scholarly journals Evaluation of the accuracy of parasitological techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in cats

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanstter Hallison Alves Rezende ◽  
Juliana Boaventura Avelar ◽  
Heloísa Ribeiro Storchilo ◽  
Marina Clare Vinaud ◽  
Ana Maria de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The accuracy of the parasitological techniques of Willis, Hoffman-Pons-Janer or Lutz (HPLJ), Sheather and Faust was evaluated in fecal samples from stray cats caught by the Zoonosis Control Center in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. These four techniques were applied separately to analyze 154 fecal samples, and their accuracy was analyzed based on an evaluation of their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Kappa index, resulting in the selection of the Willis technique as the nominal gold standard. Of the 154 samples, 115 (74.68%) tested positive for intestinal parasites. The analysis of the frequency of positivity indicated that the HPLJ technique detected 86.1% of the positive samples and was the closest to the gold standard. The analysis of the accuracy of the techniques was evaluated using the most prevalent parasites. The Sheather technique showed the highest accuracy in the detection of Ancylostomatidae, while the Sheather and HPLJ techniques showed similar accuracies in the detection of Cystoisospora spp. when compared to the gold standard. Lastly, the Faust technique showed the highest accuracy in the detection of Toxoplasma gondii when compared to the gold standard. This study underscores the importance of combining parasitological techniques in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in cats.

scholarly journals Analysis of the accuracy of different laboratory methods for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites from stray and domiciled cats (Felis catus domesticus) in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Ataíde Silva Lima ◽  
Hanstter Hallison Alves Rezende ◽  
Tamires Mariana Dias Damas Rocha ◽  
Ana Maria de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Accuracy Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Cats are carriers of zoonotic agents to humans, including intestinal parasites. The purpose of this study was to analyze the accuracy of different laboratory methods for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites. Fecal samples were processed by the Willis, Sheather, Faust and Hoffman-Janer-Pons-Lutz (HJPL) methods. Accuracy analysis was performed determining the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and Kappa. A total of 149 fecal samples were collected, 65 from stray cats and 84 from domiciled cats. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in stray cats was 60% while in domiciled cats it was 17%. In the analysis of accuracy, the techniques that showed the greatest accuracy for Ancylostomids were Willis and Faust, for Cystoisospora spp. Sheather with Faust or HPJL, and Toxoplasma gondii/Hammondia hammondi the association between Willis and Faust. Therefore, for a reliable evaluation of the prevalence of intestinal parasites, at least two different techniques should be used in parasitological exams of feces.

scholarly journals Investigation of the rapid immunochromatographic test performance in the diagnosis of syphilis; comparison of four serological methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Agah Terzi ◽  
Ozlem Aydemir ◽  
Engin Karakece ◽  
Huseyin Hatipoglu ◽  
Mehmet Olmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractObjectivesTo test the performance of the newly available rapid test for syphilis, we compared it with Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA). Additionally, we investigated the performance of rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) at our laboratory using TPHA as a gold standard.MethodsThe serum samples of 595 patients with the pre-diagnosis of syphilis were studied by four serological methods. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of RPR, CMIA, and syphilis rapid test were assessed by utilizing TPHA as a gold standard for the diagnosis of syphilis.ResultsOf the patients, 6.2% (37/595) had positive RPR, 5.5% (33/595) had positive CMIA, 5.5% (33/595) had a positive rapid immunochromatographic method and 5% (30/595) had positive TPHA. When TPHA results were taken as the reference, the sensitivity of the rapid test for syphilis was 100%, the specificity was 99.5%, PPV was 90.9%, and NPV was 100.0%.ConclusionsIt was observed that the rapid test for syphilis used in the study was quite successful, its cost was appropriate, and the test was very fast and easy to apply. At the same time, the agreement between syphilis rapid test and TPHA was found to be excellent.

scholarly journals The discrepancy between manual and computerized leukocyte and thrombocyte counts

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Bambang Permono ◽  
Retno Asih ◽  
I Dewa Gede Ugrasena
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Thrombocyte Count ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Manual Group ◽  
Manual Examination ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Normal Leukocyte

Background Discrepancy between results of leukocyte and throm-bocyte count by computerized and manual examination may existObjective To determine the discrepancy between computerizedand manual leukocyte and thrombocyte count.Methods The design was a randomized sampling cross sectionalstudy. The blood sample was examined with computerized CellDyn 1400 instrument for the leukocyte and thrombocyte count. Formanual examination, blood smear was performed to measurethrombocyte while leukocyte was measured in Improved Neubauerhemocytometer. The results of computerized examination wereused as gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values ofmanual count were calculated. The agreement of Kappa and McNemar test were determinedResults Blood specimens drawn from 100 patients with differentkinds of diagnoses were examined using computerized and manualmethods. In computerized group, 66% had normal leukocyte and55% had normal thrombocyte count. In the manual group, 78% ofsubjects had normal leukocyte and 82% had normal thrombocytecount. From leukocyte examination, the sensitivity of manual countwas 87.9%, specificity was 41.2%, and positive predictive valuewas 74.36 with the agreement of Kappa of 0.32 and Mc Nemarvalue of 0.036. From thrombocyte examination, the sensitivity was96.4%, specificity was 35.6%, and positive predictive value was64.6 with the agreement of Kappa of 0.41 and Mc Nemar value of0.41.Conclusion The result of manual thrombocyte count was in ac-cordance with computerized with the agreement of Kappa of 0.41.On the other hand, there was a discrepancy between manual infavor of computerized leukocyte count with the agreement of Kappaof 0.32

