Fish silage in black bass (Micropterus Salmoides) feed as an alternative to fish meal

The objective of this study was to use the residues of fermented sardine to elaborate the acid fish silage and its use in feed for aquaculture. Biological assay was performed by feeding largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fingerlings (initial weight 22g), with extruded diets (41% crude protein; 3,600 kcal/kg digestible energy) containing 0.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, or 15.0% of fish silage in partial substitution to the fish meal. The feed conversion ratio and weight gain for the treatments were: 1.26 and 15.76g; 1.11 and 17.07g; 1.19 and 17.81g; 1.18 and 19.83g; 1.47 and 14.64g, respectively. No significant differences (P<0.05) were detected among the treatments. Results indicated that it was possible to use up to 15% of acid fish silage as partial substitute for fish meal in the formulation of carnivorous fish feed.

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The effect of variation of protein quality and protein level in diets on the performance of young pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100034188 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 185-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. S. Jones ◽

W. R. Hepburn ◽

A. Cadenhead ◽

A. W. Boyne

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Protein Level ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Groundnut Meal

1. A feeding trial was conducted on 64 individually-fed pigs given diets varying in crude protein content, and containing as a protein supplement either white-fish meal or groundnut meal alone, or groundnut meal with L-lysine monohydrochloride or DL-methionine or both.2. Daily live-weight gain and feed conversion ratio of pigs given diets containing fish meal were best when the diet provided 18% crude protein on an air-dry basis (15·7% white-fish meal).3. Additions of L-lysine monohydrochloride to a diet providing 18% crude protein and containing 21% groundnut meal as the main source of protein produced highly significant (P<0·001) improvements in daily gain and feed conversion ratio and these measures were not significantly different from those of pigs given the control (fish meal) diet which provided similar total lysine and crude protein levels. The white-fish meal diet containing 18% crude protein produced pigs whose half carcasses were of higher specific gravity (P<0·05) and rib cuts with more protein and less fat (each P<0·05) than did the groundnut meal diet at the same protein level.4. DL-methionine did not significantly affect live-weight gain, feed conversion, fat or protein content of the rib cut or the specific gravity of the half carcass.5. Pigs on a 12% crude protein diet containing groundnut meal supplemented with lysine grew at the same rate as pigs on an 18% crude protein diet in which no lysine supplement was added to the groundnut meal. Their rib cuts contained more protein and less fat.

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The Potency of Bifidobacterium spp. as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Feed Conversion Ratio, Feed Efficiency, and Nutrient Intake in Laying Hens

Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University ◽

10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 281-290

Author(s):

Andreas Berny Yulianto ◽

Anam Al Arif ◽

Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Growth Promoters

This article describes a new idea about using Bifidobacteriumsp isolates as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, based on the ability of Bifidobacteriumsp isolates, which have the potential as a probiotic in laying hens. This study aims to prove that Bifobacteriumsp could improve production performance, including feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and nutrient intake (feed intake, crude protein intake, crude fiber intake, lipid intake, and organic matter). A total of 150 laying hens at 25 weeks of age were divided into three groups (P0: control, P1: 0.1% antibiotic growth promoters, P1: 0.05% Bifidobacterium spp. probiotic) and fed on a basal diet containing 2750 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 18% crude protein for four weeks. The different supplementation to the basal diets showed significant differences (p<0.05) on feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, feed intake, crude protein intake, crude fiber intake, lipid intake, and organic matter intake among the treatments. However, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, crude protein intake, crude fiber intake, lipid intake, and organic matter intake were lowest in the group fed with 0.5% of Bifidobacterium spp. The highest feed efficiency was obtained from the groups fed with 0.5% of Bifidobacterium spp, compared with the control and supplemented antibiotics growth promoters group. 0.5% of Bifidobacterium spp. supplementation to the diet of laying hens is beneficial for increasing feed efficiency and improving feed conversion ratio. The practical and theoretical significance of the results is that Bifidobacterium spp. can be used to improve production performance in laying hens.

