Falconiformes assemblages in a fragmented landscape of the Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil

An ecological analysis focused on distribution of Falconiformes, comprising abundance and morphology data, is provided. Samples were collected in a fragmented landscape within the Atlantic Rainforest, southern Brazil, between August and November 2001. Four main types of habitats were pinpointed among the 30 different sampling sites, while eight external morphological traits were employed. Twenty-one Falconiformes species were detected and jackknife estimates for regional richness reached 24.8 ± 2.56 species (p<0.05). There were no differences between average number of diurnal birds of prey species in the different habitats under analysis (H-test, p>0.05). Mantel's test for relative abundance and species morphology reveals weak association rates, corroborating the lack of association between matrixes (r = 0.059, p>0.05). Difficulties in the analyses of distribution and species morphology data may have been caused by their generalist character and may be due to the high rate of environment degradation revealed by the regional landscape's mosaic aspect.

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Prey consumed by Guiana dolphin Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea, Delphinidae) and franciscana dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea, Pontoporiidae) in an estuarine environment in southern Brazil

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0073-47212012000200003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 131-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Marta J. Cremer ◽

Pedro C. Pinheiro ◽

Paulo C. Simões-Lopes

Keyword(s):

Prey Species ◽

Stomach Contents ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Teleost Fishes ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Sympatric Populations ◽

Sotalia Guianensis ◽

Important Prey ◽

Pontoporia Blainvillei ◽

Lolliguncula Brevis

The present study provides information about the diet of sympatric populations of small cetaceans in the Babitonga Bay estuary. This is the first study on the diet of these species in direct sympatry. The stomach contents of seven Guiana dolphins Sotalia guianensis and eight franciscanas Pontoporia blainvillei were analyzed. The prey of both cetaceans was mostly teleost fishes, followed by cephalopods. We identified 13 teleost fishes as part of the diet of the franciscanas, and 20 as part of the diet of Guiana dolphins. Lolliguncula brevis was the only cephalopod recorded, and was the most important prey for both cetaceans. Stellifer rastrifer and Gobionellus oceanicus were also important for franciscana, so as Mugil curema and Micropogonias furnieri were important for Guiana dolphins. Stellifer rastrifer and Cetengraulis edentulus were the fishes with the highest frequency of occurrence for franciscana (50%), while Achirus lineatus, C. edentulus, S. brasiliensis, Cynoscion leiarchus, M. furnieri, M. curema, Diapterus rhombeus, Eugerres brasilianus and G. oceanicus showed 28.6% of frequency of occurrence for Guiana dolphins. Franciscanas captured greater cephalopods than the Guiana dolphins in both total length (z= -3.38; n= 40; p< 0.05) and biomass (z = -2.46; n = 40; p<0.05). All of the prey species identified occur inside the estuary, which represents a safe habitat against predators and food availability, reinforcing the importance of the Babitonga Bay for these cetacean populations.

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A new species of Paratelmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Paratelmatobiinae) from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4648.3.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4648 (3) ◽

pp. 473-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

MARCUS THADEU TEIXEIRA SANTOS ◽

SÍLVIA HELENA DE OLIVEIRA ◽

THIAGO RIBEIRO DE CARVALHO ◽

BÁRBARA FERNANDES ZAIDAN ◽

NELSON RODRIGUES DA SILVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Reproductive Activity ◽

Advertisement Call ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

A New Species

A new species of Paratelmatobius is described from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the state of Paraná in southern Brazil. Adults, tadpoles, and vocalizations are described. Morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis place the new species within the P. cardosoi group. The new species can be readily distinguished from its congeners by its advertisement call being composed of two note types and comprised of a series of 2–4 notes. The new species is classified as an explosive breeder, having reproductive activity strongly associated with heavy rainfall. This discovery highlights the importance of intensifying survey efforts in the Atlantic Forest, a domain with high levels of species richness and endemism.

