scholarly journals Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pet and stray cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
pp. 542-550
Author(s):  
Tan L.P. ◽  
Megat Abd. Rani P.A. ◽  
Sharma R.S.K. ◽  
Syed Hussain S.S. ◽  
Watanabe M.
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Klang Valley

Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan that has a worldwide distribution, is known to infect many warm-blooded vertebrates. The feline species including domestic cats are the definitive hosts for Toxoplama gondii and shed the infective oocyst. There is lack of information on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine both the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in cats’ feces in Klang Valley, Malaysia. 198 blood and 201 fecal samples were collected from pet and stray cats from the local council, Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL) and University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia respectively. The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in the Klang Valley was found to be 5.5%. There was a high prevalence (10.5%) of T. gondii DNA detected in the cat fecal samples in both pet and stray cats suggestive of T. gondii oocyst shedding. Stray cats showed a higher seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of T. gondii than the pet cats. However, comparative analysis using Chi-square test showed no significant difference between both groups (P>0.05). Higher prevalence (10.5%) of cats shedding T. gondii DNA as compared to the seroprevalence (5.5%) was found in the cat population in the Klang Valley. The high prevalence of cats shedding T. gondii DNA is alarming as this may directly reflect the number of oocysts excreted into the environment posing a significant public health hazard.

scholarly journals Detection and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in feces of domestic cats in Colombia

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zamora-Vélez ◽  
Jessica Triviño ◽  
Sebastián Cuadrado-Ríos ◽  
Fabiana Lora-Suarez ◽  
Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
High Density ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The City

The high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the human population in Colombia has been linked to the existence of a high density of urban stray cats, exposing the whole population to a high density of oocysts. The goal of this study was to determine the DNA prevalence of T. gondii by conventional PCR and to phylogenetically analyze ROP18 sequences from positive samples in domestic cat (Felis catus) fecal samples in the city of Armenia, Quindío. Fecal samples from 140 cats were collected from 10 districts around the city. Samples were concentrated using Ritchie’s method and analyzed through optical microscopy. Concentrates were used for DNA extraction followed by nested PCR amplification for T. gondii gene B1. PCR for ROP18 was performed on all B1 positive samples; the ROP18 sequences obtained were related to the Archetype I Brazilian and Chinese strains. No oocysts were detected by optical microscopy; however, 17.8% (25/140) B1 and 24% (6/25) ROP18 PCR-positive samples were detected. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates clustered into a single group. We assessed whether associations existed between T. gondii positive fecal samples and survey variables such as cat healthcare and socioeconomic characteristics of owners, but no statistically significant associations were found. The presence of T. gondii in cat feces is an important factor contributing to the high prevalence in the human population of this city.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs of riverside communities of Mato Grosso Pantanal, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Yuki Rodrigues ◽  
Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Eveline da Cruz Boa Sorte ◽  
Naiani Domingos Gasparetto ◽  
Felipe Augusto Constantino Seabra da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan with worldwide distribution and dogs act as sentinels of human infection. This search aimed to determine the occurrence of antibodies against T. gondii in dogs of the communities on the Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso and variables associated with infection. The dogs of the riverside communities in Cuiabá River, which includes Barranco Alto, Praia do Poço, Engenho Velho, Varginha, Bom Sucesso, Passagem da Conceição and São Gonçalo Beira Rio, were evaluated for the presence of T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The prevalence and factors associated with infection were calculated by chi-squared test (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test, and univariate and multiple analysis. Of the 248 dogs surveyed, 107 (43.1%) were seropositive for T. gondii. The seroprevalence ranged from 25.6% to 64.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between the communities studied (p > 0.05). As for the associated factors, the only statistically significant factor was that of dogs living with cats (p = 0.02), with approximately twice the risk of acquiring infection. In conclusion, the seroprevalence in dogs of riverside communities in the Baixada Cuiabana demonstrated that high rates of infection, being the factor associated with infection, contact with domestic cats.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF MICRONUCLEUS FREQUENCY AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH SYMPTOMS AMONG TRAFFIC POLICEMEN EXPOSED TO BTEX AND PM2.5 IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Fairus Awang ◽  
Juliana Jalaludin ◽  
Suhaili Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohd Talib Latif ◽  
Noor Fatihah Mohamad Fandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Traffic Policemen ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Klang Valley

Volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), and particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) are often associated with traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and harm the health of the community. This study aimed to evaluate the personal air pollutant exposure, micronucleus (MN) frequency, and respiratory health symptoms among 160 traffic policemen and 149 office workers in Klang Valley. Personal exposure concentrations for BTEX and PM2.5 among traffic police were 390.12 μg/m3 and 140.00 μg/m3 respectively, whereas 97.64 μg/m3 (BTEX) and 23.00 µg/m3 (PM2.5) among office workers. Statistical analysis for MN frequency between traffic policemen (6.2±2.6) and office workers (3.0±2.0) shows a significant difference (p < 0.001). The Chi-Square test for respiratory health symptoms indicates that only cough shows the significant differences between traffic policemen and office workers (χ2 = 5.645, p = 0.018, PR = 1.800). In short, this study showed that TRAP exposure would increase the chromosomal damage that can cause high MN frequency among traffic policemen and would increase the prevalence of respiratory health symptoms among urban workers. 

scholarly journals Seropathological Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in Stray Cats in Baghdad Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Mohammed J. Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Alveolar Space ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Local Necrosis

The current study was performed an investigation in seropositive stray cats with Toxoplasma gondii and to correlate the results of pathological lesions with seropositive results of the cats. To achieve these goals, fifty blood samples and specimens from internal organs (liver, spleen, brain, kidney, intestine and lung) of stray cats were collected from different area of Baghdad Province during the period 1.10.2011-1.10.2012. Seropositive ELISA-IgG was demonstrated that 66 % of stray cats while female expressed (75 %) of seropositive ELISA-IgG were higher than male (30% ) and animals with average age 2months showed high percentage of seropositive ELISA-IgG (100%) as compared with age (adult cat) that expressed( 63.82 %) of seropositive. There was a significant difference (P≤0.01) among positive cases to anti-Toxoplasma ELISA-IgG. Severe pathological lesions were noticed in the lungs ,livers and intestines of animals that expressed high (optical density) (OD) of anti-Toxoplasma IgG ,in addition ,tachyzoits intracytoplasm of alveolar macrophages and hepatocytes as well as free zoites in alveolar space of the lung, were reported. Local necrosis with tachyzoites was seen in the brain of the cats, in addition to mineralization. On bases of the presence of pathological lesions in cats that expressed seropositive anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, it can be conclude that T.gondii is responsible for the appearance of inflammatory reaction in the internal organs of cats and there is a correlation between seropositive and pathological lesions of T.gondii infection and this parasite is highly distributed in Baghdad stray cats and it may be an important cause of abortion in the women.

scholarly journals Zoonotic and other gastrointestinal parasites in cats in Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izzu Ar-Rifqi Rabbani ◽  
Fairuz Jihan Mareta ◽  
Kusnoto ◽  
Poedji Hastutiek ◽  
Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Relationship between humans and cats has negative impact associates with zoonotic diseases. It is the reason why studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in cats are important. Some of zoonotic GI parasites in cats are Toxocara spp, Ancylostoma sp, and Toxoplasma gondii. The current study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of GI parasites in owned and stray cats in Lumajang East Java Indonesia. One hundred and twenty fecal samples were collected from owned and stray cats on November 2018 to January 2019. The samples were examined by direct smears, sedimentation and flotation techniques. Identification of parasites was determined based on the morphology of worm eggs and protozoan cysts. The results showed that gastrointestinal parasites were found in 68.33% (82/120) examined samples, respectively, 48.33% (29/60) and 88.33% (53/60) from owned cats and stray cats. We found 7 genera of parasites, 4 genera of worm eggs and 2 genera protozoan oocyst. The egg worm were Toxocara cati (40 %), Toxocara leonina. (10.33%), Ancylostoma sp. (18.33%), Diphylobothrium sp. (3.33%) and Dipylidium caninum (1.67%). The protozoan oocyst were Isospora felis (27.5%), Isospora rivolta (13.33%) and Eimeria spp. (8.33%). Toxocara cati, Ancylostoma sp. (hookworm), Diphylobothrium sp. and Dipylidium caninum were zoonotic parasites. Rate infection in younger and older cat were no significant difference. One cat can be infected one or more parasite. To conclude, the prevalence of zoonotic GI parasites both in owned and stray cats were high. It is necessary to plan a program to control this zoonotic parasites.