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Effect of fermented rice bran flour in artificial feed on survival rate and feed conversion ratio of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia ◽

10.32491/jii.v21i3.591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 267-276

Author(s):

Surianti Surianti ◽

Hasrianti Hasrianti ◽

Wahyudi Wahyudi ◽

Muh Irwan

Keyword(s):

Rice Bran ◽

Survival Data ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

A Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Average Size

Tilapia cultivation has the potential to be developed in Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi. However, the obstacle faced in tilapia cultivation is feed; the price is relatively high because the raw materials are still imported. One of the efforts to overcome dependence on imported feed raw materials is using local raw materials, namely rice bran. This study aims to determine the best type of probiotic in hydrolyzing rice bran flour into artificial feed on survival and conversion ratio of tilapia fish feed. This research was conducted in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The test animals used were tilapia larvae with an average size of 1.03 g. The maintenance container is a tarpaulin pond with a size of 1 m x 1 m x 1 m filled with 85 L of freshwater. The study was designed using a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and three replications. The fermenting materials used as treatment were Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Aspergillus nigers, Yeast (Acetobacter). The test feed was given to 20 tilapia larvae stocked in each container for 60 days of rearing. The survival data and feed conversion ratio for tilapia were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that tilapia fed fermented rice bran feed using the fermenter Lactobacillus sp. had a significant effect on survival (SR) with a value of 85% and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of tilapia with a value of 2.23.

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Effect of dietary protein on the growth of mullet, Chelon labrosus, reared in sea cages

Archives of Polish Fisheries ◽

10.1515/aopf-2017-0015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 157-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammet Altunok ◽

Osman Özden

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Grey Mullet ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Chelon Labrosus

Abstract The purpose of the study was to obtain preliminary data on the effect of dietary protein on the growth of the thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) juveniles reared in net sea-cages. The juveniles (6.2 ± 0.61 g) were obtained from the wild and were stocked into net sea-cages at a stocking rate of 100 juveniles per cubic meter and fed with experimental diets including 25, 30, or 35% crude protein for 87 days. The highest mean weight and specific growth rate (SGR) were 39.5 g and 2.13% day−1, respectively, at protein levels of 30%. The diet also resulted in the most efficient feed conversion ratio of 1.61.

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Pengaruh Suplementasi Ampas Tahu, Ampas Tempe dan Ampas Kecap dalam Ransum Terhadap Performan Domba Lokal Jantan

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.5.1.1-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eka Handayanta

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this research to determine the effect of supplementation of tofu. tempe, and soy sauce waste in ration on male local sheep performance. This research was carried out during three month, take place on July until October 200E in Minifarm Dept. of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, located in Jatikuwung. Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. It used 12 male local sheeps with average body weight of 15.86 ±0.93 kg, divided into four treatments and three replications, each replication consist of one sheep. The ration consisted of king grass only as basal diet, as many as four percent base on body weight. The treatment given is in the form of feed supplement, that namely without supplement (RO), 250 gram tofu waste (R1), 250 gram tempe waste (R2), and 250 gram soy sauce waste (R3). The data variables collected were feed consumption, dry and organic matter digestibility, crude protein consumption, energy consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. All of data except average daily gain was analyzed by completely randomized design one way classification. While average daily gain was analyzed by covariance analyze. The result were significant followed by Duncan new multiple range test. The result showed that average of R0, RI, R2 and R3 for feed consumption 430.52; 720.44; 704.44; 549.08 gram/day, dry matter digestibility (%) 61,07; 72,46; 69,68: 63,60, organic matter digestibility (%) 64,41: 74,94; 72.41; 64,7 1, crude protein consumption 47.66; 106.77; 85.83; 73.70 gram/day, energy consumption 281.82; 482.65; 432.67; 330.83 gram/day, average daily gain 50.00.1X00: 116.19; 38.10 gram/day and feed conversion ratio 8.74; 5.61; 6.06; 15.2. The result of variance analyze showed that feed supplementation have highly significant effect (P<0.01) on all of the data variable colected. Conclusion of this research was supplementation of tofu waste and tempe waste could improved performance, while soy sauce waste could not improved the performance of male local sheep. Key words : sheep, tofu waste, tempe waste, soy sauce waste, performance

