scholarly journals Comparative study of five techniques for the diagnosis of canine gastrointestinal parasites

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Marinho Dourado Coelho ◽  
Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Alexandre Xavier Falcão ◽  
Bianca Martins dos Santos ◽  
Felipe Augusto Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Concordance Index ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Saturated Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Positive Results

Differences in the efficacy of diagnostic techniques employed in the parasitological examination of feces are a limiting factor of this laboratory procedure in the field of Veterinary Parasitology. To verify advances in this type of examination in dogs, we conducted a study using a new technique (TFGII/Dog). Fifty naturally infected dogs were housed in individual stalls, and their feces were evaluated comparatively using this technique and four other conventional techniques. The TFGII/Dog showed high levels of sensitivity and efficiency, surpassing the diagnostic accuracy of the other techniques with a kappa concordance index of 0.739 (Substantial), as opposed to 0.546 (Moderate), 0.485 (Moderate), 0.467 (Moderate), and 0.325 (Fair) of the Spontaneous-Sedimentation, Centrifugal-Flotation in Saturated Zinc Sulfate Solution, Centrifugal-Flotation in Saturated Sugar Solution, and Spontaneous-Flotation in Saturated Sodium Chloride Solution techniques, respectively. The combination of positive results of all techniques comprises eight genera of parasites, with Ancylostoma spp. predominating among helminths, and Cystoisospora spp. among protozoa. The TFGII/Dog technique showed better diagnostic performance, and can therefore be considered an important tool for optimizing the results of laboratory routines and for the control of canine gastrointestinal parasites.

Studies on Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis by Immunocyto-chemistry and Immunohistochemistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Lakshmikanth ◽  
N.S. Sharma ◽  
D. Pathak ◽  
Paviter Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Brucellosis is a major threat to livestock economy and an important zoonotic disease. A rapid and accurate diagnosis is a necessity to curb the spread and progress of the disease. The current study aimed to evaluate sensitivity of Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry methods for detection of Brucella spp.Methods: A total of 50 samples comprising of fetal stomach content, vaginal discharges and placenta were collected from cattle and buffaloes suffering from abortions and other reproductive disorders in and around Ludhiana, Punjab during the period 2017-2018. All the samples were processed for isolation and confirmed with biochemical analysis and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates obtained and 43 clinical samples excluding placental samples were subjected to Immunocytochemistry (ICC). Immunohistochemistry (ICH) was performed on placental samples.Result: A total of four isolates were recovered from the screened samples. The four isolates also yielded positive results in Immunocytochemistry. Among the 43 clinical samples screened by Immunocytochemistry, five were positive, however only 3 isolates were recovered on isolation. A total of seven placental tissue samples were processed and subjected to immunohistochemistry. Of the three placental samples positive by immunohistochemistry, only one sample was isolated on culture. The results suggest that both immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry are sensitive diagnostic techniques in comparison to isolation.

SYSTEMATIC TESTING OF INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES IN MILK*

1952 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Silverman ◽  
F. V. Kosikowsky
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Disc Assay

A portion of a 30 ml sample of milk is tested for general inhibition by a starter activity test and if positive results are obtained the remainder of the sample is subjected to a disc assay test for antibiotics and specific chemical test for quaternary ammonium compounds and sulfonamides. All of these tests are readily adaptable to a systematic laboratory procedure. Their significance and limitations are discussed.

Aging Detection of Glass Disc Insulator by using Infrared Camera

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Mohammed Imran Mousa ◽  
Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek ◽  
Zainab Imran Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Internal Defect ◽  
Glass Disc ◽  
A New Technique

<p>Suitable diagnostic techniques for outdoor glass insulators are important for ensuring the reliablilty and stability of power system. The possibility of insulator flash-over increases, especially when the insulator is covered by pollution layers or has an internal defect. In this paper, a new technique to detect the pollution level and invisible damage by measuring the surface temperature of glass disc insulators is proposed. A high definition camera had been used to determine the surface temperatures of four glass insulators. The effects of applied voltage on the surface temperature and its distribution were studied. The results show the possibility of using the infrarad camera to detect the aging level and invisible damages of the glass insulators.</p>

Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Vocal Cord Function in Infants and Children

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Blinded Manner ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
And Function ◽  
Laryngeal Anatomy ◽  
In Infants And Children

