scholarly journals Herd-level spatial cluster analysis of bovine cysticercosis in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Amanda Rafaela Alves Maia ◽  
Paulo Sérgio de Arruda Pinto ◽  
Rafaella Paola Meneguete dos Guimarães Peixoto ◽  
Letícia Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Leise Gomes Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
The State ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Bovine Cysticercosis

Abstract The aim of this survey was to identify spatial clustering of bovine cysticercosis-positive herds in the state of Paraíba. The state was divided into three sampling groups: sampling stratum 1 (Sertão mesoregion), sampling stratum 2 (Borborema mesoregion) and sampling stratum 3 (Zona da Mata and Agreste mesoregions), and 2382 cows aging ≥ 24 months from 474 farms were sampled. Serological diagnoses of bovine cysticercosis were initially done by means of indirect ELISA, and positive serum samples were confirmed by a immunoblot test. Herds were deemed positive for cysticercosis if they presented at least one positive animal in herds of up to 29 females, and two positive animals in herds with more than 29 females. The spatial clustering was assessed using the Cuzick-Edwards k-nearest neighbor method and spatial scan statistics. A significant clustering of positive herds was detected in the southern part of the Borborema mesoregion. Given that serological tests for bovine cysticercosis are not widely available, and also that replacement and maintenance of herds through animal purchases is common in the region, it can be concluded that prevention measures should be applied at herd level.

scholarly journals Spatial cluster analysis for bovine paratuberculosis in Paraiba State, Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197
Author(s):  
Sérgio S. Azevedo ◽  
Ana L.T. Vilar ◽  
Carolina S.A.B. Santos ◽  
Inácio J. Clementino ◽  
Leise G. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Movement ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
The State ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Serological Tests

ABSTRACT: The aim of this survey was to identify spatial clustering of bovine paratuberculosis positive herds in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. The state was divided into three sampling groups: sampling stratum 1 (mesoregion of Sertão), sampling stratum 2 (mesoregion of Borborema), and sampling stratum 3 (mesoregions of Zona da Mata and Agreste). Ten animals were sampled in herds with up to 99 cows aged over 24 months; 15 animals were sampled in herds with 100 or more cows aged over 24 months; and all animals were sampled in those with up to 10 cows aged over 24 months. In total, 2504 cows aged ≥ 24 months were sampled from 480 herds. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) test kits were used for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) antibody detection. A herd was deemed positive for paratuberculosis if it included at least one positive animal in herds of up to 24 females, and two positive animals in herds with more than 24 females. Spatial clustering was assessed using the Cuzick-Edwards’ k-nearest neighbor method and spatial scan statistics. Two significant clustering of positive herds were detected in Northern part of Borborema mesoregion, a border region with the State of Rio Grande do Norte, in which there is a large animal movement from different locations without knowing the sanitary condition of animals. As serological tests for MAP diagnosis are not widely available and are very expensive, as well as replacement or maintenance of livestock by animal purchasing is common in the region, it is concluded that prevention measures should be applied at herd level.

scholarly journals Herd-level seroprevalence and associated risk factors for bovine cysticercosis in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R.A. Maia ◽  
Leise G. Fernandes ◽  
Paulo S.A. Pinto ◽  
Rafaella P.M. Guimarães-Peixoto ◽  
Letícia F. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Bovine Cysticercosis ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Spatiotemporal clustering, social inequities and the risk of leptospirosis in an endemic area of Brazil: a retrospective spatial modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katyucia O C de Souza ◽  
José Augusto P Góes ◽  
Matheus S Melo ◽  
Paula M G Leite ◽  
Lucas A Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Social Inequities

