scholarly journals Molecular and serological detection of Leishmania spp. in captive wild animals from Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Mariza Gomes Jusi ◽  
Wilma Aparecida Starke-Buzetti ◽  
Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Michely da Silva Tenório ◽  
Lúcio de Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that affects 12 million people worldwide. Several mammalian species can serve as a reservoir for this disease. Dogs are the main reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis in urban areas, which has become a serious public health concern in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Leishmania spp. in captive wild animals from Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil. Blood and various tissues samples were collected from animals of five different species: Speothos venaticus, Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous, Pseudalopex vetulus, and Procyon cancrivorus. Antibodies against Leishmania spp. were detected in three wild canids by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PCR analyses of blood and bone marrow from all animals were negative, but Leishmania DNA was found in the tissues and skin of seropositive animals. Positive PCR samples were also positive for Leishmania donovani complex. Analysis of sequenced PCR products showed similarities with different regions of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi kinetoplastids. Measures to control visceral leishmaniasis in wild animals kept in Brazilian zoos should be established, as no disease control programs are currently available.

scholarly journals LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND CLINICAL SIGNS OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN DOGS EXAMINED AT THE CENTER FOR ZOONOSIS CONTROL IN CAMPO GRANDE – MS, BRAZIL

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Casquero Cunha ◽  
Renato Andreotti ◽  
Elaine Silva ◽  
Elisângela Pereira ◽  
Tayra Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mato Grosso

Visceral leishmaniasis is a type of zoonosis caused by several Leishmania species endemic to tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean climate regions. Dogs are the primary source of infection in urban areas and can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. This study focused on the observation of clinical signs of leishmaniasis in dogs in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Samples from affected animals were analyzed using indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to determine the optimal diagnostic tool for use on animals that present clinical symptoms. A predominance of clinical symptoms affecting the integumentary system was observed, and splenomegaly and hepatomegaly were the most important pathological signs. Among the diagnostic tests, the greatest agreement was seen between ELISA and IFA, followed by ELISA and PCR, and finally IFA and PCR. PCR diagnostic results showed the greatest extent of correlation with clinical signs, followed by ELISA and then IFA. When choosing a diagnostic method, veterinarians should consider the clinical signs and health status of the patient.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in riverside communities of the Cuiabá river watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3313
Author(s):  
Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ◽  
Álvaro Felipe de Lima Ruy Dias ◽  
Juliana Yuki Rodrigues ◽  
Mariana de Medeiros Torres ◽  
Janaína Marcela Assunção Rosa Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
River Watershed

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic zoonosis expanding in Brazil. Several municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso including those on the river Cuiabá have reported the incidence of both human and canine cases and the identification of sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. cruzi. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania chagasi in the urban areas, hence, we devised a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of the infection in the dogs of riverside communities on Cuiabá River watershed by parasitological (parasitic isolation in culture), serological, and molecular methods. Of the 248 surveyed dogs, 24 were positive in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a prevalence of 9.7%. The riverside communities located in the town of Santo Antonio do Leverger displayed a higher prevalence of the disease than the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dogs born in the communities had a 3.24-fold higher risk of acquiring the infection. Promastigote were isolated in the axenic culture from the bone marrow samples and intact skin. Further, DNA of Leishmania sp. was detected in the bone marrow samples, lymph nodes, leukocyte cover, and skin of only one examined dog. These samples were sequenced and they showed 99% homology to L. infantum. To conclude, we observed a higher prevalence of infection in Riverside communities of Santo Antonio do Leverger and the confirmation of autochthony in these areas justifies the surveillance actions to minimise the risk of transmission within the riverine community itself, besides its dissemination to other areas by tourism.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology ofLeishmaniaspp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Magalhães de Oliveira ◽  
Felipe Garcia ◽  
Fernanda Evers ◽  
Vinícius de Morais Barbosa ◽  
Diego Camilo Mora Obando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leishmania Spp

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the occurrence of Leishmania spp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 257 healthy equids of Uberlândia were assessed for the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. by using the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. Additionally, an epidemiological survey was done to evaluate the possible risk factors (species of equids, age, gender, economic activity, and contact with domestic and wild animals) associated with the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. The total seroprevalence against Leishmania spp. was 24.1% (62/257); representing seroprevalence levels of 22.7% (55/242) in horses, 50% (4/8) in mules, and 42.9% (3/7) in ponies from all regions evaluated. The species of equid was the only factor that contributed to an elevated seroprevalence of Leishmania spp.