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A Complete Assessment of Carbon Stocks in Above and Belowground Biomass Components of a Hybrid Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern Brazil

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10070536 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 536 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Márcio Viera ◽

Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro

Keyword(s):

Belowground Biomass ◽

C Sequestration ◽

Fine Root Biomass ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

High Rate ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Organic C ◽

Soil C ◽

Eucalyptus Plantation ◽

Understory Biomass

Hybrid eucalypt clones are grown for fiber production worldwide and to provide an ecosystem service that can store atmospheric carbon at a very fast rate. This study assessed the carbon stocks in the soil and various tree fractions in a 10-year-old plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in Southern Brazil. Four experimental plots were established, and an inventory of Eucalyptus trees was conducted by considering five diametric classes. Three trees in each diametric class were harvested for biomass and carbon quantification. The understory biomass of native trees was quantified in five subplots and the litter was quantified in 16 subplots. Organic C was quantified in the soil (SOC) and roots (diameter ≤ 0.5 cm) to a depth of 100 cm. The C concentration in the different biomass fractions of the eucalyptus trees were 55.7% (±0.6), 50.4% (±0.4), 49.5% (±0.6) and 45.4 % (±0.9) for leaves, branches, wood and bark, respectively. The C concentrations in the understory fractions were 51.4% (±1.0) for the canopy and 50.0% (±0.9) for the stem. The carbon concentration in the fine root biomass was 45.7% (±1.4). Soil C concentrations were 1.23% (±0.32), 0.97% (±0.10), 0.45% (±0.14), and 0.24% (±0.10) for depths of 0–25, 25–50, 50–75, and 75–100 cm. C was allocated in: (a) the trees (aboveground fraction = 118.45 Mg ha−1 and belowground fraction = 30.06 Mg ha−1), (b) the understory = 1.44 Mg ha−1, (c) the litter = 8.34 Mg ha−1, and (d) the soil (without roots) = 99.7 Mg ha−1. The share of total C stock (a + b + c + d = 258.0 Mg ha−1) was similar in the aboveground (49.7%) and belowground (50.3%) fractions, thus indicating a very high rate of C sequestration in the biomass. Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil are fast growing (for this study = 36.7 m³ ha−1 year−1) and contribute to intense carbon sequestration in above and belowground biomass (14.8 Mg ha−1 year−1).

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Taxonomy and Natural History of Strumigenys thaxteri Wheeler and Strumigenys reticeps (Kempf) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4438.1.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4438 (1) ◽

pp. 137 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

JOHN E. LATTKE ◽

THIAGO S. R. DA SILVA ◽

THIBAUT DELSINNE

Keyword(s):

Morphological Traits ◽

Dense Body ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Ground Level ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

The West ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Frequent Use ◽

History Of ◽

High Resolution Images

We report finding Strumigenys thaxteri Wheeler in the Amazonian foothills of southeastern Ecuador, over 2000 km to the west of previously known records for the species in Trinidad and Guyana. Field observations suggest it is a sit and wait ambush predator that captures insects that alight on the vegetation upon which they position themselves. Once prey is subdued they descend with it to ground level, where they presumably nest. Their massive mandibles, robust claws, dense body cover of long silky hairs, and sting may all contribute to detecting, trapping, and subduing larger sized, flying prey. This type of predation is hitherto unreported for the genus. Strumigenys reticeps (Kempf), an apparently closely related species from southern Brazil, may share the same behavior but its key morphological traits are of a lesser degree of development than in S. thaxteri. Both species are redescribed and their morphological variability is discussed. High resolution images of both species are provided. The more frequent use of vegetation beating for ant-collecting is urged. Strumigenys lojanensis Lattke & Aguirre is synonymized as a junior synonym of S. onorei Baroni Urbani & De Andrade.

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Evolution and presence of diurnal predatory birds in the Carpathian Basin

Ornis Hungarica ◽

10.1515/orhu-2018-0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 102-123

Author(s):

Jenő Eugen Kessler

Keyword(s):

Prey Species ◽

Carpathian Basin ◽

Birds Of Prey ◽

Extinct Species ◽

The World ◽

Recent Species ◽

Predatory Birds

Abstract The author describes the presence of the oldest extinct diurnal birds of prey species in the world and fossilized representatives of different families, as well as the presence of recent species in the Carpathian Basin among fossilized remains. In case of ospreys, one of the oldest known materials is classified as a new extinct species named Pandion pannonicus. The text is supplemented by a plate and a size chart.