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Brazil of social and economic relevance related to behavioural and socioenvironmental factors. This study aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution of the incidence of leptospirosis and its association with social determinants in health in a state of northeastern Brazil. Methods An ecological study of temporal series with techniques of spatial analysis using secondary data of the cases of leptospirosis notified in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of the state of Sergipe (2008–2017) was conducted. The analysis of temporal trends was performed using Poisson regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the Moran index, the local empirical Bayesian model, scan statistics and spatial regression. Results The incidence rate decreased from 3.66 to 1.44 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in 2008 and 2017, respectively. Leptospirosis was associated with social inequities, mostly affecting males aged 20–49 y living in urban areas. The space-time scan indicated the formation of a risk cluster in municipalities in the metropolitan region of the state. Conclusions The data indicated the persistence of leptospirosis transmission, maintaining a pattern of high endemicity in some municipalities associated with social inequities. The study showed the temporal and spatial dynamics of the disease to better target specific actions for prevention and control.

scholarly journals Serosurvey on rickettsiae of the spotted fever group and Rickettsia bellii among dogs in the state of Goiás, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucianne Cardoso Neves ◽  
Ana Laura Gonçalves Barreto ◽  
Mariana Xavier de Souza ◽  
Danieli Brolo Martins ◽  
Amália Regina Mar Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
First Record ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
The State ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Parkeri ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Rickettsia Bellii

Abstract The purpose of this study was to do a serological survey on three rickettsial species: Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia parkeri, two species of the spotted fever group (SFG) that are considered to be great importance for public health; and Rickettsia bellii, a species of unknown pathogenicity that infects a variety of human-biting ticks. Serum samples from 273 dogs were tested using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). A total of 52 samples (19.04%) were seropositive for at least one of the three Rickettsia spp. antigens. Thirty-eight (73.07%), twelve (23.07%) and one (1.92%) of these dogs showed homologous reactions to R. bellii, R. rickettsii and R. parkeri, respectively. Our results showed that the seroprevalence of Rickettsia spp. was relatively low. However, the positive serological tests indicated that these dogs had become infected by these agents at some point in their lives. Lastly, our study adds to the previous knowledge on the epidemiology of rickettsiosis in the state of Goiás by doing the first record of detection of anti-R. rickettsii, R. parkeri and R. bellii antibodies by IFA among dogs, thus indicating that these agents may be circulating in the dog population analyzed.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with BoHV-1 and BVDV seropositivity in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from the State of Paraiba, Northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leise Gomes Fernandes ◽  
Carla Lauise Rodrigues Menezes Pimenta ◽  
Edviges Maristela Pituco ◽  
Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil ◽  
Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Factors Associated

This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BoHV-1) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infections in buffaloes in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, using 136 female buffaloes ? 24 months old from 14 herds. For the serological diagnosis of the BoHV-1 and BVDV infections, the virus-neutralization test (VN) was used and in each herd, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied in order to obtain data to be used in the risk factor analysis. Of the 136 animals 86 (63.2%) were positive for BoHV-1 and 12 (8.8%) for BVDV. The presence of watering points (odds ratio = 17.68; 95% CI = 3.74 – 83.04) was identified as risk factor for BoHv-1, and animal purchasing was a risk factor for both BoHV-1 (odds ratio = 68.64; 95% CI = 12.28 – 383.73) and BVDV (odds ratio = 3.64; 95% CI = 1.04 – 12.76). The results from the present study showed an evidence of the presence of BoHV-1 and BVDV infections in buffaloes from the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. It is suggested that control and prevention measures should be adopted, such as the use of diagnostic tests prior to animal purchasing and the use of vaccines to avoid the introduction of infected animals into the herds and the consequent dissemination of the infections, minimizing economic losses.

Herd-level prevalence and risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leise Gomes Fernandes ◽  
Adriana Hellmeister de Campos Nogueira ◽  
Eliana De Stefano ◽  
Edviges Maristela Pituco ◽  
Cláudia Pestana Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Analysis of spatial clustering, time trend, social vulnerability and risk of human visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area in Brazil: an ecological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 575-584
Author(s):  
Acácio W F Andrade ◽  
Carlos D F Souza ◽  
Rodrigo F Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Empirical Bayesian Method ◽  
Risk Areas

