scholarly journals Acetylsalicylic acid and morphology of red blood cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Natan Grinapel Frydman ◽  
Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca ◽  
Vanessa Câmara da Rocha ◽  
Monica Oliveira Benarroz ◽  
Gabrielle de Souza Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
In Vivo Treatment ◽  
Microscopy Data

This work evaluated the effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with ASA on the morphology of the red blood cells. Blood samples or Wistar rats were treated with ASA for one hour. Blood samples or animals treated with saline were used as control group. Blood smears were prepared, fixed, stained and the qualitative and quantitative morphology of red blood cells were evaluated under optical microscopy. Data showed that the in vitro treatment for one hour with ASA at higher dose used significantly (p<0.05) modified the perimeter/area ratio of the red blood cells. No morphological alterations were obtained with the in vivo treatment. ASA use at highest doses could interfere on shape of red blood cells.

Ultrastructural observations on the in vitro cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
D.J.P. Ferguson ◽  
A.R. Berendt ◽  
J. Tansey ◽  
K. Marsh ◽  
C.I. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Cytoplasmic Process ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

In human malaria, the most serious clinical manifestation is cerebral malaria (CM) due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of CM is thought to relate to the fact that red blood cells containing mature forms of the parasite (PRBC) cytoadhere or sequester to post capillary venules of various tissues including the brain. This in vivo phenomenon has been studied in vitro by examining the cytoadherence of PRBCs to various cell types and purified proteins. To date, three Ijiost receptor molecules have been identified; CD36, ICAM-1 and thrombospondin. The specific changes in the PRBC membrane which mediate cytoadherence are less well understood, but they include the sub-membranous deposition of electron-dense material resulting in surface deformations called knobs. Knobs were thought to be essential for cytoadherence, lput recent work has shown that certain knob-negative (K-) lines can cytoadhere. In the present study, we have used electron microscopy to re-examine the interactions between K+ PRBCs and both C32 amelanotic melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).We confirm previous data demonstrating that C32 cells possess numerous microvilli which adhere to the PRBC, mainly via the knobs (Fig. 1). In contrast, the HUVEC were relatively smooth and the PRBCs appeared partially flattened onto the cell surface (Fig. 2). Furthermore, many of the PRBCs exhibited an invagination of the limiting membrane in the attachment zone, often containing a cytoplasmic process from the endothelial cell (Fig. 2).

scholarly journals Multimodal Diagnostics of Microrheologic Alterations in Blood of Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetic Patients

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Anastasia Maslianitsyna ◽  
Petr Ermolinskiy ◽  
Andrei Lugovtsov ◽  
Alexandra Pigurenko ◽  
Maria Sasonko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Significant Difference

Coronary heart disease (CHD) has serious implications for human health and needs to be diagnosed as early as possible. In this article in vivo and in vitro optical methods are used to study blood properties related to the aggregation of red blood cells in patients with CHD and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results show not only a significant difference of the aggregation in patients compared to healthy people, but also a correspondence between in vivo and in vitro parameters. Red blood cells aggregate in CHD patients faster and more numerously; in particular the aggregation index increases by 20 ± 7%. The presence of T2DM also significantly elevates aggregation in CHD patients. This work demonstrates multimodal diagnostics and monitoring of patients with socially significant pathologies.

Clock gene-independent daily regulation of haemoglobin oxidation in red blood cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Beale ◽  
Priya Crosby ◽  
Utham K. Valekunja ◽  
Rachel S. Edgar ◽  
Johanna E. Chesham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body

AbstractCellular circadian rhythms confer daily temporal organisation upon behaviour and physiology that is fundamental to human health and disease. Rhythms are present in red blood cells (RBCs), the most abundant cell type in the body. Being naturally anucleate, RBC circadian rhythms share key elements of post-translational, but not transcriptional, regulation with other cell types. The physiological function and developmental regulation of RBC circadian rhythms is poorly understood, however, partly due to the small number of appropriate techniques available. Here, we extend the RBC circadian toolkit with a novel biochemical assay for haemoglobin oxidation status, termed “Bloody Blotting”. Our approach relies on a redox-sensitive covalent haem-haemoglobin linkage that forms during cell lysis. Formation of this linkage exhibits daily rhythms in vitro, which are unaffected by mutations that affect the timing of circadian rhythms in nucleated cells. In vivo, haemoglobin oxidation rhythms demonstrate daily variation in the oxygen-carrying and nitrite reductase capacity of the blood, and are seen in human subjects under controlled laboratory conditions as well as in freely-behaving humans. These results extend our molecular understanding of RBC circadian rhythms and suggest they serve an important physiological role in gas transport.

