scholarly journals Difference Metabolites Induced By Deoxynivalenol in Serum and Urine of Weaned Rabbits Detected Using LC-MS Based Metabolomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuchang Li ◽  
Libo Huang ◽  
Quancheng Liu ◽  
Pengwei Wang ◽  
Hongju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Caffeine Metabolism ◽  
Diagnostic Indicator ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Background: The main toxin effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON), which known as one of the mycotoxins with the highest pollution rate, is the result of long-term accumulation, and there are no obvious clinical signs at the early stage. Specific metabolites in blood and urine can be used as biomarkers and become an important diagnostic indicator for DON poisoning monitoring. At present, studies on the metabolic pathways and characteristics of DON mainly focus on humans, pigs and poultry, but few study on rabbits. This study aims to reveal the difference in DON-induced metabolites in the serum and urine of weaned rabbits, so as to help find potential biomarkers and understand the mechanism of DON in rabbits.Methods: A total of 32 weaned rex rabbits were divided evenly into two groups, namely the control group and DON group. Both groups of rabbits were fed with the basic diet. Rabbits in DON group were intraperitoneally injected with DON at 1.5 mg/kg b.w. every two days before feeding, while rabbits in control group were injected with saline at 1.5 mg/kg b.w. in the same way. After the 25-day trial, the serum and urine samples at different experimental period were collected for LC/MS analysis.Results: The results based on the LC-MS/MS method showed that DON can be metabolized rapidly in blood, and urine is the main metabolism pathway for DON. The data based on metabolomics illustrated that underlying biomarkers in serum were mainly involved in Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism and Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, while those in urine samples involved in Caffeine metabolism, Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Correlation analysis suggested that DON can induce 61 the changes in certain disease-related metabolites in serum and urine.Conclusions: The pathogenic mechanism of DON includes multiple levels, indicating that DON poisoning is caused by multiple factors acting on multiple links.

Primary Presenile Dementia: The Use of the Visual Evoked Potential as a Diagnostic Indicator

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham F. A. Harding ◽  
Christine E. Wright ◽  
Arnold Orwin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pattern Reversal ◽  
Presenile Dementia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pattern Reversal Stimulation ◽  
Diagnostic Indicator ◽  
Visual Evoked

The use of the flash and pattern reversal visual evoked potential (VEP) in the diagnosis of primary presenile dementia was investigated. The results from 20 patients with primary presenile dementia were compared with those from a control group of normals of equivalent age and from a control group of 20 patients with cortical atrophy but no dementia. Presenile dementia caused a slowing of the major positive (P2) component of the VEP to flash stimulation. However, the VEP to pattern reversal stimulation (P100) was of normal latency. The difference between these two latencies characterises this unusual combination of results and is found to be a more specific diagnostic indicator of primary presenile dementia than the EEG or CT scan.

scholarly journals Effects of training on quality of peer review: randomised controlled trial

BMJ ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 328 (7441) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Schroter ◽  
Nick Black ◽  
Stephen Evans ◽  
James Carpenter ◽  
Fiona Godlee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Score ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Quality Instrument

AbstractObjective To determine the effects of training on the quality of peer review.Design Single blind randomised controlled trial with two intervention groups receiving different types of training plus a control group.Setting and participants Reviewers at a general medical journal.Interventions Attendance at a training workshop or reception of a self taught training package focusing on what editors want from reviewers and how to critically appraise randomised controlled trials.Main outcome measures Quality of reviews of three manuscripts sent to reviewers at four to six monthly intervals, evaluated using the validated review quality instrument; number of deliberate major errors identified; time taken to review the manuscripts; proportion recommending rejection of the manuscripts.Results Reviewers in the self taught group scored higher in review quality after training than did the control group (score 2.85 v 2.56; difference 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.44; P = 0.001), but the difference was not of editorial significance and was not maintained in the long term. Both intervention groups identified significantly more major errors after training than did the control group (3.14 and 2.96 v 2.13; P < 0.001), and this remained significant after the reviewers' performance at baseline assessment was taken into account. The evidence for benefit of training was no longer apparent on further testing six months after the interventions. Training had no impact on the time taken to review the papers but was associated with an increased likelihood of recommending rejection (92% and 84% v 76%; P = 0.002).Conclusions Short training packages have only a slight impact on the quality of peer review. The value of longer interventions needs to be assessed.

