scholarly journals Seroprevalence and predominant serogroups of Leptospira sp. in serological tests of ruminants in northeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Carla Lauise Rodrigues Menezes Pimenta ◽  
Camila de Sousa Bezerra ◽  
Davidianne de Andrade Morais ◽  
Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Denise Batista Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis and the predominant serogroups in serological tests of ruminants performed at the Transmissible Diseases Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, between 2010 and 2017. This research included the records of serological tests for leptospirosis from 5594 animals, including 1527 cattle, 1761 goats, 2170 sheep, and 136 buffaloes from four Brazilian states (Paraíba, Pernambuco, Maranhão, and Rio Grande do Norte). Of the 5594 serum samples, 662 were serologically positive, corresponding to a frequency of 11.8%. Serjoe (30.6%), Autumnalis (13.6%), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (11.3%) were the most frequent subgroups among all species. The individual frequencies in cattle, goats, sheep, and buffaloes were 20% (306/1527), 8.3% (147/1761), 7.9% (171/2170), and 27.9% (38/136), respectively, with titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:3200. The most frequent serogroups according to animal species were as follows: Serjoe predominated in cattle (62%), followed by Icterohaemorrhagiae (12.5%) and Tarassovi (6.6%); Autumnalis was the most frequent in goats and sheep (29.4% and 26.9%, respectively), followed by Seramanga (12.5%) in goats and Icterohaemmorrhagiae (13.5%) in sheep; and Australis predominated in buffaloes (39.5%), followed by Pomona (31.6%) and Canicola (21.1%). Leptospira sp. infection, determined by serology, is widespread in ruminants (cattle, goats, sheep, and buffaloes) in northeastern Brazil, suggesting the existence of alternative transmission routes that are less dependent on environmental factors. Identification of the most frequent serogroups highlights the need to improve sanitary conditions, and implement efficient and targeted control measures directed at the primary infection sources.

scholarly journals An epidemiological study of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in breeder goats from Northeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1857
Author(s):  
Maximiana Mesquita de Sousa ◽  
Alice Andrioli ◽  
Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro ◽  
Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves ◽  
Vanderlan Warlington Souza dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a retrovirus that infects goats. This study evaluated the prevalence of CAEV in breeder goats from the states of Maranhão, Ceará, Piauí, Alagoas, Sergipe, Rio Grande do Norte, and Paraíba. We collected a total of 531 serum samples from 251 properties. On average, two male breeder goats were examined from each farm. Results from western blotting demonstrated that the prevalence of CAEV was 6.2% (32/513). In each state, the following prevalence values were found: Piauí, 5.9% (7/119); Maranhão, 2.0% (01/48); Sergipe, 7.1% (03/42); Alagoas, 17.6% (03/17); Rio Grande do Norte, 4.7% (05/105); Paraíba, 2.1% (02/94); and Ceará, 12.5% (11/34). We also conducted a univariate analysis to determine the risk factors that are associated with CAEV. This analysis revealed that breeding season, records of herd data, criteria adopted for the first mating of females, castration of male goats, origin of breeders, and identification of the animal were associated with CAEV. Adopting control measures to identify CAEV-positive animals and avoid virus transmission to females, especially during breeding seasons, is crucial since, males carrying CAEV can be sources of infection for the entire herd.

scholarly journals Serological Evaluation of Specific-Antibody Levels in Patients Treated for Chronic Chagas' Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sánchez Negrette ◽  
Fernando J. Sánchez Valdéz ◽  
Carlos D. Lacunza ◽  
María Fernanda García Bustos ◽  
María Celia Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Serological tests are the main laboratory procedures used for diagnosis during the indeterminate and chronic stages of Chagas' disease. A serological regression to negativity is the main criterion used to define parasitological cure in treated patients. The aim of this work was to monitor the individual specificities of antibody levels for 3 years posttreatment in 18 adult patients. Conventional serological techniques (hemagglutination assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) were modified by using recombinant antigens to detect early markers of treatment effectiveness. For this purpose, serum samples were taken before and during treatment and every 6 months after treatment for at least 3 years. When hemagglutination assays were used, a decrease in antibody levels was observed in only one patient. When ELISA with serum dilutions was used, antibody clearance became much more apparent: in 77.7% (14/18) of the patients, antibody titers became negative with time. This was observed at serum dilutions of 1/320 and occurred between the 6th and the 30th months posttreatment. The immune response and the interval for a serological regression to negativity were different for each patient. For some of the recombinant antigens, only 50% (9/18) of the patients reached the serological regression to negativity. Recombinant antigen 13 might be a good marker of treatment effectiveness, since 66.6% (six of nine) of the patients presented with an early regression to negativity for specific antibodies to this antigen (P = 0.002).

scholarly journals Risk factors for trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax in cattle raised in Rio Grande do Norte state

