Changes in gut gross morphology of traíra, Hoplias malabaricus (Teleostei, Erythrinidae) during long-term starvation and after refeeding

Adult traíra (Hoplias malabaricus) were submitted to different periods of food deprivation (from 30 to 240 days) and refed for 30 days after 90 and 240 days of starvation. Stomach length remained constant during all the experimental period. However, the intestine length was significantly reduced after 30 days of food deprivation. Normal length was not recovered after refeeding. The number of pyloric caeca did not change significantly. Conversely, caeca thickness decreased after 150 days of starvation and their length decreased after 180 days. After refeeding, however, the pyloric caeca recovered original thickness. In fish refed after 240 days of starvation the length of these structures seemed to present compensatory growth, becoming longer than in the control group.

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Effects of Food Deprivation Duration on the Behavior and Metabolism of Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

Fishes ◽

10.3390/fishes6040058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Fengyuan Shen ◽

Zonghang Zhang ◽

Yiqiu Fu ◽

Zhen Zhang ◽

Xin Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Deprivation ◽

Personality Assessment ◽

Behavioral Assessment ◽

Standard Metabolic Rate ◽

Control Group ◽

Black Rockfish ◽

Swimming Time ◽

Sebastes Schlegelii ◽

Food Shortages

Fish often undergo food shortages in nature, especially for juveniles that are relatively vulnerable in most aspects. Therefore, the effects of food deprivation on fish behavior and physiology are worth exploring. Here, we investigated the behavioral and metabolic adaptations of the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii to different durations of food deprivation. In this study, three treatments were set: control group, short-term food deprivation (STFD) group, and long-term food deprivation (LTFD) group. The rearing lasted for six weeks. During this period, videos were recorded three times per week to assess the locomotor activity and aggression. After this, the fishes’ boldness, neophobia, and aggressiveness were assessed using different behavioral assessment devices, while the standard metabolic rate (SMR) was measured by flow-type respirometry. In general, the values of the four indicators (swimming time, the number of turns, movement number, and attack number) for the STFD group were significantly higher than those for the control and LTFD group during the same period of rearing. In a subsequent personality assessment, the STFD group was observed to be significantly bolder in an assessment measuring boldness than the control and LTFD group (indicated by time in the circle, swimming time, number of times through the circle, and frequency in the circle). The LTFD group was observed to be more exploratory in the assessment of neophobia (indicated by duration in the exploratory area, distance from novelty item, and frequency of stay in the exploratory area). Indeed, the LTFD group was observed to be significantly less aggressive in the assessment of aggressiveness than the control and STFD group (indicated by attack number, attack range frequency, first attack, and winner). SMR was noted to be significantly higher in the STFD group than in the control and LTFD group. In conclusion, this study firstly reported the effects of food deprivation duration on the personalities of black rockfish, as well as the behavioral and physiological mechanisms. Thus, we hope to provide insights into the work of stock enhancement.

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The effect of iodine and strumigens long-term foodborne intake on histometrical parameters of thyroid gland in gimmers

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201361051365 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 1365-1369

Author(s):

