Ten-year variations in population structure of pink-shrimp in a southwestern Atlantic Bay affected by highway construction

OBJECTIVES: Population structures of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and F. paulensis, consisting mainly of juveniles, were evaluated during the construction of an expressway along a mangrove area. Estuarine regions in southern Brazil function as sites for reproduction, nursery and growth of a variety of organisms, including two of the most important species of shrimp for fisheries in the southwestern Atlantic. Shrimps were collected in Saco dos Limões creek, Baía-Sul, Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, four times a year, by day and night, between 1997 and 2006. Fluctuations in the abundances of shrimp appear to be related to their life cycles, with largest abundances in Summer and Spring, rather than to impacts promoted by dredging activities during the expressway construction.

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Abundance, breeding and food of the Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea (Aves, Ardeidae) in the Patos Lagoon estuary, a recently colonized area in southern Brazil

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0073-47212012000100003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dimas Gianuca ◽

Andros T. Gianuca ◽

Carolus M. Vooren

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Southwestern Atlantic ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Pink Shrimp ◽

Breeding Colony ◽

Patos Lagoon ◽

Southern Limit ◽

Total Food ◽

Patos Lagoon Estuary ◽

Farfantepenaeus Paulensis

We document the expansion of the breeding distribution of the Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) to 850 km beyond its previous southern limit in South America. In addition we present data on abundance, breeding biology and food of the species in the Patos Lagoon estuary, the area which the species recently colonized. The maximum abundance recorded in the breeding colony and in a nocturnal roosting site was 53 and 49 individuals respectively. Nesting occurred from September to March. Birds nested in a mixed breeding colony together with about 3,000 breeding pairs of seven other species of Pelecaniformes, in a swampy forest near the margin of the estuary. Five nests were between 1.5 and 4.3 m from the ground, on the shrub Daphnopsis racemosa (Thymelaeaceae), on the trees Sebastiana brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae) and Mimosa bimucronata (Leguminosae), or on the bamboo Bambusa sp. (Poaceae). Four nests produced two fledglings each, while one nest was abandoned. Of 13 grouped samples of food regurgitated by five nestlings, Pink Shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Perez-Farfante, 1967) constituted 70% in mass, while total length of ingested fishes and shrimps varied mostly between 20 and 50 mm. Estuarine prey items represented 99% of the total food mass. The recent southward expansion of the breeding range of the Little Blue Heron in South America may be a response to climate warming of the Patos Lagoon estuary. Degradation of estuaries in the southwestern Atlantic may also be forcing the birds to breed in areas outside previous geographical range.

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Surnames and population structure in the Doctrine of Belén, Altos de Arica, Viceroyalty of Peru (1750–1813)

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932021000389 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Emma Alfaro ◽

Xochitl Inostroza ◽

José E. Dipierri ◽

Daniela Peña Aguilera ◽

Jorge Hidalgo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Indigenous Population ◽

Random Mating ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Geographic Space ◽

Documentary Sources ◽

Cultural Variables ◽

The Social ◽

Population Structures ◽

And Migration

Abstract The analysis of multiple population structures (biodemographic, genetic and socio-cultural) and their inter-relations contribute to a deeper understanding of population structure and population dynamics. Genetically, the population structure corresponds to the deviation of random mating conditioned by a limited number of ancestors, by restricted migration in the social or geographic space, or by preference for certain consanguineous unions. Through the isonymic method, surname frequency and distribution across the population can supply quantitative information on the structure of a human population, as they constitute universal socio-cultural variables. Using documentary sources to undertake the Doctrine of Belén’s (Altos de Arica, Chile) historical demography reconstruction between 1763 and 1820, this study identified an indigenous population with stable patronymics. The availability of complete marriage, baptism and death records, low rates of migration and the significant percentage of individuals registered and constantly present in this population favoured the application of the isonymic method. The aim of this work was to use given names and surnames recorded in these documentary sources to reconstruct the population structure and migration pattern of the Doctrine of Belén between 1750 and 1813 through the isonymic method. The results of the study were consistent with the ethno-historical data of this ethnic space, where social cohesion was, in multiple ways, related to the regulation of daily life in colonial Andean societies.