scholarly journals Kinesin Motor Domain of Leishmania donovani as a Future Vaccine Candidate

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan Dey ◽  
Pawan Sharma ◽  
Naresh Singh Redhu ◽  
Sarman Singh
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Motor Domain ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Kinesin Motor

ABSTRACT Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the important parasitic diseases, with approximately 350 million people at risk. Due to the nonavailability of an ideal drug, development of a safe, effective, and affordable vaccine could be a solution for control and prevention of this disease. The present study was carried out to examine the immunological potential of kinesin protein from the microtubule locus of Leishmania donovani as a suitable vaccine candidate. In silico analysis of this region revealed clusters of major histocompatibility complex class I and II binding epitopes in its motor domain region. A recombinant protein was expressed from this region and named rLvacc. The antigenicity and immunogenicity studies of this protein by Western blot analysis revealed that rLvacc is strongly recognized by sera from acute VL patients. To evaluate its immunogenicity, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cured VL patients were separated, and a lymphocyte proliferation assay was carried out in the presence of rLvacc. After lymphocyte proliferation, the pooled culture supernatant was assayed for anti-rLvacc antibody titers using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) subtype antibodies were predominant, while IgG1 subtype antibodies were produced in very low titers. On the basis of these ex vivo preliminary findings, its immunogenicity was studied in BALB/c mice. Vaccination with the DNA construct generated a good cellular immune response with significant increases in gamma interferon and interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine levels (Th1), but no increase in IL-4 levels (Th2). Taken together, our findings suggest the kinesin motor domain region of L. donovani as a potential vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Urine Samples

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zahidul Islam ◽  
Makoto Itoh ◽  
S. M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Rusella Mirza ◽  
Farzana Matin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Crude Antigen

ABSTRACT A diagnostic method has been developed to detect anti-Leishmania donovani immunoglobulin G (IgG) in urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In measuring anti-L. donovani IgG, IgA, and IgM in urine, the method performed best in the detection of IgG. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined with panels of urine samples from 62 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients, 59 healthy controls from areas of endemicity, 53 healthy controls from areas of nonendemicity, 59 malaria patients, 13 tuberculosis patients, 23 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, and 7 patients with other diseases. Using L. donovani promastigote crude antigen, the test had 93.5% sensitivity (58 positives of 62 VL patient samples) and 89.3% specificity (191 negatives of 214 non-VL patient samples). The ELISA with acetone-treated L. donovani promastigote antigen raised the sensitivity and specificity to 95.0 and 95.3%, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that most of the samples that cross-reacted with crude antigen in ELISA did not recognize any antigenic component of L. donovani crude antigen. We also checked 40 serum samples from the same group of VL patients for anti-L. donovani IgG and got 90.0% sensitivity with both crude and acetone-treated antigens. As collection of urine is much easier than collection of serum, the detection of anti-L. donovani IgG in urine with acetone-treated antigen will be useful in epidemiological studies. It could be an adjunct of laboratory diagnosis.

scholarly journals Use of a Newly Developed β-Mercaptoethanol Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Diagnose Visceral Leishmaniasis in Patients in Eastern Sudan

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1592-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durria Mansour ◽  
Elfadil M. Abass ◽  
Mohamed el Mutasim ◽  
Abdelhafeiz Mahamoud ◽  
Abdallah el Harith
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Symptomatic Group ◽  
Eastern Sudan