scholarly journals The effect of iodine and strumigens long-term foodborne intake on histometrical parameters of thyroid gland in gimmers

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1365-1369
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Peksa ◽  
Jan Trávníček ◽  
Roman Konečný ◽  
František Jelínek ◽  
Hana Dušová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Experimental Group

In 2010 and 2011 two experiments on gimmers of Šumava mountain sheep were performed. The first experiment was carried out on 12 animals (experimental period was 11 months); control group was fed with 3 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day and experimental group was fed with 5 mg I*kg−1 in dry matter per day. The second experiment lasted 10 months and it was carried out on 12 animals. Feed ration for control group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1. Feed ration for experimental group contained 10 mg I*kg DM−1 too; moreover it included rapeseed meal and 1 g of sodium nitrate. The aim of the first experiment was focused on impact of high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The aim of the second experiment was to discover effect of strumigens during high iodine intake on structure of thyroid gland. The animals were slaughtered after the experiment and there was executed the dissection of thyroid gland. The samples of thyroid gland were processed during classic paraffin method and dyed with haematoxylin and eosin. For finding of histometrical parameters was used program Leica IM 500 Version 4.0. The length, the width and the area of follicles were measured. The follicles were divided into three groups after this procedure (by the length); in each group were measured 20 thyreocytes. In group with intake 5 mg I*kg DM−1 (experiment from year 2010): higher weight of thyroid (p < 0.01), significant higher (p < 0.05) proportional representation of large and medium follicles, significantly (p < 0.05) higher average size of follicles, demonstrably lower (p < 0.05) height of epithelium were found. There were not found any differences in monitored parameters between the groups from experiment which was carried out during the year 2011. After comparing results from the both experiments significantly higher percentage representation of large follicles a significantly lower representation of small follicles, distinctly higher average size and higher height of epithelium in all size categories, in groups with iodine intake 10 mg I*kg DM−1was found (from second experiment – year 2011).

scholarly journals ТREATMENT OF STENOSIS OF THE PYLORIC BULBAR ZONE OF ULCERATIVE GENESIS USING MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
O. M. Babii ◽  
S. A. Tarabarov ◽  
N. V. Prolom ◽  
B. F. Shevchenko ◽  
A. A. Galinsky
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Remote Observation

Summary. Purpose: to improve the results of surgical treatment of stenosis of the pyloroduodenal zone of ulcerative origin through the use of minimally invasive laparoendoscopic interventions. Material and methods. In the Department of Surgery of the Digestive Organs of the State Institution “Institute of Gastroenterology of the NAMS of Ukraine” for 2014-2019, 114 patients with stenosis of the pyloroduodenal zone of ulcerative origin were examined. Of these, 35 — with compensated stenosis, 57 — with subcompensated, 22 — with decompensated stenosis. The average age (45.3±5.2) years. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals. All patients underwent surgical treatment using minimally invasive and traditional surgical interventions. Results and discussion. During the study, known indications were clarified and new indications for performing endoscopic balloon pyloroduodenoplasty and combined laparoendoscopic intervention were clarified. Complications in the immediate postoperative period occurred in 1 patient (1.04%) in the form of perforation of the dilated zone. In patients after the traditional laparotomy surgery, the average postoperative period was (15 ± 2) days. Complications in the immediate postoperative period occurred in 2 patients (11.1 %) in the form of bleeding and leaks in the pyloroplasty zone, which required repeated surgical treatment. Тhere were no fatal cases. The remote observation period was 7-22 months. Endoscopic, radiological and clinical signs of recurrence of peptic ulcer and stenosis were not detected. Conclusions. The method of minimally invasive endoscopic and combined laparoendoscopic interventions in the treatment of stenosis of the pyloroduodenal zone of ulcerative genesis is characterized by a minimal number of complications, has good efficacy indicators and the absence of disease recurrence in the long-term period.

scholarly journals Peritoneal fluid changes in horses subjected to small colon distension