scholarly journals Prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats in Mashhad area, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Khodaverdi ◽  
Gholamreza Razmi
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Flotation Technique

Abstract Background Cats as a definitive host have an important role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of Toxoplasma gondii infection and isolate and identify the genotypes of T. gondii in stray cats in the Mashhad suburb. Methods From April 2016 to August 2017, 175 fecal samples from stray cats and 31 brain samples from cats killed in driving accidents were collected. The fecal samples were examined by fecal flotation technique and T. gondii-specific PCR. The brain samples were investigated by T. gondii-specific PCR and consequently examined by mice bioassay. The DNA of T. gondii isolated was genotyped using SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB and GRA6 as PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) markers. Results In the present study, Toxoplasma-like oocysts were microscopically observed in 2.2% (4/175) fecal samples. The presence of Toxoplasma oocysts was confirmed in one microscopy-positive sample by PCR. In addition, T. gondii DNA was detected in 4% (7/175) microscopy-negative samples using PCR. T. gondii was isolated from one brain PCR-positive sample by mice bioassay. The isolate was avirulent and many T. gondii cysts were observed in mice brain. The isolate was successfully genotyped by PCR-RLFP analysis. The isolated genotyped was type II. Besides, eight Toxoplasma-positive fecal samples contained insufficient DNA and only amplified at SAG-3 locus in PCR. These samples were also showed type II pattern at this locus. Conclusions Parasitological and molecular results showed low frequency of Toxoplasma infection in the stray cats, and identified the genotype of T. gondii isolate as type II, for the first time in Mashhad area, Khorasan Razavi Province.

scholarly journals Analysis of the accuracy of different laboratory methods for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites from stray and domiciled cats (Felis catus domesticus) in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Ataíde Silva Lima ◽  
Hanstter Hallison Alves Rezende ◽  
Tamires Mariana Dias Damas Rocha ◽  
Ana Maria de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Accuracy Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Cats are carriers of zoonotic agents to humans, including intestinal parasites. The purpose of this study was to analyze the accuracy of different laboratory methods for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites. Fecal samples were processed by the Willis, Sheather, Faust and Hoffman-Janer-Pons-Lutz (HJPL) methods. Accuracy analysis was performed determining the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and Kappa. A total of 149 fecal samples were collected, 65 from stray cats and 84 from domiciled cats. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in stray cats was 60% while in domiciled cats it was 17%. In the analysis of accuracy, the techniques that showed the greatest accuracy for Ancylostomids were Willis and Faust, for Cystoisospora spp. Sheather with Faust or HPJL, and Toxoplasma gondii/Hammondia hammondi the association between Willis and Faust. Therefore, for a reliable evaluation of the prevalence of intestinal parasites, at least two different techniques should be used in parasitological exams of feces.