ABSTRACT Corroboration of serology results is essential for restricting the risk of inappropriate antileishmanial prescription. A direct agglutination test (DAT) and a recently developed β-mercaptoethanol-modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (β-ME ELISA) based on the use of antigen prepared as described for the DAT were applied to 416 sera from two Sudanese populations with and without clinical evidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Of 285 sera with the lowest antileishmanial DAT titers (≤1:100 to 1:1,600), 270 (94.7%) scored comparable minimum β-ME ELISA absorbance values (≤0.1 to 0.26). In 117 sera that demonstrated the highest DAT titers (1:12,800 to ≥1:25,600), 86 (73.5%) scored maximum (0.81 to ≥1.35) and 30 (25.6%) medium (0.27 to 0.80) β-ME ELISA absorbance values. VL diagnosis was established for 142 (44.1%) patients in the VL-symptomatic group (n = 322), based on positive microscopy for Leishmania donovani in lymph node aspirates or positive DAT (titer, ≥1:3,200). Of the 125 sera from the symptomatic patients for whom microscopy was positive for VL, 111 (88.8%) had comparable positive DAT and β-ME ELISA readings. In all 17 sera from the symptomatic DAT-positive patients for whom leishmaniasis was not established by microscopy but who responded favorably to antileishmanial therapy, absorbance values (≥0.27) indicative of VL were obtained by β-ME ELISA. Of 197 symptomatic patients for whom microscopy was negative for VL, 172 (87.3%) tested negative in β-ME ELISA and 180 (91.4%) in DAT. Based on the high reliability demonstrated here for VL detection, β-ME ELISA fulfills the requirement of confirming DAT results in patients manifesting suspected VL.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis: perception, prevalence, and spatial distribution in municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Roberto Carvalho ◽  
Álvaro Felipe de Lima Ruy Dias ◽  
Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Mário Ribeiro Alves ◽  
Adilson Santos Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Abstract The midwest region of Brazil has witnessed an increase in the number of cases of human (HVL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the population’s perception of these diseases, factors associated with CVL, its spatial distribution, and the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. in 385 dogs, determined using a commercially available immunochromatographic rapid test and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 385 samples, 54 were positive for CVL and confirmed by ELISA, corresponding to a prevalence of 14%. Knowledge of signs of CVL by tutors (p = 0.038); previous occurrence of CVL in the vicinity (p = 0.022); symptomatic dog(s) (p = 0.014), splenomegaly (p = 0.055), and ear ulcer(s) (p = 0.059) were significantly associated with CVL. The results revealed a significant prevalence of CVL spatially distributed in rural and urban contexts. The association between environmentally related variables and perception and the occurrence of CVL underscores the importance of implementing control and prevention strategies primarily focused on environmental management and health education activities.

Comparison of serological and molecular tests to investigate Leishmania spp. infections in stray dogs from an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira Evaristo ◽  
Andreina de Carvalho Araujo ◽  
Andréa Pereira da Costa ◽  
Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva Sales ◽  
José Alexandre Menezes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the level of exposure to Leishmania infection in stray dogs in an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples from 178 dogs were analyzed using serological and molecular assays: rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (cPCR and qPCR). Positivity values obtained with serological tests were 71.4% (127/178), 70.2% (125/178), and 50.6% (90/178) using ICT, ELISA, and IFAT, respectively, with 38.8% (69/178) of the dogs were simultaneously positive for all three tests. The positivity values obtained with cPCR and qPCR were 20.2% (36/178) and 38.8% (69/178), respectively, with 11.8% (21/178) testing positive in both molecular assays. Overall, 87.1% (155/178) were positive for anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies and/or Leishmania spp. DNA. Positivity to one or more tests was statistically associated with lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions, lymphocytosis, anemia and hyperproteinemia. The results of this study revealed a high level of exposure to Leishmania in stray dogs in an area of intense human visceral leishmaniasis transmission, suggesting that dogs play a role as reservoirs in the transmission cycle of this zoonosis.

scholarly journals First description of autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan region of Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco André Loureiro Tonini ◽  
Elenice Moreira Lemos ◽  
Alexandre Barbosa Reis ◽  
Wendel Coura Vital ◽  
Edelberto Santos Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

INTRODUCTION: We investigated autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan region of Vitória (MRV), an area in which a human case was previously reported. METHODS: Serological, parasitological, and molecular tests were performed in 201 dogs. RESULTS: Twenty-six (13%) and 12 (6%) dogs were identified as positive using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rK39 tests, respectively. Two dogs had a positive culture for Leishmania chagasi, and 4 were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for Leishmania spp. One positive dog belonged to the aforementioned patient. CONCLUSIONS: Although the responsible vector was not found, our results provide evidence of autochthonous CVL in the MRV, a non-endemic area for VL.

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