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Population structure and ontogenetic habitat use of Micropogonias furnieri in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean inferred by otolith chemistry

Fisheries Research ◽

10.1016/j.fishres.2021.105953 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 240 ◽

pp. 105953

Author(s):

Esteban Avigliano ◽

Nadia M. Alves ◽

M. Rita Rico ◽

Claudio O. Ruarte ◽

Luciana D’Atri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Atlantic Ocean ◽

Habitat Use ◽

Otolith Chemistry ◽

Southwestern Atlantic ◽

Southwestern Atlantic Ocean ◽

Micropogonias Furnieri

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Non-Homogeneous Markov Set Systems

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9050471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 471

Author(s):

P.-C.G. Vassiliou

Keyword(s):

Asymptotic Behavior ◽

Population Structure ◽

Confidence Intervals ◽

Limit Set ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Relative Population ◽

Set Systems ◽

Population Structures ◽

Basic Parameters ◽

Initial Distributions

A more realistic way to describe a model is the use of intervals which contain the required values of the parameters. In practice we estimate the parameters from a set of data and it is natural that they will be in confidence intervals. In the present study, we study Non-Homogeneous Markov Systems (NHMS) processes for which the required basic parameters are in intervals. We call such processes Non-Homogeneous Markov Set Systems (NHMSS). First we study the set of the relative expected population structure of memberships and we prove that under certain conditions of convexity of the intervals of the parameters the set is compact and convex. Next, we establish that if the NHMSS starts with two different initial distributions sets and allocation probability sets under certain conditions, asymptotically the two expected relative population structures coincide geometrically fast. We continue proving a series of theorems on the asymptotic behavior of the expected relative population structure of a NHMSS and the properties of their limit set. Finally, we present an application for geriatric and stroke patients in a hospital and through it we solve problems that surface in an application.

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Detecting a hierarchical genetic population structure via Multi-InDel markers on the X chromosome

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep32178 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Guang Yao Fan ◽

Yi Ye ◽

Yi Ping Hou

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Ancestry Informative Marker ◽

Genetic Population ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Chinese Populations ◽

Population Structures ◽

Biogeographical Ancestry

Abstract Detecting population structure and estimating individual biogeographical ancestry are very important in population genetics studies, biomedical research and forensics. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has long been considered to be a primary ancestry-informative marker (AIM), but it is constrained by complex and time-consuming genotyping protocols. Following up on our previous study, we propose that a multi-insertion-deletion polymorphism (Multi-InDel) with multiple haplotypes can be useful in ancestry inference and hierarchical genetic population structures. A validation study for the X chromosome Multi-InDel marker (X-Multi-InDel) as a novel AIM was conducted. Genetic polymorphisms and genetic distances among three Chinese populations and 14 worldwide populations obtained from the 1000 Genomes database were analyzed. A Bayesian clustering method (STRUCTURE) was used to discern the continental origins of Europe, East Asia, and Africa. A minimal panel of ten X-Multi-InDels was verified to be sufficient to distinguish human ancestries from three major continental regions with nearly the same efficiency of the earlier panel with 21 insertion-deletion AIMs. Along with the development of more X-Multi-InDels, an approach using this novel marker has the potential for broad applicability as a cost-effective tool toward more accurate determinations of individual biogeographical ancestry and population stratification.

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Age structure and life cycles of the Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in southern Brazil

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315412000331 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 557-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. Schwarz ◽

J.A.A. Perez

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Age Structure ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Trawl Fishery ◽

Growth Increments ◽

Wide Range ◽

Growth Zones ◽

Illex Argentinus ◽

Post Spawning

Age structure and hatchling dates of the squid Illex argentinus collected by bottom-trawl fishery in southern Brazilian waters were assessed by the analysis of statolith growth increments. Catches occurred between 2001 and 2002, from 23° to 32°S at depths of 100–700 m. Squid from juvenile to post-spawning stages were collected year round, with age estimated from 98 to 320 days and mantle lengths ranging from 112 to 376 mm. Duration of life cycle events based on statolith growth zones revealed that squids can spend about 14% of their lifespan as paralarva (~30 days), 70% as juvenile (~130 days), leaving maturity and spawning condition to the terminal 10–20% (~30–60 days). The results suggest that, unlike estimates available for Patagonian populations, a general 0.5 year lifespan is predicted for I. argentinus off Brazil. The wide range of size-at-ages implied that catches of shortfin squid off southern Brazil probably include squid hatched throughout the year. Mature and spawning squid caught in summer months hatched in winter and spring, while winter catches revealed mature-spawning individuals hatched both in summer/autumn (~6 months of age) and winter/spring periods (~10–11 months of age). It has been argued that such groups may combine both squid resident of Brazilian outer shelf and slope (22°–34°S) with a six months' lifespan and migrating squid originated from the northern Patagonian shelf (~42°S) with 10–11 months' lifespan.