scholarly journals Relationship between Fixed Dental Crowns and Volatile Sulphur Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
Hamad Alzoman ◽  
Syed Rashid Habib ◽  
Sultan Alghamdi ◽  
Hebah Al-Juhani ◽  
Rawan Daabash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Mercaptan ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dental Crowns ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Volatile Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the level of halitosis in patients with/without fixed crowns and in addition the influence of various crown parameters on halitosis was also explored. Methods: In total, 96 subjects (fixed crowns = 52; no crowns = 44) participated in the study. The levels volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulphide (CH3SCH3) were evaluated with breath samples using gas chromatography and used for classification as presence or absence of halitosis. The periodontal clinical parameters for all the participants as well as the crown parameters for participants with fixed crowns were also evaluated. Cross tabulation, Chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance tests were used for the statistical analysis and comparisons. Results: Breath samples revealed, 50 (52.1%) participants were suffering from halitosis. Out of VSCs, the level of CH3SCH3 (62.5%) was found to be the most prevalent. Significant correlations were observed between the presence of fixed crowns and oral halitosis (p < 0.001). Statistically significant difference in the concentration of H2S and CH3SH (p < 0.001) and no significance for CH3SCH3 (p = 0.075) between patients with/without fixed crowns was found. The presence of halitosis was more prevalent in the subjects with crown parameters (subgingival margin, over-contoured margin, open-crown margin, over-contoured and under-contoured crowns) considered clinically defective/unacceptable (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Presence of fixed dental crowns significantly contributes to the oral halitosis. Dental crowns with defects significantly impair the hygienic conditions and oral microflora resulting in high prevalence of halitosis.

scholarly journals Ectoparasite Infestation among Stray Cats around Surabaya Traditional Market, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Shifa Fauziyah ◽  
Abdul Hadi Furqoni ◽  
Norma Farizah Fahmi ◽  
Adi Pranoto ◽  
Pradika Gita Baskara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Ectoparasite Infestation

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ectoparasite infestation among stray cats around Surabaya traditional markets. A total of 305 stray cats were collected around 17 traditional markets in Surabaya City and were examined for the presence of fleas with a fine-toothed flea comb. Surveys were conducted during May-June 2019. 228 of 305 stray cats (74.75%) were infested with one species of ectoparasite. The average number of C. felis in every cat was 2.54, while the number of F. subrostratus in every cat was 0.33. Additional data about the gender, pregnancy/maternity, and bodyweight of every cat were recorded. The result of chi-square test shows that there is a significant difference between gender, pregnancy status, and bodyweight by the occurrence of ectoparasites (p=0.008; p=0.00; p=0.00). A total of 878 ectoparasites consisting of flea and lices, namely Ctenocephalides felis (88.27%) as the dominant ectoparasite, followed by Felicola subrostratus (11.73%). The highest infection rate (prevalence) of ectoparasite was found in Pucang Market (16.81%), while the lowest prevalence was found in Mulyorejo Market (0.8%). Coinfection was observed in only a few cats (1.63%). Multiple Regression showed that pregnancy is the most influential factor in the occurrence of fleas (p=0.000). These results should be taken into account among health workers to prevent a possible outbreak of zoonotic diseases caused by fleas. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats in Mashhad area, Iran.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Khodaverdi ◽  
Gholamreza Razmi
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Background: Cats as a definitive host have an important role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of Toxoplasma gondii infection and isolate and identify the genotypes of T. gondii in stray cats in the Mashhad suburb. Methods: From April 2016 to August 2017, 175 fecal samples from stray cats and 31 brain samples from cats killed in driving accidents were collected. The fecal samples were examined by fecal flotation technique and T. gondii-specific PCR. The brain samples were investigated by T. gondii-specific PCR and consequently examined by mice bioassay. The DNA of T. gondii isolated was genotyped using SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB and GRA6 as PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) markers. Results: In the present study, Toxoplasma-like oocysts were microscopically observed in 2.2% (4/175) fecal samples. The presence of Toxoplasma oocysts was confirmed in one microscopy-positive sample by PCR. In addition, T. gondii DNA was detected in 4% (7/175) microscopy-negative samples using PCR. T. gondii was isolated from one brain PCR-positive sample by mice bioassay. The isolate was avirulent and many T. gondii cysts were observed in mice brain. The isolate was successfully genotyped by PCR-RLFP analysis .The isolated genotyped was type II. Besides, eight Toxoplasma-positive fecal samples contained insufficient DNA and only amplified at SAG-3 locus in PCR. These samples were also showed type II pattern at this locus. Conclusions: Parasitological and molecular results showed low frequency of Toxoplasma infection in the stray cats, and identified the genotype of T. gondii isolate as type II, for the first time in Mashhad area, Khorasan Razavi Province.

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