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael R Faleiros ◽  
Delphim G Macoris ◽  
Carlos Henrique C Saquetti ◽  
Andrea C Aita ◽  
Anderson Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colon Obstruction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Colon Distension ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Intestinal devitalization in cases of small colon obstruction may be difficult to detect based only in clinical signs. The purpose was to serially evaluate blood and peritoneal fluid of horses subjected to small colon distension. Seventeen adult horses were allotted in three groups. In the small colon-distended group (DG, n=7) a surgically-implanted latex balloon was inflated to promote intraluminal small colon distension. In the shamoperated group (SG, n=5), the balloon was implanted but not inflated, and no surgery was done in the control group (CG, n=5). Blood and peritoneal fluid were sampled before and after (6 samples with a 30-minute interval) intestinal obstruction for cytological and biochemical analyses. No significant changes in clinical signs occurred within groups or across time during the experimental period. There were no statistical differences among SG and SG groups in hematologic and blood chemistry variables. Although total protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in peritoneal fluid remained most of the time within reference values during the experimental period in all groups, increases from baseline values were detected in SG and DG groups. Such increases occurred earlier, progressively and with greater magnitude in the DG when compared with the SG (P<0.05). Increases from baselines values were also observed in total nucleated cells and neutrophils counts in the DG (P<0.05). In conclusion, distension of the equine small colon induced progressive subtle increases in total protein and LDH concentrations in the peritoneal fluid during the first hours. Serial evaluation of these variables in peritoneal fluid may be useful for early detection of intestinal devitalization in clinical cases of equine small colon obstruction.

scholarly journals Surgical model of osteoarthritis secondary to medial patellar luxation in dogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Alam ◽  
H.B. Lee ◽  
M.S. Kim ◽  
N.S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Surgical Model ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

This study was performed to make a surgical model of osteoarthritis (OA) in the dog. Experimental medial patellar luxation (MPL) was surgically produced in the left stifle (index) of 24 skeletally mature mixed small breed dogs (age two to six years and weight 2.8 to 9 kg). The animals were randomly allocated in 2 groups; sham group (n = 12), where the right stifle was sham operated and control group (n = 12) with intact right stifle. Physical and radiographic examinations of both stifles were performed at 1.5 months intervals over a one-year experimental period. One dog was euthanatized every three months, and both stifles were explored, gross examination was performed and tissue samples from the articular cartilage, cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and synovium were collected for histomorphology. The clinical signs of OA were obvious in the experimental dogs by 12 weeks of surgical induction of MPL, which was also evidenced in the histopathology of the joint tissues and electron microscopy of the articular cartilage. The radiographic changes of OA were not obvious until remarkable degenerative changes became abvious six months postoperatively. Surgically induced MPL can be a successful tool for experimental induction of OA in dogs.

STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMS AND CLINICAL SIGNS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S37-S42
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
O. P. Heinonen ◽  
A. Aro ◽  
M. Viherkoski ◽  
P. Knekt
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Toxic Nodular Goitre ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The occurrence of 15 symptoms and 11 clinical signs was studied in 101 hyperthyroid patients and 106 euthyroid subjects. The hyperthyroid group comprised 50 patients with toxic diffuse goitre and 51 with toxic nodular goitre. The control group included 31 subjects with non-toxic goitre. The symptoms and signs were registered in a standardised manner. The difference in the frequency of each symptom and sign between the hyperthyroid and the control group was analysed statistically. The most discriminatory were the symptoms and signs related to excessive production of heat and to stimulation of the nervous system. The results were mostly in agreement with those of the few previously existing reports. Lid signs, however, were in both groups less frequent than in a British material. The need for standardisation in registration of symptoms and signs is emphasized.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF INTRARENAL RESISTIVE INDEX BY DUPLEX COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY – COMPARISON BETWEEN HEALTHY ADULT CONTROL SUBJECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
MSI Tipu Chowdhury ◽  
Sadia Sultana ◽  
Md. Fakhrul Islam Khaled ◽  
Khaled Md. Iqbal ◽  
Sharmin Easmin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Difference