Good diagnostic accuracy of a chemiluminescent immunoassay in stool samples for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Ramírez-Lázaro ◽  
Josep Lite ◽  
Sergio Lario ◽  
Pepa Pérez-Jové ◽  
Antònia Montserrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Good Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Laboratory-based chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA) are widely used in clinical laboratories. Some years ago, a CLIA test was developed for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in stool samples, known as LIAISON H. pylori SA, but little information on its use has been reported. To evaluate the accuracy of the LIAISON H. pylori SA assay for diagnosing H. pylori infection prior to eradication treatment. Diagnostic reliability was evaluated in 252 untreated consecutive patients with dyspepsia. The gold standard for diagnosing H. pylori infection was defined as the concordance of the rapid urease test (RUT), histopathology and urea breath test (UBT). The CLIA assay was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and 95% CIs were calculated. According to the gold standard selected, 121 patients were positive for H. pylori infection and 131 negative. LIAISON H. pylori SA had a sensitivity of 90.1% and a specificity of 92.4%, with positive and negative predictive values of 91.6% and 90.1%, respectively. The accuracy of the LIAISON H. pylori SA chemiluminescent diagnostic assay seems comparable to that of ELISA or the best-performing LFIAs. Its sensitivity and specificity, however, seem slightly lower than those of histology, RUT or UBT. The advantages of the assay are that it is cheap, automated, and minimally labor-intensive.

scholarly journals FECAL OCCULT BLOOD: A COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL AND IMMUNOCHEMICAL TESTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Luana Vilarinho BORGES ◽  
Rejane MATTAR ◽  
Joyce Matie Kinoshita da SILVA ◽  
Ana Luiza Werneck da SILVA ◽  
Flair José CARRILHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Blood Testing ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal bleeding is a warning sign that may be identified by fecal occult blood testing. A positive fecal occult blood test result requires a subsequent colonoscopy, a costly and invasive examination. Therefore, the use of diagnostic tests with optimal sensitivity and specificity is warranted. In this study, we evaluated four different fecal occult blood tests in 176 patients undergoing colonoscopy and compared their results. OBJECTIVE: To assess the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of chemical and immunochemical fecal occult blood tests in patients undergoing colonoscopy and to evaluate the degree of concordance between the tests and colonoscopy. METHODS: Patients with indications for colonoscopy also underwent fecal occult blood testing by chemical (toluidine test) and immunochemical methods, employing three commercially available kits. Based on the endoscopic findings, the colonoscopy was rated as positive or negative for colorectal bleeding. The degree of concordance between the fecal occult blood tests and the colonoscopy was evaluated by the kappa index. RESULTS: Forty-four (25%) colonoscopies were categorized as positive for colorectal bleeding. The toluidine test presented lower concordance than the immunochemical tests, which showed moderate concordance with the colonoscopy. The toluidine test had the least sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. CONCLUSION: The immunochemical fecal occult blood tests showed greater sensitivity, specificity and predictive values in detecting colorectal bleeding. The immunochemical tests had superior indexes of agreement with colonoscopy compared to the toluidine test.

scholarly journals FEV1/FEV6: A Reliable, Easy-to-Use, and Cheaper Alternative to FEV1/FVC in Diagnosing Airway Obstruction in Indian Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Kumar Singh ◽  
Amit Lohia
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Acceptability Criteria ◽  
Indian Data

Background. FEV1/FEV6 has been proposed as a cheap, reproducible and valid alternative to FEV1/FVC in spirometry. No Indian data exists on its utility to diagnose airway obstruction. Aim. we sought to determine a fixed cut off of FEV1/FEV6 to diagnose obstruction corresponding to FEV1/FVC < 0.70 proposed by GOLD guidelines. Method. Spirometry was done on patient referred to a tertiary centre in India. Age, sex, height weight were recorded in addition to spirometric variables like FEV1, FVC, FEV6. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of FEV1/FEV6 were determined with respect to gold standard of FEV1/FVC < 0.70. Results. 467 spirometries were analysed after meeting the ATS acceptability criteria. Considering FEV1/FVC < 0.7 as being the gold standard for obstruction, ROC curve was used to determine the best corresponding cut-off for FEV1/FEV6. The area under the curve was 99.3% (95% CI: 98.1–99.8%), and the FEV1/FEV6 cut-off, corresponding to the greatest sum of sensitivity and specificity, was 73%. For the total population, the FEV1/FEV6 sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were was 95.7 %, 94.2 %, 87.5 % and 97.9 % respectively. Agreement by Kappa value between two cut offs was excellent 0.89 (0.87–0.91). Conclusion. FEV1/FEV6 < 73% is a new reliable spirometry index to diagnose airway obstruction in Indian population.