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Evolution and Population Structure of Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00969-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 192 (24) ◽

pp. 6465-6476 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Vartul Sangal ◽

Heather Harbottle ◽

Camila J. Mazzoni ◽

Reiner Helmuth ◽

Beatriz Guerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

North America ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Health Concern ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Monophyletic Lineage ◽

Population Structures ◽

Paratyphi B ◽

Multiple Drugs

ABSTRACT Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Newport is a major global public health concern, particularly because S. Newport isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR), including third-generation cephalosporins (MDR-AmpC phenotype), have been commonly isolated from food animals. We analyzed 384 S. Newport isolates from various sources by a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to study the evolution and population structure of the serovar. These were compared to the population structure of S. enterica serovars Enteritidis, Kentucky, Paratyphi B, and Typhimurium. Our S. Newport collection fell into three lineages, Newport-I, Newport-II, and Newport-III, each of which contained multiple sequence types (STs). Newport-I has only a few STs, unlike Newport-II or Newport-III, and has possibly emerged recently. Newport-I is more prevalent among humans in Europe than in North America, whereas Newport-II is preferentially associated with animals. Two STs of Newport-II encompassed all MDR-AmpC isolates, suggesting recent global spread after the acquisition of the bla CMY-2 gene. In contrast, most Newport-III isolates were from humans in North America and were pansusceptible to antibiotics. Newport was intermediate in population structure to the other serovars, which varied from a single monophyletic lineage in S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium to four discrete lineages within S. Paratyphi B. Both mutation and homologous recombination are responsible for diversification within each of these lineages, but the relative frequencies differed with the lineage. We conclude that serovars of S. enterica provide a variety of different population structures.

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Effect of unfavourable population structure on estimates of heritability, systematic effects and breeding values

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-51-601-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 601-610

Author(s):

A. P. Kominakis

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Heritability Estimate ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Parameter Estimations ◽

Squared Error ◽

Heritability Estimation ◽

Population Structures ◽

Systematic Effects ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Empirical estimations of heritability, systematic effects and predictions of sires’ breeding values (BVs) were obtained under various population structures for simulated populations consisted of n = 400 animals in 5 herds for a trait of medium heritability (h2 = 0.30). An infinitesimal additive genetic animal model was assumed while simulating data. Population structure was varied to allow for good and poor connectedness across herds and (non)random association between the genetic and the environmental effects. The impact of the various population structures on the parameter estimation(s) was assessed using Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Pearson’s correlations. Allowing sires to have progenies in more than one herd (good herd connectedness) and random use of sires across herds generally resulted in good parameter estimations. Poor connectedness significantly affected herd effects estimation and BV prediction but not heritability estimation as long as random usage of sires across environments was guaranteed. Selective use of the best sires in the best herds along with poor connectedness resulted in poorest estimations of all parameters examined. In the latter case, heritability was seriously underestimated (h2 = 0.06) while highest error, lowest accuracies for the BVs and a remarkable underestimation of the genetic gain were observed. Use of reference sires on a natural mating basis to create genetic links between herds has served a good solution for both heritability and BVs estimation under unfavorable structure. Mating 0.25 of the herd ewes with reference sires resulted in a heritability estimate close to the simulated one. Significantly better estimates of systematic effects and BVs were, however, obtained when 0.5 of the herd ewes were mated by reference sires.

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Ordering structured populations in multiplayer cooperation games

10.1101/021550 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Jorge Peña ◽

Bin Wu ◽

Arne Traulsen

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Spatial Structure ◽

Structured Populations ◽

Evolution Of Cooperation ◽

Multiplayer Games ◽

Spatial Games ◽

Population Structures ◽

Single Structure ◽

Containment Order ◽

Update Rules

AbstractSpatial structure greatly affects the evolution of cooperation. While in two-player games the condition for cooperation to evolve depends on a single structure coefficient, in multiplayer games the condition might depend on several structure coefficients, making it difficult to compare different population structures. We propose a solution to this issue by introducing two simple ways of ordering population structures: the containment order and the volume order. If population structure 𝒮1 is greater than population structure 𝒮2 in the containment or the volume order, then 𝒮1 can be considered a stronger promoter of cooperation. We provide conditions for establishing the containment order, give general results on the volume order, and illustrate our theory by comparing different models of spatial games and associated update rules. Our results hold for a large class of population structures and can be easily applied to specific cases once the structure coefficients have been calculated or estimated.

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Genetic Diversity in the mtDNA control region and population structure of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from selected Nigerian rivers: Implications for conservation and aquaculture

Archives of Polish Fisheries ◽

10.1515/aopf-2016-0010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 85-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sylvanus A. Nwafili ◽

Tian-Xiang Gao

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Control Region ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Population Expansion ◽

Mitochondrial Control Region ◽

Recent Population Expansion ◽

Base Pair Fragment ◽

Population Structures ◽

High Level

Abstract The genetic diversity and population structure of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus were evaluated using a 443 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region. Among the eight populations collected comprising 129 individuals, a total of 89 polymorphic sites defined 57 distinct haplotypes. The mean haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the eight populations were 0.966±0.006 and 0.0359±0.004, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic differentiation among the eight populations (FST =0.34; P < 0.01). The present results revealed that C. nigrodigitatus populations had a high level of genetic diversity and distinct population structures. We report the existence of two monophyletic matrilineal lineages with mean genetic distance of 10.5% between them. Non-significant negative Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs for more than half the populations suggests that the wild populations of C. nigrodigitatus underwent a recent population expansion, although a weak one since the late Pleistocene.

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