Zdeněk Peksa ◽

Jan Trávníček ◽

Roman Konečný ◽

František Jelínek ◽

Hana Dušová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

High Iodine ◽

Average Size ◽

Experimental Group

In 2010 and 2011 two experiments on gimmers of Šumava mountain sheep were performed. The first experiment was carried out on 12 animals (experimental period was 11 months); control group was fed with 3 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day and experimental group was fed with 5 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day. The second experiment lasted 10 months and it was carried out on 12 animals. Feed ration for control group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1. Feed ration for experimental group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1 too; moreover it included rapeseed meal and 1 g of sodium nitrate. The aim of the first experiment was focused on impact of high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The aim of the second experiment was to discover effect of strumigens during high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The animals were slaughtered after the experiment and there was executed the dissection of thyroid gland. The samples of thyroid gland were processed during classic paraffin method and dyed with haematoxylin and eosin. For finding of histometrical parameters was used program Leica IM 500 Version 4.0. The length, the width and the area of follicles were measured. The follicles were divided into three groups after this procedure (by the length); in each group were measured 20 thyreocytes. In group with intake 5 mg I*kg DM−1 (experiment from year 2010): higher weight of thyroid (p < 0.01), significant higher (p < 0.05) proportional representation of large and medium follicles, significantly (p < 0.05) higher average size of follicles, demonstrably lower (p < 0.05) height of epithelium were found. There were not found any differences in monitored parameters between the groups from experiment which was carried out during the year 2011. After comparing results from the both experiments significantly higher percentage representation of large follicles a significantly lower representation of small follicles, distinctly higher average size and higher height of epithelium in all size categories, in groups with iodine intake 10 mg I*kg DM−1was found (from second experiment – year 2011).

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Effects of food deprivation in muscle structure and composition of traíra (Hoplias malabaricus): potential implications on flesh quality

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132009000200025 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 465-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Flavia Sant'Anna Rios ◽

Lucélia Donatti ◽

Marisa Narciso Fernandes ◽

Ana Lucia Kalinin ◽

Francisco Tadeu Rantin

Keyword(s):

Food Deprivation ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Starvation Period ◽

Flesh Quality ◽

Hoplias Malabaricus ◽

Partial Restoration ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Muscle Structure

Hoplias malabaricus (traíra) were experimentally starved (0 to 240 days) and subsequently re-fed for 30 days (after 90 and 240-d fasting). Long-term starvation produced minor changes in muscle composition, but shrinkage of muscle fibres was a conspicuous result. The diameter of muscle fibres decreased gradually and the spaces among them increased as the starvation period progressed. After re-feeding, fish prior starved for 90 days presented partial restoration on diameter of muscle fibres. However, the fibres remained shrunken after re-feeding following 240-d fasting. While the lipid content did not change, the protein levels fell after 240-d fasting, but they were restored after re-feeding

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Acute response of refeeding in tambaqui submitted to long-term fasting

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402122232021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Renata Franco dos SANTOS ◽

Shamila Évellem Magalhães da SILVA ◽

Monique Ferreira BRANDÃO ◽

Maria Vitória Marialva da Silva LÔBO ◽

Deborah Jacob Freire da PAZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Protein ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Hepatic Glycogen ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Acute Response ◽

Mesenteric Fat

ABSTRACT This study aimed evaluate energetic mobilization in tambaqui submitted to fasting, after a one-day refeeding. 120 tambaqui juveniles were distributed in 12 310L polyethylene boxes. Three treatments were evaluated: Control (14 days of feeding); Fasting for 14 days; and Refeeding (13 days fasting and one day of feedback). After the experimental period, the fish were anesthetized with eugenol for blood collection and serum and plasma were used to measure glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and serum protein. Subsequently, fish were euthanized to remove liver and mesenteric fat and were used to determine hepatic glycogen and lipid and mesenteric fat index. The results were submitted to ANOVA and the means compared by Tukey test when statistical significance was observed (P <0.05). Glucose, triglycerides and serum protein decreased after fasting, differing statistically with the control. Refeeding resulted in the recovery of three blood indicators. Liver analysis shows glycogen was consumed intensely during fasting and partially recovered after refeeding, when compared to control group. The results obtained in this study suggest that the 14-day fast was not harmful to the fish and the tambaqui are able to quickly adjust their metabolism according to their nutritional status.