scholarly journals Antagonists of the system L neutral amino acid transporter (LAT) promote endothelial adhesivity of human red blood cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (07) ◽  
pp. 1402-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Beth Mann Dosier ◽  
Vikram J. Premkumar ◽  
Hongmei Zhu ◽  
Izzet Akosman ◽  
Michael F. Wempe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Neutral Amino Acid ◽  
Neutral Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
System L

SummaryThe system L neutral amino acid transporter (LAT; LAT1, LAT2, LAT3, or LAT4) has multiple functions in human biology, including the cellular import of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), biologically active derivatives of nitric oxide (NO). SNO formation by haemoglobin within red blood cells (RBC) has been studied, but the conduit whereby a SNO leaves the RBC remains unidentified. Here we hypothesised that SNO export by RBCs may also depend on LAT activity, and investigated the role of RBC LAT in modulating SNO-sensitive RBC-endothelial cell (EC) adhesion. We used multiple pharmacologic inhibitors of LAT in vitro and in vivo to test the role of LAT in SNO export from RBCs and in thereby modulating RBC-EC adhesion. Inhibition of human RBC LAT by type-1-specific or nonspecific LAT antagonists increased RBC-endothelial adhesivity in vitro, and LAT inhibitors tended to increase post-transfusion RBC sequestration in the lung and decreased oxygenation in vivo. A LAT1-specific inhibitor attenuated SNO export from RBCs, and we demonstrated LAT1 in RBC membranes and LAT1 mRNA in reticulocytes. The proadhesive effects of inhibiting LAT1 could be overcome by supplemental L-CSNO (S-nitroso-L-cysteine), but not D-CSNO or L-Cys, and suggest a basal anti-adhesive role for stereospecific intercellular SNO transport. This study reveals for the first time a novel role of LAT1 in the export of SNOs from RBCs to prevent their adhesion to ECs. The findings have implications for the mechanisms of intercellular SNO signalling, and for thrombosis, sickle cell disease, and post-storage RBC transfusion, when RBC adhesivity is increased.

Blood Volumes of Dairy Calves Comparing Cr51-Tagged Red Blood Cells and T-1824 Plasma Dilution Methods

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Ruth Stahl ◽  
Homer E. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Computation Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Whole Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Volumes

In a repeated study on 17 dairy calves, T-1824 dye plasma dilution showed significantly higher blood volumes than were found by any other technique or computation method using Cr51-tagged red blood cells. Five blood samples taken at 20-minute intervals after injection showed consistent decrease in radioactivity count from the first to the last sample, indicating greater accuracy in radioactivity dilution regressed to zero time figures than in average counts of several postinjection samples. In vitro studies suggest a loss of Cr51 from red blood cells to plasma after saline washings are Cr-free. Percentage blood volumes computed from whole blood samples of calves injected with Cr51-tagged red blood cells decreased in a straight line relationship with increase of body weight. Percentage plasma and whole blood volumes estimated with the T-1824 dye technique decreased regularly with body weight increase until a second determination was made when there was a rapid rise nearly to the level of the smallest calves, followed by another regular decrease with increase in weight. It is suggested that repeated dye injections do not always measure the same space. Regressed values of five whole blood samples taken at 20-minute intervals after injection of Cr51 tagged red blood cells gave more consistent blood volume determinations than either the weighed red cells or the plasma dye dilutions of the same samples.

Decarboxylation of Radioactive DOPA by Erythrocytes in Schizophrenia

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (545) ◽  
pp. 465-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngo Tran ◽  
Marcel Laplante ◽  
Etienne Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Chamber Method ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells

The decarboxylation of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (Dopa) to dopamine has been shown previously in animal and human tissues in both in vitro and in vivo studies (Sourkes, 1966; Vogel et al., 1970). However, very little information is available as to whether or not the decarboxylation of Dopa occurs in human red blood cells (RBC). In the present experiment we demonstrated this change in RBC from normals and from schizophrenics. An ionization chamber method was used for an instantaneous and continuous measurement of 14CO2 production from DL-dopa-carboxyl-14C by RBC in vitro.