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jael Soares Batista ◽  
Gabriela Hémylin Ferreira Moura ◽  
Francisco Canindé Lopes ◽  
Kaliane Alessandra Rodrigues de Paiva ◽  
Hélio Noberto de Araújo Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
European Breed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Semi Arid Region

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti Trypanosoma vivax antibodies and the possible risk factors associated with the infection in cattle in Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, through a cross-sectional epidemiological study, with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A total of 467 cattle’s serum samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. Forty-two samples tested positive for Trypanosoma vivax IgG antibodies, corresponding to the prevalence of 9%. Risk factors influencing the occurrence of trypanosomiasis were milk exploration, raising of European breeds, productivity category: lactation cow, purchase of new cattle, foraging habits near ponds and rivers, and the presence of mechanical vectors. So, high prevalence in beef animals (59.5%), females (95.2%), European breed (88.1%), lactating cows (85.7%), pasture at banks of dams and rivers (95.2%), in addition to the presence of mechanical vectors (81%) and acquisition of animals (88.1%), indicates the expansion of trypanosomiasis in Northeastern semi-arid region, and the information obtained may explain the epidemiological factors that determine the occurrence of trypanosomiasis by T. vivax in this region.

scholarly journals Serological Investigations of Brucellosis in Cattle, Farmers and Veterinarians in the Kars District of Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Otlu ◽  
M. Sahin ◽  
H. I. Atabay ◽  
A. Unver
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The prevalence of brucellosis was investigated in cattle, farmers and veterinarians in the Kars district of Turkey between 2004 - 2006. In order to achieve this, a total of 407 serum samples of cattle from 27 herds having history of abortions were examined for Brucella antibodies by RBPT and SAT. In addition, the sera collected from 246 farmers (130 males and 116 females) and 28 veterinarians in the same district were analysed serologically by RBPT, SAT and ELISA. Of the cattle sera analysed, 134 (32.92%) and 141 (34.64%) were determined as positive by RBPT and SAT, respectively. Thirty-two (13%), 35 (14.22%) and 44 (17.88%) of the farmers' sera were found positive for brucellosis by RBPT, SAT and ELISA, respectively. There was no significant difference between sexes for Brucella seropositivity. Of the 28 sera from veterinarians, 13 (46.42%) were positive by the three serological tests. The high prevalence of brucellosis both in cattle and humans suggests that brucellosis is common in this area. Preventive and control measures should be implemented and pursued more strictly to reduce and/or eradicate brucellosis from the area.

Maiden outbreaks of dengue virus 1 genotype III in rural central India

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. BARDE ◽  
B. K. KORI ◽  
M. K. SHUKLA ◽  
P. K. BHARTI ◽  
G. CHAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Central India ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Genotype Iii ◽  
Virus Serotype

SUMMARYDengue is regarded as the most important arboviral disease. Although sporadic cases have been reported, serotypes responsible for outbreaks have not been identified from central India over the last 20 years. We investigated two outbreaks of febrile illness, in August and November 2012, from Korea district (Chhattisgarh) and Narsinghpur district (Madhya Pradesh), respectively. Fever and entomological surveys were conducted in the affected regions. Molecular and serological tests were conducted on collected serum samples. Dengue-specific amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. In Korea and Narsinghpur districts 37·3% and 59% of cases were positive, respectively, for dengue infection, with adults being the worst affected. RT–PCR confirmed dengue virus serotype 1 genotype III as the aetiology. Ninety-six percent of infections were primary. This is the first time that dengue virus 1 outbreaks have been documented from central India. Introduction of the virus into the population and a conducive mosquitogenic environment favouring increased vector density caused the outbreak. Timely diagnosis and strengthening vector control measures are essential to avoid future outbreaks.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva, 1912 in an area of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sthenia Santos Albano Amóra ◽  
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua ◽  
Edmilson de Castro Dias ◽  
Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijó ◽  
Paula Gabriela Melo de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Urban increase of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is associated with the adaptation of its vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis, to environments modified by humans. The present study reports the results of an entomological monitoring of L. longipalpis and the effect of environmental variables on its population density. Sandflies were captured in the municipality of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, from January 2005 to December 2006. Two CDC light traps were placed monthly for four consecutive nights in the peridomicile of selected households. Data analysis was based on the chi-square test and linear regression. A total of 2,087 sandflies were captured, 99.86% of which were L. longipalpis. A higher proportion of females were captured (p < 0.05). Monthly analysis of the variables temperature, relative humidity and rainfall did not show a significant influence on population density. However, there were seasonal differences: approximately 70% of sand flies were captured during the rainy season (p < 0.05). The predominant species, L. longipalpis, is present in substantial number, representing a public health risk. Therefore, because of higher prevalence during the rainy season, we recommend intensified VL control measures before and during this season to reduce the risk of disease transmission.

scholarly journals Comparison seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. in large farms and individual producers in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
N. Stojanac ◽  
O. Stevancevic ◽  
B. Savic ◽  
I. Stancic ◽  
A. Potkonjak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