Background: Renal Doppler Ultrasonography (USG) has become a useful adjunct to gray scale sonography in the evaluation of renal function in various pathophysiological conditions like diabetic nephropathy. We can diagnose diabetic nephropathy by serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance rate. But early stage diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is not always possible. In this study we have focused on resistive index of interlobar arteries of kidney to see changes of renal parenchyma for early stage diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Objectives: To observe the difference between values of intrarenal resistive  index measured by duplex color Doppler USG in type 2 diabetic  patients having diabetic nephropathy and in healthy adult control subjects. Materials and methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 65 diabetic nephropathy patients were taken as study group and 65 healthy subjects were included as healthy control subjects. Duplex Color Doppler Ultrasonography of interlobar artery was carried out in both groups to measure the peak systolic velocity, the end diastolic velocity and arterial Resistive Index. Results: The Resistive Index of interlobar artery of left kidney in control group was 0.58±0.08 and the mean RI of interlobar artery of left kidney in diabetic nephropathy patients was 0.74±0.53. The difference of Resistive index of interlobar artery of left kidney in the two groups were statistically significant and the RI of right kidney of control & that of case groups were 0.60±0.09 and 0.76±0.03 respectively. In between control and case groups the RI of right kidney were statistically significant. So, resistive index of interlobar artery was increased in type 2 diabetic nrphropathy patients compared to control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded in present study that resistive index remains significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy than in controls. Thus Duplex Doppler ultrasonography allows the rapid, noninvasive evaluation of the intrarenal vasculature and can be used as an easily available parameter of the evolution and a predictor in patients with clinical diabetic nephropathy. Keywords: Doppler Ultrasonography, Intrarenal Resistive Index, Diabetic Nephropathy

scholarly journals Comparison of serum lead level of opium dependent patients with a healthy control group

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e08-e08
Author(s):  
Gholam Reza Masoomi ◽  
Zeinab Rastegar Chupani ◽  
Hazhir Heidari Beigvand ◽  
Mahdi Rezai ◽  
Shahin Dokht Hasan Pour
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Serum ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The prevalence of multiple symptoms, including mental illness, symptoms that mimic diseases such as pancreatitis, nonspecific abdominal pain and cholecystitis, are high in drug-dependent patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to consider the clinical signs and serum lead levels of individuals referred to four university hospitals with various complaints. Patients and Methods: In this study, 128 sample cases in two groups, the case group and control group, have been examined. The case group included 64 persons using oral opium who were suffering from various complaints and referred to emergency department of mentioned hospitals. The control group included 64 patients without any history of addiction. Results: Mean of blood serum lead level in opium users and control group was 76.34±17.82 mg/dL and 7.68±3.72 mg/dL respectively, and the difference between these groups was significantly meaningful (P<0.001). The most prevalent complaints were abdominal pain and pulmonary complaints. Conclusion: Findings of the current study showed high levels for an average serum lead level for oral opium addicts among the studied statistical population. In addition, results show that ultimate diagnosis of lead poisoning is a factor justifying symptoms for addicts with nonspecific symptoms, the subject that confirms several previous reports. This finding asserts the necessity of screening of serum lead level for patients addicted to opium compounds in order to prevent more severe side effects.

scholarly journals Biochemical and haematological parameters in dogs with Cushing’s syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernes Karić ◽  
Aida Hodžić ◽  
Amir Zahirović ◽  
Amina Hrković-Porobija ◽  
Husein Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
As Stress

The exposure of the body to stress, regardless of whether it comes from physical, chemical or emotional stimuli from the environment, causes an inadequate adaptation of the organisms which can contribute to the development of various diseases. Abnormally high blood concentrations of cortisol, known as stress hormone, lead to the development of a hormonal disorder called hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing’s syndrome. In the majority of cases, Cushing’s syndrome is diagnosed when symptoms are apparent, and screening endocrinological test confirms the existence either of increased cortisol production or decreased sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to negative glucocorticoid feedback. In our research, we examined a total of 23 male and 7 female dogs that were suspected to have Cushing’s syndrome, based on history and clinical signs. A total of 15 male and 5 female dogs were positive for Cushing’s syndrome (HAC group), whereas the remaining dogs were used to form non-HAC group. Using the apparatus IDEXX “Vet Test 8008”, the following biochemical parameters were determined: glucose, urea, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, and amylase. Regarding haematological parameters, the following parameters were investigated: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW), white blood cell count, haemoglobin and haematocrit, using “Laser cite vet lab Station” (IDEXX). No significant differences in haematological and biochemical blood parameters were noticed between the HAC and the non-HAC group of dogs. However, dogs suffering from Cushing’s syndrome had a higher value in the number of erythrocytes compared to the control group. The finding that has to be payed attention to is the difference in platelet count between the control group of dogs and dogs suffering from Cushing’s syndrome.

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