scholarly journals Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum treatment on radiolabeling of blood bonstituents and morphology of red blood cells in Wistar rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (spe) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Oliveira Benarroz ◽  
Gabrielle de Souza Rocha ◽  
Márcia Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Mauro Geller ◽  
Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Transport Of Ions ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in vivo treatment with an aqueous cinnamon extract on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc and on the morphology of red blood cells from Wistar rats. Animals were treated with cinnamon extract at different doses and for different periods of time. As controls, animals treated with 0.9% NaCl. Labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc was performed. Plasma, blood cells and insoluble fractions were isolated. Radioactivity in each fraction was counted and the percentage of radioactivity (%ATI) was calculated. Also, blood smears were prepared to morphological analysis of red blood cells from. Data showed that in vivo cinnamon extract did not significantly (p>0.05) modify the %ATI of blood constituents and morphology of red blood cells. The results suggest that in vivo aqueous cinnamon could not affect the membrane structures involved in transport of ions or the oxidation state of stannous and pertechnetate ions.

scholarly journals Babesia duncani as a model organism to study the development, virulence and drug susceptibility of intraerythrocytic parasites in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choukri Mamoun ◽  
Anasuya C. Pal ◽  
Isaline Renard ◽  
Pallavi Singh ◽  
Pratap Vydyam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Human Babesiosis

Hematozoa are a subclass of protozoan parasites that invade and develop within vertebrate red blood cells to cause the pathological symptoms associated with diseases of both medical and veterinary importance such as malaria and babesiosis. A major limitation in the study of the most prominent hematozoa, Plasmodium spp, the causative agents of malaria, is the lack of a broadly accessible mouse model to evaluate parasite infection in vivo as is the case for P. falciparum or altogether the lack of an in vitro culture and mouse models as is the case for P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale. Similarly, no in vitro culture system exists for Babesia microti, the predominant agent of human babesiosis. In this study, we show that human red blood cells infected with the human pathogen Babesia duncani continuously propagated in culture, as well as merozoites purified from parasite cultures, can cause lethal infection in immunocompetent C3H/HeJ mice. Furthermore, highly reproducible parasitemia and survival outcomes were established using specific parasite loads and different mouse genetic backgrounds. Using the combined in culturein mouse (ICIM) model of B. duncani infection, we demonstrate that current recommended combination therapies for the treatment of human babesiosis, while synergistic in cell culture, have weak potency in vitro and failed to clear infection or prevent death in mice. Interestingly, using the ICIM model, we identified two new endochin-like quinolone prodrugs, ELQ-331 and ELQ468, that alone or in combination with atovaquone are highly efficacious against B. duncani and B. microti. The novelty, ease of use and scalability of the B. duncani ICIM dual model make it an ideal system to study intraerythrocytic parasitism by protozoa, unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying parasite virulence and pathogenesis, and accelerate the development of innovative therapeutic strategies that could be translated to unculturable parasites and important pathogens for which an animal model is lacking.

scholarly journals A new in vitro assay for carbon dioxide excretion by trout red blood cells: effects of catecholamines

1991 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Wood ◽  
S. F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Time Course ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Co2 Excretion

A new in vitro assay was developed and critically characterized to measure the rate of CO2 excretion by trout red blood cells (RBCs) from HCO3- in their natural plasma under normal in vivo conditions of acid-base status. The assay is based on the addition of [14C]bicarbonate to the whole blood and collection of the resultant 14CO2 in the overlying gas phase. The assay simulates the exposure of blood passing through the gills, and measured CO2 excretion rates are representative of those occurring in vivo. Rates are linear over the 3 min time course of the assay, related to haematocrit in a non-linear fashion, elevated by the addition of carbonic anhydrase, reduced by blockade with acetazolamide, and sensitive to variations of equilibration PCO2. Large variations in plasma [HCO3-] have only a small effect on CO2 excretion rates when the blood is chronically equilibrated at these levels. Acute elevations in [HCO3-], however, create a non-equilibrium situation, resulting in large increases in CO2 excretion. When the blood is acidified, to duplicate typical post-exercise metabolic acidosis, adrenaline causes a marked inhibition of RBC CO2 excretion. The response is transient, reaching a peak 5–8 min after addition of adrenaline and disappearing by 30–60 min. The magnitude of the adrenergic inhibition is correlated with the magnitude of the RBC pHi regulatory response, expressed as the RBC transmembrane pH difference (pHe-pHi). These results support the ‘CO2 retention theory’ explaining observed increases in blood PCO2 in vivo after exhaustive exercise and catecholamine infusions in fish.

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