1 of N, the intercropping with U. ruziziensis reduces the growth and productive performance of second-crop corn. The topdressing N fertilization for second-crop corn intercropped with U. ruziziensis minimizes the forage competition on corn growth and provides a productive performance similar to monocropping from 120 kg ha-1 of N. The intercropping with C. spectabilis does not change the corn growth and productive performance, as well as the response to the topdressing N rates, when compared to monocropping, in the second crop cultivation.

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Heterobeltiosis in French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.)

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n8p182 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Kanwar Priyanaka ◽

Y. C. Gupta ◽

S. R. Dhiman ◽

R. K. Dogra ◽

Sharma Madhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Tagetes Patula ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Parental Material ◽

The Mean ◽

Parental Lines ◽

Better Than

The studies on heterosis were carried with four male sterile lines namely; ms7, ms8, ms9, ms10 and 18 diverse pollinators as tester by using line × tester crossing programme. The 72 F1 hybrids were produced and evaluated along with 22 parental lines during summer 2009 and rainy season 2009 in Randomized Block Design. Observations were recorded on nine quantitative traits during both the seasons. Highly significant variances for all the traits indicated the sufficient variability in the parental material for all the characters under study. The performance of F1 hybrids was much better than the mean performance of parents during both the crop seasons. Appreciable heterosis was observed in all the characters, except flower weight in summer and plant height in rainy season.

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Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000800007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1666-1675 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽

Francisco Antonio Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

System Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Root System Development ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

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MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF FORAGE CACTUS VARIETIES

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252015v28n326rc ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 230-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

PHILIPE LIMA DE AMORIM ◽

JANAINA AZEVEDO MARTUSCELLO ◽

JOSÉ TEODORICO DE ARAÚJO FILHO ◽

DANIEL DE NORONHA FIGUEIREDO VIEIRA DA CUNHA ◽

LIANA JANK

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Area Index ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT: Cultivars of the genus Nopalea are known in Brazil for being tolerant to cochineal carmine attacks, thus making the cultivation of this genus a promising alternative for mitigating the negative effects of this insect on the production of biomass. With the objectives of characterizing morphologically spineless forage cactus varieties and identify morphological characteristics that may be the focus in spineless forage cactus breeding programs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 11 treatments and four replications. The variety Alagoas showed the highest values of weight, area and volume of cladodes. The varieties Negro Michoacan F7 and V7, Tamazunchale V12 showed the highest values of the cladode area index, the total volume of cladodes and total fresh mass production. The varieties Negro Michoacan V7 and F7 presented the highest water use efficiency and dry mass yield. Cladode volume showed the highest correlation coefficients with the fresh weight of cladodes. Aiming the release of varieties for biomass production, varieties Negro Michoacan F7, V7 and Tamazunchale V12 may substitute the Miúda variety. The number and cladode area index may be used as criteria for selection of superior varieties in breeding programs.

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Drought-induced alterations in the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the relation with drought tolerance in sugar cane

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542017412029416 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 117-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Thais Ramos da Silva ◽

Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽

Samira Domingues Carlin ◽

Bruna Robiati Telles

Keyword(s):

Sugar Cane ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Plant Transpiration ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Prolonged Drought ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Although there are evidences that the proper supply of mineral nutrients to plants relieves water stress, little is known on the approach of how the drought affects the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by distinct sugar cane genotypes, or in different parts of a same plant. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the content and accumulation of N, P and K in the aerial part of plant from three genotypes of sugar cane, submitted to three water potentials in the soil, and check the relationship of these variables with the tolerance of plants to prolonged drought. In order to access this objective, an experiment under greenhouse conditions, comprised by a fatorial 3 × 3, in a randomized block design, and four replicates was carried out. After 90 days from treatment imposition, the plant transpiration rate, plant dry mass, concentration of N, P and K were determined in leaves and culms, as well as in total plant shoot were measured. It was found that tolerance to drought in sugar cane is related to higher levels of N and K in the leaves and stems, and larger accumulations of K and P in the plant shoot. There is high positive correlations among accumulation of N, P and K in the plant shoot and dry matter production by plants submitted to drought. There are intermediate correlations among plant transpiration and nutrient uptake by plants under drought. Plants of the genotype SP81-3250 are more tolerante to prolonged drought, than the RB855453 and IACSP95-5000 plants.

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