Salmonella is one of the most frequently reported food-borne (alimentary) infections in the world. The study objective was to evaluate seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. in the farrow-to-finish farms and individual producers. Examined fattened pigs were divided into two groups: the first group was comprised of fatteners from 4 large farms in northern Serbia, and fatteners from the other group originating from individual producers from northern Serbia and the region of eastern Serbia. Individual blood serum samples were collected from 100 pigs per farrow-to-finish farms and 300 fattening pigs from individual producers and analysed for the presence of Salmonella antibodies. A blood serum sample from each pig was frozen, and blood serum was examined for specific antibodies against Salmonella spp. using an indirect ELISA. Salmonella seroprevalence ranging from 0% to 56% was found in 4 farrow-to-finish farms. Seroprevalence of 79% was found in individual producers (300 blood serum samples). This study shows that the results of serological tests for Salmonella were different (p<0.01) for slaughtered pigs from farms and from individual producers. Pig production in Serbia is under better supervision on large farrow-to-finish farms than in the individual sector. This study is an introduction to reducing of public health risks associated with Salmonella in pork.

scholarly journals Risk factors related to seropositivity for Leptospira spp. in horses in the Serra Catarinense region

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deise Keli Farias ◽  
Gabriela Dick ◽  
Silvério Bunn ◽  
André Thaler Neto ◽  
Carolina Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Leptospira spp. The consequences of infection in horses are unclear, and the serogroups involved vary depending on the region. This study aimed to evaluate the seropositivity of unvaccinated horses in the Serra Catarinense region and the possible risk factors associated with the infection. We used 207 horses from 26 properties, with no clinical history of infection and unvaccinated for leptospirosis. We submitted serum samples to the microscopic agglutination serum (SAM) to obtain the main reference serogroups. We considered animals with titre ≥100 as infected. The results of the serology revealed seropositivity in 45.4% (94/207) of the animals studied. The most frequent antibodies reportedwere those against the serogroups Australis 16.9% (35/207), Ichterhaemorrhagiae 14.4% (30/207), and Grippotyphosa 5.31% (11/207). Among the primary risk factors associated with the infection we reported extensive rearing system (OR = 1.27; P<0.05) and the presence of other animal species such as cattle (OR = 3.85; P<0.01) and capybaras (OR = 2.07; P=0.06). The findings presented in this study showed that leptospirosis is endemic in horses in the Serra Catarinense region, and revealed the need for emergency surveillance and control measures specific to this important zoonosis.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Commercially Available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit in the Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manimuthu Mani Sankar ◽  
Veena Balooni ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
Sarman Singh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Specificity

ABSTRACT Objectives: Antibody based serodiagnosis tests for tuberculosis (TB) was used widely in developed and developing countries. Pathozyme Myco® immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgA, and IgG were evaluated in pulmonary TB in many studies. Materials and Methods: In this study we assessed this commercially available kit in detecting extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Results: A total of 354 subjects were recruited for the study, of which 217 (61.2%) were EPTB patients and 137 (38.7%) were subjects with no suggestive TB. The mean age was 29.7 ± 13.7 and 31.2 ± 15.2 years, respectively for two groups. Serum samples were tested for IgM, IgA, and IgG using Pathozyme Myco® IgM, IgA, and IgG kit. The individual specificity rates of IgM, IgA, and IgG were 70.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 62.7-77.7), 77.3% (95% CI: 68.6-83.5), and 68.6%. (95% CI: 60.4-75.7); while their sensitivity was 29% (95% CI: 23.4-35.4), 24.4% (95% CI: 19.1-30.5), and 34.5% (95% CI: 28.5-41.1); respectively. Conclusion: The serological tests either singly or in combination failed or performed poorly to diagnose EPTB.

scholarly journals Serological survey of porcine circovirus 2 antibodies in Northeastern Brazil by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Priscila Rocha Duque ◽  
Antonio Samuel Alves da Silva ◽  
Marconi Rego Barros Júnior ◽  
Andreza Maria Tenório Sergio ◽  
Clara Nilce Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2 ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Antibody Titers

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) specific antibodies were evaluated in pigs at 15 to 25 weeks of age by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. Serum samples (n = 575) were obtained from 16 commercial farms located in six states of northeastern Brazil, including two in Ceará (n = 85), three in Rio Grande do Norte (n = 92), two in Paraíba (n = 49), three in Pernambuco (n = 107), two in Alagoas (n = 39), and four in Bahia (n = 203). Out of the 575 evaluated sera, 470 (81.74%) were reagents with antibody titers ranging from 20 to 5,120. All farms presented reactive animals. There was a statistically significant difference in reactivity proportions between the states of Bahia and Ceará (p < 0.05) and between Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte (p < 0.05). This study provides the first serological investigation for PCV2 in pigs from commercial farms in Northeastern Brazil.

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