Abstract Background More than 95% of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases in Latin America occur in Brazil, most of them in the northeast. The objective of this study was to identify spatial clusters with the highest risks of VL and to analyse the temporal behaviour of the incidence and the effects of social vulnerability on the disease transmission dynamic in northeastern Brazil. Methods All confirmed cases registered as residents in the state of Pernambuco during the period from 2007 to 2017 were analysed. The local empirical Bayesian method was applied and the association -between the VL incidence rate and municipal social vulnerability was tested via classic multivariate regression. Results A total of 1186 new cases were registered during the study period. Spatial analysis showed heterogeneous distribution, with the highest rates observed in the São Francisco and Sertão mesoregions. Moreover, the main factors associated with VL were urban infrastructure, income and work. Conclusions It was observed that spatial and temporal techniques are important tools for defining risk areas for VL, in conjunction with the evaluation of indexes of social vulnerability, which was shown to be an important factor for comprehending associations with VL in the state of Pernambuco.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and predominant serogroups of Leptospira sp. in serological tests of ruminants in northeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Carla Lauise Rodrigues Menezes Pimenta ◽  
Camila de Sousa Bezerra ◽  
Davidianne de Andrade Morais ◽  
Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Denise Batista Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis and the predominant serogroups in serological tests of ruminants performed at the Transmissible Diseases Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, between 2010 and 2017. This research included the records of serological tests for leptospirosis from 5594 animals, including 1527 cattle, 1761 goats, 2170 sheep, and 136 buffaloes from four Brazilian states (Paraíba, Pernambuco, Maranhão, and Rio Grande do Norte). Of the 5594 serum samples, 662 were serologically positive, corresponding to a frequency of 11.8%. Serjoe (30.6%), Autumnalis (13.6%), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (11.3%) were the most frequent subgroups among all species. The individual frequencies in cattle, goats, sheep, and buffaloes were 20% (306/1527), 8.3% (147/1761), 7.9% (171/2170), and 27.9% (38/136), respectively, with titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:3200. The most frequent serogroups according to animal species were as follows: Serjoe predominated in cattle (62%), followed by Icterohaemorrhagiae (12.5%) and Tarassovi (6.6%); Autumnalis was the most frequent in goats and sheep (29.4% and 26.9%, respectively), followed by Seramanga (12.5%) in goats and Icterohaemmorrhagiae (13.5%) in sheep; and Australis predominated in buffaloes (39.5%), followed by Pomona (31.6%) and Canicola (21.1%). Leptospira sp. infection, determined by serology, is widespread in ruminants (cattle, goats, sheep, and buffaloes) in northeastern Brazil, suggesting the existence of alternative transmission routes that are less dependent on environmental factors. Identification of the most frequent serogroups highlights the need to improve sanitary conditions, and implement efficient and targeted control measures directed at the primary infection sources.

scholarly journals Occurrence and risk factors assessment associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in chickens in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvio G. de Sá ◽  
José W. Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
Sineide M. de Oliveira Vilela ◽  
Erica P.B.X. Moraes ◽  
Pedro P.F. Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Backyard Poultry

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection and risk factors of this disease in three hundred serum samples from on 23 familiar agricultural properties in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. ELISA was used to study antibodies anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The univariate analysis (chi-squared test or Fischer's exact test) followed by multivariate analysis (logistic regression) were used to assess the risk factors with two variables: management and sanity of the poultry. It was detected a frequence of 53.33% (157/300) of the birds were positive for MG, with 100% foci. The risk factors confirmed by multivariate analysis, in the present study, were the presence of other poultry species on the property, including Numida meleagris (OR=2.22; p=0.005), parrots (OR=1.72; p=0.027), and of passerines (OR=1.88; p=0.007). These results showed that Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection is endemic among backyard poultry in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco. These birds could be a source of infection for other wild or domestic poultry. . This is the first report of the occurrence of avian mycoplasmosis in backyard poultry in the state of Pernambuco in northeastern Brazil. The risk factors identified should serve as a parameter for the health authorities to seek solutions related to controlling the disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document