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Feed Characteristics Alter Growth Efficiency of Cutthroat Trout

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management ◽

10.3996/052014-jfwm-042 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 83-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brian R. Ham ◽

Christopher A. Myrick ◽

Frederic T. Barrows ◽

Carl J. Yeoman ◽

Glenn C. Duff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutthroat Trout ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

The Other ◽

Snake River ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Feeding Trial ◽

Westslope Cutthroat Trout ◽

Fish Tank

Abstract Hatchery-cultured cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii fed some commercially available rainbow trout feeds display slow growth and increased mortality. Feed characteristics such as buoyancy and texture alter feed acceptance in some fish species, but their effects have not been adequately addressed in cutthroat trout. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether feed structure and behavior preferences explain the decreased hatchery performance of juvenile cutthroat trout. To achieve this, we conducted two feeding trials in which we fed Westslope cutthroat trout O. clarkii lewisi and Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout O. clarkii behnkei a single diet formulation manufactured to display four different characteristics (floating, sinking, semimoist pellets, or a flake feed) and compared consumption, weight gain, and survival. In the first feeding trial, we stocked Westslope cutthroat trout (initial weight 11.3 g ± 0.5 g) at 20 fish/tank. We used two different sizes of tanks, with four replicate small tanks (54-L) and two replicate large tanks (96-L) per feed type. Results of the first trial demonstrated a significant effect of feed type but not tank size on weight gain of Westslope cutthroat trout with no interaction. Westslope cutthroat trout fed the flake feed gained less weight than did fish fed any of the other feed types. Feed conversion ratio was affected by both feed type and tank size with no interaction. In a second feeding trial, Snake River cutthroat trout (initial weight 19.5 g ± 0.5 g) were stocked at 20 fish/tank in 96-L tanks with four replicate tanks per feed type. Results of the second trial demonstrated that Snake River cutthroat trout fed the flake feed grew less, had higher feed conversion ratio, elevated hepatosomatic index, and reduced muscle ratio compared with fish fed the other feeds. Results demonstrate that flake feeds are not adequate for cutthroat trout at this life stage. However, additional research is needed to address other culture-related limitations because only minor differences between fish fed other feed types were detected.

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A Meta-Analysis Approach toward Fish Meal Replacement with Fermented Soybean Meal: Effects on Fish Growth Performance and Feed Conversion Ratio

Asian Fisheries Science ◽

10.33997/j.afs.2017.30.4.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

Author(s):

ROMI NOVRIADI

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Fish Growth ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Fermented Soybean Meal ◽

Fish Meal Replacement

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Studies on the growth and carcass composition in Daldale wether lambs. 2. The effect of dietary protein/energy ratio

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9870417 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 417 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

o Soeparn ◽

HL Davies

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

High Energy ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Energy Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Total N ◽

Low Protein ◽

Protein Energy

Two experiments on the effect of dietary protein/energy ration on growth and carcass composition in Daldale wether lambs were carried out.In experiment 1, two groups of eight lambs in each group were fed in pens at a restricted intake (30 g air-dry feed per kg liveweight) either on a high protein/high energy diet (HP/HER) (20.7% crude protein) or on a low protein/high energy diet (LP/HER) (10.3% crude protein). The lambs were grown from 24.8 kg liveweight until slaughter at 37.5 kg. In experiment 2, two groups of eight lambs in each group were fed in pens a pelleted diet ad libitum, either on a high protein/high energy ration (HP/HEA) or on a low protein/high energy ratio (LP/HEA). The lambs were grown from 22.0 � 0.8 kg liveweight until slaughter at 37.5 kg. Those lambs on the HP/HE diets grew significantly faster than their counterparts on the LP/HE diets. Accordingly, animals given the HP/HE diets showed a superior feed conversion ratio than animals given the LP/HE diets. Despite these differences, there was no overall differences between treatments either at restricted or at ad libitum intake in the weight of carcass, the dressing percentage, and in the chemical composition of the carcass. In general, the carcasses produced contained a similar amount of fat (30.6%-32.9% of carcass). It was concluded that varying protein to energy ratio in diets affected liveweight gain and feed conversion ratio, but did not affect carcass composition.An experiment was conducted on the diets to investigate some aspects of digestion in the stomach and intestines at the two levels of crude protein.Dietary crude protein level had little effect upon the apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre in the whole tract, the proportion of NDF digested in the stomach, the total volatile fatty acid concentration (VFA) in the rumen and the proportions of individual VFA.The flow of rates of digesta from the rumen and abomasum were also similar for the two diets. However, the proportion of the total digestion of OM occurring in the stomach decreased, while the flow of total N and crude protein (CP) (total N minus ammonia N x 6.25) to the intestines and the amounts of N and CP digested therein was higher on the HP diet.The data from the digestion experiment showed that the amount of digestible CP in the intestines per unit of digestible OM intake did not affect carcass composition.