scholarly journals Accuracy of a new hysteroscopic method in the assessment of tubal patency: Hysteroscopic Chromotubation

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Burak Yucel ◽  
Emine Demirel ◽  
Sefa Kelekci ◽  
Kerem Doga Seckin ◽  
Osama Shawki
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Office Hysteroscopy ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Tubal Patency ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

<p><strong>Objective</strong></p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopic chromopertubation (HCT) in the assessment of tubal patency by comparing its results with laparoscopic chromopertubation (LCT).</p><p><strong>Study Design</strong></p><p>The population of this prospective cohort study consisted of both fertile and infertile women. Sixty-four women were included to the study. HCT was assessed by the observation of the transport of highly concentrated methylene blue from uterine cavity to tubal ostia. The results of HCT were compared with the results of LCT as a gold standard. The accuracy of HCT, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in diagnosing tubal patency were calculated.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>The results of HCT and LCT were evaluated for right and left tubes, separately. One hundred and twenty-eight tubes were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for HCT were; 85.85%, 59.09%, 91% and 46.43%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion </strong></p><p>This study’s result showed that HCT had high sensitivity and moderate specificity values in the assessment of tubal patency. HCT during office hysteroscopy could give the chance to practitioners to assess tubal patency without subjecting the patient to multiple procedures.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pet and stray cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
pp. 542-550
Author(s):  
Tan L.P. ◽  
Megat Abd. Rani P.A. ◽  
Sharma R.S.K. ◽  
Syed Hussain S.S. ◽  
Watanabe M.
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Klang Valley

Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan that has a worldwide distribution, is known to infect many warm-blooded vertebrates. The feline species including domestic cats are the definitive hosts for Toxoplama gondii and shed the infective oocyst. There is lack of information on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine both the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in cats’ feces in Klang Valley, Malaysia. 198 blood and 201 fecal samples were collected from pet and stray cats from the local council, Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL) and University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia respectively. The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in the Klang Valley was found to be 5.5%. There was a high prevalence (10.5%) of T. gondii DNA detected in the cat fecal samples in both pet and stray cats suggestive of T. gondii oocyst shedding. Stray cats showed a higher seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of T. gondii than the pet cats. However, comparative analysis using Chi-square test showed no significant difference between both groups (P>0.05). Higher prevalence (10.5%) of cats shedding T. gondii DNA as compared to the seroprevalence (5.5%) was found in the cat population in the Klang Valley. The high prevalence of cats shedding T. gondii DNA is alarming as this may directly reflect the number of oocysts excreted into the environment posing a significant public health hazard.

scholarly journals Validation of maternal recall on exclusive breastfeeding 12 months after childbirth

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 2494-2500
Author(s):  
BC Schneider ◽  
BO Cata-Preta ◽  
DD Gräf ◽  
DLR Silva ◽  
FS Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Maternal Recall ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractObjective:We aimed to assess the validity of maternal recall of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 3 months obtained 12 months after childbirth.Design:A population-based birth cohort study. The gold standard is maternal report of EBF at the age of 3 months (yes or no) and age of introduction of other foods in the infant’s diet. EBF was considered when the mother reported that no liquid, semi-solid or solid food was introduced up to that moment. The variable to be validated was obtained at 12 months after childbirth when the mother was asked about the age of food introduction. The prevalence of EBF at 3 months, and sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of 12-month recall with 95 % CI were calculated.Setting:Pelotas, Brazil.Participants:3700 mothers of participants of the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort.Results:The prevalence of EBF at 3 months was 27·8 % (95 % CI 26·4, 29·3) and 49·0 % (95 % CI 47·4, 50·6) according to gold standard and maternal recall, respectively. The sensitivity of maternal recall at 12 months was 98·3 % (95 % CI 97·4, 99·0), specificity 70·0 % (95 % CI 68·2, 71·7), PPV 55·8 % (95 % CI 53·4, 58·1), NPV 99·1 % (95 % CI 98·6, 99·5) and accuracy 77·9 % (95 % CI 76·6, 79·2). When the analyses were stratified by maternal and infant characteristics, the sensitivity remained around 98 %, and the specificity ranged from 64·4 to 81·8 %.Conclusions:EBF recalled at the end of the first year of infant’s life is a valid measure to be used in epidemiological investigations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document