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Protective effect of long-term angiotensin II inhibition

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00393.2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 293 (3) ◽

pp. H1351-H1358 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

Nidia Basso ◽

Rosa Cini ◽

Adriana Pietrelli ◽

León Ferder ◽

Norberto A. Terragno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Ang Ii

Experimental studies indicate that angiotensin II (ANG II) through its type 1 receptor (AT1) promotes cardiovascular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze whether chronic long-term inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can prevent most of the deleterious effects due to aging in the cardiovascular system of the normal rat. The main objective was to compare two strategies of ANG II blockade: a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) and an AT1 receptor blocker (AT1RB). A control group remained untreated; treatment was initiated 2 wk after weaning. A CEI, enalapril (10 mg·kg−1·day−1), or an AT1RB, losartan (30 mg·kg−1·day−1), was used to inhibit the RAS. Systolic blood pressure, body weight, and water and food intake were recorded over the whole experimental period. Heart, aorta, and mesenteric artery weight as well as histological analysis of cardiovascular structure were performed at 6 and 18 mo. Twenty animals in each of the three experimental groups were allowed to die spontaneously. The results demonstrated a significant protective effect on the function and structure of the cardiovascular system in all treated animals. Changes observed at 18 mo of age in the hearts and aortas were quite significant, but each treatment completely abolished this deterioration. The similarity between the results detected with either enalapril or losartan treatment clearly indicates that most of the effects are exerted through AT1 receptors. An outstanding finding was the significant and similar prolongation of life span in both groups of treated animals compared with untreated control animals.

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Chronic toxicity of the Iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes for white rats

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet9503 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (95) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

V. B. Dukhnitsky ◽

I. M. Derkach ◽

S. S. Derkach ◽

I. O. Fritsky ◽

M. O. Plutenko

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Experimental Period ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

White Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Clathrochelate Complexes

The article presents the results of studies of chronic toxicity of the Iron in the rare unconventional valence – IV. During long-term use of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes for white rats we have established the dynamics of the body weight of rats, the relative coefficients of mass of the internal organs, the content of hemoglobin and morphological parameters of blood, biochemical parameters of blood serum of animals of this species. The daily drinking of solution of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg b. w. resulted in a decrease in body weight, an increase in the relative indices of masses of liver and kidney, and a decrease in the relative indices of masses of spleen and heart on 30th day. The hemoglobin content in the blood of rats of the experimental group was less than the control indicator by 3–47% (P < 0.05), which is evidence of inhibition of its synthesis under the influence of the Iron (IV) clathrochelatе. Changes in the morphological composition of the blood were characterized by marked leukocytopenia. The use of rats of a solution of the Iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg b. w. caused the development of hypoproteinemia, hypercreatinemia and hyperurinemia. Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes reduced alaninaminotransferase activity in the serum of rats of both experimental groups by 15–80% (P < 0.05); aspartataminotransferase activity increased significantly by day 10 and decreased by day 30; the activity of alkaline phosphatase was independent of the doses of the drug during the experimental period. The content of Calcium total, Phosphor inorganic and Iron in the serum of rats of the experimental groups was at the level of indicators in the animals of the control group. Consequently, comprehensive studies of the effects of solution of the Iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg b. w. were performed for the first time with long-term administration to white rats, which revealed the main patterns of metabolic disorders and physiological functions.

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Cortico-hippocampal morphology and behavioural indices improved in maternal deprivation model of schizophrenia following vitamin B complex supplementation

10.1101/2020.06.16.154468 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Olaiya Omotoso ◽

Fatimah Adeola Abdulsalam ◽

Nafisat Yetunde Mutholib ◽

Abdulkabir Bature ◽

Ismail Temitayo Gbadamosi

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Maternal Deprivation ◽

Control Group ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Rat Pups ◽

Deprivation Model ◽

Hippocampal Morphology ◽

And Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACTMaternal deprivation (MD) during early life development has been documented to culminate in long-term alterations in brain function and behavioural manifestations that mimic schizophrenia. This study elucidated the putative neuroprotective roles of vitamin B complex in MD-induced behavioural and neurochemical modifications in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of Wistar rats. Rat pups were maternally deprived on postnatal day 9 for 24 hours and then treated with or without vitamin B complex for 15 days while a control group was undisturbed during the experimental period. The rats were then subjected to behavioural paradigms to measure memory indices and anxiety levels. The rats were sacrificed to obtain the PFC and hippocampus for histomorphological and biochemical analysis. Behavioural analysis of the animals revealed that MD induced a declination in long- and short-term memory in addition to anxiety-like behaviour in the open field test. Cortico-hippocampal histomorphology of these animals showed an increased astrocytic density and chromatolysis, which were accompanied by reduced levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. Vitamin B complex mitigated MD-induced behavioural decline, histomorphological perturbation and oxidative stress by enhancing the intrinsic antioxidant defence, thereby culminating in nootropic behaviour and reduced anxiety. In conclusion, we confirmed the hypothesis that vitamin B complex is neuroprotective against neuropathological alterations induced by maternal deprivation.