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Attractants in plant protein-based diets for the carnivorous largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162004000300015 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 326-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ana Maria Barretto de Menezes Sampaio de Oliveira ◽

José Eurico Possebon Cyrino

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Largemouth Bass ◽

Micropterus Salmoides ◽

Control Diet ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Plant Protein ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Feed Conversion

Adding attractants can improve acceptability of artificial diets by carnivorous fish fry and fingerlings, increasing intake of unpalatable feeds and improving growth rate, while reducing feeding time and feeding wastes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of levels of inclusion of different attractants in plant protein-based diets on the performance of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Nine hundred juvenile largemouth bass (26.54 ± 1.53 g) conditioned to accept dry, artificial feed were stocked in 60, 90-L polyethylene tanks (15 fish per group) in a completely randomized design trial (n=3). Fish were fed two daily meals ad libitum at 7h00 and 17h00, for 13 days, with a diet (100% plant protein source) containing either soluble fish protein - SFP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0%); FisharonTM - FA (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12%); fish silage - FS (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0%); a positive control diet - pCD (10% fish meal) and a negative control diet - nCD (basal diet without attractants). DL-methionine (98%) and L-lysine (80%) were added automatically by the formulation software to adjust available amino-acid profile of diets. Recorded performance data were: final weight, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Fish fed diet FA0.02 presented the best growth rate, best weight gain and best feed conversion ratio. Fish fed diets containing FS as attractant presented the poorest performance.

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Nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chickens fed processed tropical sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia (L.)) seed meal based-diets

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1704371c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 371-384

Author(s):

Augustine Clement ◽

Kwari Dankasa ◽

Igwebuike Uchei ◽

Adamu Bala ◽

Diarra Siaka

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Senna Obtusifolia

The eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broiler chickens fed raw or processed Senna obtusifolia seed meal (SOSM). Six experimental diets were compounded to contain 0% SOSM and 20% each of the raw, boiled, soaked, sprouted and fermented SOSM respectively. Two hundred and sixteen (216) broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six (6) dietary treatments in a randomised complete block design with three (3) replicates containing 12 chicks each. Data were collected on nutrient digestibility, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. The result of productive performance indicated that feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P<0.05) depressed in broiler chickens fed raw, soaked and sprouted Senna obtusifolia seed meal. However, broiler chickens fed fermented SOSM showed better (P<0.05) productive performance that was close to those fed the positive control diet (0% SOSM). The mortality rate did not reveal any particular trend. However, the low mortality rate recorded in the different treatments indicated broiler chicken can tolerate up to 20% of either raw or processed SOSM. Broiler chickens fed raw SOSM recorded lower values for dry matter (63.06%), crude protein (52.46%), ether extract (53.88%), crude fibre (30.72%) and nitrogen-free extract (46.11%) digestibility than those fed the other processed SOSM. The nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed fermented SOSM was significantly (P<0.05) better followed by those fed boiled Senna obtusifolia seed meal. For instance, broiler chickens fed fermented Senna obtusifolia seed meal recorded the highest crude protein and ether extract of 69.91 and 70.03% compared to the other processing methods. It can be concluded that 20% fermented SOSM can be incorporated in the diets of broiler chickens with acceptable depreciation in biological performance. Slightly lower levels of boiled SOSM can be included in the diet of broiler chickens but the levels should be ascertained in further studies.

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