The determination of the cause of stridor in the infant and child is an important directive for the otolaryngologist. The limitations of current clinical diagnostic techniques have provided the impetus for pursuing newer, more practical techniques to diagnose vocal cord paralysis in children. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new technique to image the larynx and determine its role in discerning vocal cord paralysis in children. This study began with an animal study (lamb model) demonstrating that computerized ultrasound can accurately delineate laryngeal anatomy and function. The human protocol included 27 patients (age 1 day to 14 years): 15 with normal larynges and 12 with vocal cord paralysis. Recorded ultrasound studies of these subjects were compiled in a randomly ordered videotape and presented twice and viewed in a blinded manner by four expert raters. Statistical analysis of their readings revealed that ultrasound is a highly accurate technique to document vocal cord paralysis, with a high degree of interrater and intrarater reliability. Beyond the accuracy and consistency of computerized ultrasound, there are many other aspects of this technique that make it clinically attractive. Laryngeal ultrasound is noninvasive, painless, and widely accepted. It is relatively safe, with no radiation exposure and no need for sedation or anesthesia. It is well tolerated by patients and their families. The results are easily displayed and recorded and available for hard copy storage. This investigation should not be interpreted as an endorsement for laryngeal ultrasound as a replacement for endoscopy in children. This work does indicate, however, that ultrasound is a technique that can accurately address the special issue of vocal cord mobility in infants and children. At present, this is the primary use for laryngeal ultrasound, although with additional investigation and sophistication it is likely that ultrasound of the larynx may become useful for other purposes.

scholarly journals Ability of the Borreliacidal Antibody Test To Confirm Lyme Disease in Clinical Practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Callister ◽  
Dean A. Jobe ◽  
William A. Agger ◽  
Ronald F. Schell ◽  
Todd J. Kowalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Positive Results

ABSTRACT Highly specific borreliacidal antibodies are induced by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, and a borreliacidal antibody test (BAT) may be an accurate laboratory procedure for confirming Lyme disease in clinical practice. To investigate this, 34 Lyme disease sera and 34 sera from patients with other illnesses who had presented to a primary-care facility located in an area of borreliosis endemicity were tested by the BAT and Western blotting (WB). The BAT was more sensitive (79% versus 65%; P = 0.090), especially in cases in which patients had a single erythema migrans lesion (P = 0.021). In addition, the potentially cross-reactive sera were negative by the BAT but WB yielded three (9%) false-positive results. The results from 104 sera from possible Lyme disease patients demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the more sensitive and specific BAT. The BAT was positive for 40 (38%) sera from patients with Lyme disease-related symptoms and appropriate clinical and epidemiological findings. WB confirmed Lyme disease in 30 (75%) of the 40 BAT-positive patients but failed to detect B. burgdorferi infection in 10 BAT-positive patients. WB was also positive for 11 BAT-negative sera, but six (55%) patients had case histories which suggested that the results were false positives. Collectively, the results confirm that the BAT is a sensitive and highly specific test and suggest that widespread use would increase the accuracy of serodiagnostic confirmation of Lyme disease.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of coproscopic concentration techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Taglioretti ◽  
N. Sardella ◽  
M. Fugassa
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Sensitive Technique ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the concentration techniques of flotation-centrifugation with zinc chloride (FZn) (δ = 1.45) with the spontaneous sedimentation (SSed) and the sucrose flotation-centrifugation (FSuc) (δ = 1.2) to recuperate gastrointestinal parasites from camelid fecal samples. The technique with more positive results for the detection of Nematodirus sp., Trichuris sp., strongyle-type eggs and Eimeria macusaniensis oocysts was the FZn. For Trichuris sp. and Eimeria macusaniensis, the higher coverglass counts were detected by FZn procedure. No significant differences were registered among centrifugation flotation techniques for Nematodirus spp. Coverglass count for strongyle-type eggs was significantly higher for FSuc than FZn (p = 0.0005) or SSed (p = 0.0005), being also significantly higher for FZn than for SSed (p = 0.008). FZn is a sensitive technique that allows the recovery of parasite elements with high density and it exerts low osmotic pressure avoiding parasite deformation.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal parasites of a population of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
S. S. M. Gallo ◽  
C. S. Teixeira ◽  
N. B. Ederli ◽  
F. C. R. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
South American ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Dromaius Novaehollandiae ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Protozoan Species

Abstract Emus are large flightless birds in the ratite group and are native to Australia. Since the mid-1980s, there has been increased interest in the captive breeding of emus for the production of leather, meat and oil. The aim of this study was to identify gastrointestinal parasites in the feces of emus Dromaius novaehollandiae from a South American scientific breeding. Fecal samples collected from 13 birds were examined by direct smears, both with and without centrifugation, as well as by the fecal flotation technique using Sheather’s sugar solution. Trophozoites, cysts and oocysts of protozoa and nematode eggs were morphologically and morphometrically evaluated. Molecular analysis using PCR assays with specific primers for the genera Entamoeba, Giardia and Cryptosporidium were performed. Trophozoites and cysts of Entamoeba spp. and Giardia spp., oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Isospora dromaii, as well as eggs belonging to the Ascaridida order were found in the feces. Three animals were diagnosed with Giardia spp., and three were positive for Entamoeba spp. based on PCR techniques. After analyzing the data, we concluded that emus were infected enzootically by nematode and protozoan species.