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Difference Metabolites Induced By Deoxynivalenol in Serum and Urine of Weaned Rabbits Detected Using LC-MS Based Metabolomics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-107751/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fuchang Li ◽

Libo Huang ◽

Quancheng Liu ◽

Pengwei Wang ◽

Hongju Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Control Group ◽

The Difference ◽

Caffeine Metabolism ◽

Diagnostic Indicator ◽

Serum And Urine

Abstract Background: The main toxin effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON), which known as one of the mycotoxins with the highest pollution rate, is the result of long-term accumulation, and there are no obvious clinical signs at the early stage. Specific metabolites in blood and urine can be used as biomarkers and become an important diagnostic indicator for DON poisoning monitoring. At present, studies on the metabolic pathways and characteristics of DON mainly focus on humans, pigs and poultry, but few study on rabbits. This study aims to reveal the difference in DON-induced metabolites in the serum and urine of weaned rabbits, so as to help find potential biomarkers and understand the mechanism of DON in rabbits.Methods: A total of 32 weaned rex rabbits were divided evenly into two groups, namely the control group and DON group. Both groups of rabbits were fed with the basic diet. Rabbits in DON group were intraperitoneally injected with DON at 1.5 mg/kg b.w. every two days before feeding, while rabbits in control group were injected with saline at 1.5 mg/kg b.w. in the same way. After the 25-day trial, the serum and urine samples at different experimental period were collected for LC/MS analysis.Results: The results based on the LC-MS/MS method showed that DON can be metabolized rapidly in blood, and urine is the main metabolism pathway for DON. The data based on metabolomics illustrated that underlying biomarkers in serum were mainly involved in Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism and Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, while those in urine samples involved in Caffeine metabolism, Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Correlation analysis suggested that DON can induce 61 the changes in certain disease-related metabolites in serum and urine.Conclusions: The pathogenic mechanism of DON includes multiple levels, indicating that DON poisoning is caused by multiple factors acting on multiple links.

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Effects of Consumption of Maillard Reaction Products on Magnesium Digestibility and Tissue Distribution in Rats

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/1082013207078524 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Delgado-Andrade ◽

I. Seiquer ◽

M.P. Navarro

Keyword(s):

Tissue Distribution ◽

Maillard Reaction ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Magnesium Content ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

Heat Processing ◽

Control Group ◽

Maillard Reaction Products ◽

Reaction Products

Magnesium bioavailability could be affected by the presence of Maillard reaction products (MRP), formed during the heat processing of foods. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the consumption of MRP, derived from glucose-methionine (GM) mixtures heated for 30 min, on magnesium bioavailability and tissue distribution. Magnesium balances (whole experimental period and final week) were performed in rats. Animals were sacrificed and certain organs removed to analyse the magnesium content. In the experimental group, consumption of the heated GM mixture increased magnesium digestibility during the last week of the assay (72.1 ± 2.4%) compared with the control group (59.4 ± 1.3%); this variation was associated with MRP consumption and not with the residual methionine. However, no variations were found in magnesium bioavailability over the whole experimental period. The magnesium content in the femur was lower in the animals fed the MRP-diet than in the control group (0.67 ± 0.03 vs 0.86 ± 0.03 mg) but its concentration was higher in unusual deposits such as the liver and the kidney. Our results show that long-term dietary consumption of MRP could lead to alterations in bone health, which could contribute to the development and advance of degenerative bone diseases associated with aging.

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