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Five Independent Lineages Revealed by Integrative Taxonomy in the Dendropsophus nanus–Dendropsophus walfordi Species Complex

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13110522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 522

Author(s):

Karin Seger ◽

Bernardo da Veiga Teixeira ◽

Fabiane Annibale ◽

Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres ◽

Albertina Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maximum Parsimony ◽

Species Complex ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Integrative Taxonomy ◽

Species Group ◽

Mitochondrial Genes ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Bayesian Analyses ◽

The Many

One of the many taxonomic challenges found in the Dendropsophus microcephalus species group is the Dendropsophus walfordi distinction from D. nanus. Recent phylogenetic inferences have indicated the paraphyly of these species, although they were not designed to assess this issue. To contribute to the delimitation of these species, we analyzed the 12S, 16S and COI mitochondrial genes, the morphological traits, and the advertisement calls of specimens from northern Amazonia to Argentina, including the type localities of D. nanus and D. walfordi. Paraphyly of D. nanus with respect to D. walfordi was inferred by maximum-parsimony and Bayesian analyses, and five major clades exhibiting nonoverlapping geographic distributions were recognized. The bPTP and ABGD analyses supported the existence of five independently evolving lineages in this complex. Acoustic and morphological data clearly distinguished the clade that included the topotypes of D. walfordi from the others, corroborating the validity of this species. To avoid the paraphyly of D. nanus with respect to D. walfordi, we recognize the clade distributed from central-southern Brazil to Argentina as D. nanus, the clade distributed in Amazonia as D. walfordi, and discuss the existence of unnamed cryptic species closely related to D. nanus and D. walfordi.

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Juvenile Delinquency and Child Pedestrian Accidents: An Ecological Analysis

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125890693-240 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (3-2) ◽

pp. 1281-1282

Author(s):

Christopher Bagley ◽

Kathleen Kufeldt

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Delinquency ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Social Problems ◽

Demographic Data ◽

High Rate ◽

Western Canada ◽

Ecological Analysis ◽

Pedestrian Accidents

Data on child pedestrian and cycle accidents and on juvenile delinquency were expressed as population-adjusted rates and covaried with social and demographic data for 120 districts in Calgary, Western Canada. Earlier results were confirmed, in that high rate areas on the indicators employed tended to coincide, identifying particular urban areas with high rates of many types of social problems.

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Ontogenetic niche feeding partitioning in juvenile of white sea catfish Genidens barbus in estuarine environments, southern Brazil

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315408002403 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 839-848 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Manuel Mendoza-Carranza ◽

João Paes Vieira

Keyword(s):

Prey Species ◽

White Sea ◽

Prey Size ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Large Fish ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Predator Prey ◽

Feeding Groups ◽

Regression Quantile

Ontogenetic diet changes (prey species richness and size) in juveniles of white sea catfish (Genidens barbus) were tested in three southern Brazilian estuaries: Mampituba (29°12′S), Tramandaí (30°02′S), Chuí (33°44′S). Cluster analysis revealed that white sea catfish juvenile populations in the three estuaries are composed of two feeding groups. These two feeding groups are coincident with a bimodal size–age distribution of the juveniles of white sea catfish. In small catfish (5 to 10 cm TL) copepods were the most numerous prey (Chuí = 86.66%N, Tramandaí = 85.52%N and Mampituba = 52.34%N). In large catfish (10 to 20 cm TL) the most abundant and frequent prey was fish (Chuí: 73.19%N and 74.56%FO; Tramandaí: 85.92%N and 73.33%FO; Mampituba: 52.34%N and 61.54%FO). The Morisita overlap index among small and large fish was low in all estuaries; high values of Morisita's similarity index were observed among same size catfish groups. In all cases, no differences were observed among prey bio-volume curves of same size predator groups (small, F = 0.41, P = 0.65; large, F = 2.19, P = 0.11). In all estuaries, prey size increased significantly with increasing predator size. The 90th regression quantile estimated with most precision the predator–prey size relationship.

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