Comparison among FLOTAC, Kato-Katz and formalin ether concentration techniques for diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections in school children in an Egyptian rural setting

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Amal Farahat Allam ◽  
Hoda Fahmy Farag ◽  
Wael Lotfy ◽  
Hayam Hussien Fawzy ◽  
Heba Elhadad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Helminthic Infection

Abstract The study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of the Kato-Katz, formalin ether concentration method (FECM) and FLOTAC using Sheather's sugar solution (FS1), saturated sodium chloride (FS2) and zinc sulfate (FS7) for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites among school children, focusing on Schistosoma mansoni. Ninety fecal samples were examined using the above mentioned techniques. The overall infection rate was 87.7%. Concerning protozoa, FLOTAC (FS1 and FS2) and FECM detected nearly equal infection rates (43.3% and 44.4%, respectively) with very good agreement. Kato-Katz diagnosed the highest helminthic infection rate (57.8%) followed by FLOTAC FS7 (44.4%) and FECM showed the lowest helminthic infection rate (27.7%). As for S. mansoni, Kato-Katz showed an infection rate of 38.8% vs FLOTAC (22.2%) and FECM (11.1%). The three techniques detected the same infection rate (11.1%) with egg counts more than 72 eggs/gram of feces. The FLOTAC sensitivity and accuracy for the diagnosis of protozoa were 97% and 99%, respectively. Regarding helminths diagnosis, FLOTAC technique showed higher sensitivity (77%) and accuracy (87%) compared to FECM (48% sensitivity and 70% accuracy). Therefore, FLOTAC can be used synchronously or in replacement to other diagnostic techniques. This can strategically impact future control programmes of intestinal parasitic infections in limited resources settings.

scholarly journals Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from the Western Santa Catarina, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Mauricio Radavelli ◽  
Rafael Pazinato ◽  
Vanderlei Klauck ◽  
Andréia Volpato ◽  
Alexandre Balzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Nematode Eggs

This study aims to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from the Western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty four farms were analyzed in 17 different municipalities. Animals (n=217) from different production purposes (milk and meat) and age were randomly chosen. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum stored in plastic bottles and transported to the laboratory in portable coolers at 10 °C. The technique of centrifugal flotation with saturated sugar solution was carried out in order to investigate the presence of eggs, cysts, and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites. In 88.9% of the investigated animals, it was observed that the presence of nematode eggs which belongs to the Strongylida order, after cultivation and larvae identification were identified as Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomum spp. Eggs of Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia, and Neoascaris genus were also observed. Additionally, the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. as well as cysts of Giardia spp., and Entamoeba spp. were verified. In all the farms evaluated, the animals showed a single or mixed infection, with the highest occurrence of helminths belonging to the Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus genus, as well as the protozoan Eimeria.

scholarly journals Unfair Noisy Channels and Oblivious Transfer

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan B. Damgård ◽  
Serge Fehr ◽  
Kirill Morozov ◽  
Louis Salvail
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Oblivious Transfer ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Noisy Channels ◽  
Bit Commitment ◽  
Correct Proof ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Proof Sketch ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Positive Results

In a paper from EuroCrypt'99, Damgård, Kilian and Salvail show various positive and negative results on constructing Bit Commitment (BC) and Oblivious Transfer (OT) from Unfair Noisy Channels (UNC), i.e., binary symmetric channels where the error rate is only known to be in a certain interval [gamma ..delta] and can be chosen adversarily. They also introduce a related primitive called PassiveUNC. We prove in this paper that any OT protocol that can be constructed based on a PassiveUNC and is secure against a passive adversary can be transformed using a generic "compiler'' into an OT protocol based on a UNC which is secure against an active adversary. Apart from making positive results easier to prove in general, this also allows correcting a problem in the EuroCrypt'99 paper: There, a positive result was claimed on constructing from UNC an OT that is secure against active cheating. We point out that the proof sketch given for this was incomplete, and we show that a correct proof of a much stronger result follows from our general compilation result and a new technique for transforming between weaker versions of OT with different parameters.

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