scholarly journals Are Palmer’s Elm-Leaf Goldenrod and the Smooth Elm-Leaf Goldenrod Real? The Angiosperms353 Kit Provides Within-Species Signal in Solidago ulmifolia s. l.

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113
Author(s):  
James B. Beck ◽  
Morgan L. Markley ◽  
Mackenzie G. Zielke ◽  
Justin R. Thomas ◽  
Haley J. Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Distinct Taxon ◽  
Sheer Number

Abstract— The genus Solidago represents a taxonomically challenging group due to its sheer number of species, putative hybridization, polyploidy, and shallow genetic divergence among species. Here we use a dataset obtained exclusively from herbarium specimens to evaluate the status of Solidago ulmifolia var. palmeri, a morphologically subtle taxon potentially confined to Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Missouri. A multivariate analysis of both discrete and continuous morphological data revealed no clear distinction between S. ulmifolia var. palmeri and Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia. Solidago ulmifolia var. palmeri’s status was also assessed with a phylogenomic and SNP clustering analysis of data generated with the “Angiosperms353” probe kit. Neither analysis supported Solidago ulmifolia var. palmeri as a distinct taxon, and we suggest that this name should be discarded. The status of Solidago delicatula (formerly known as Solidago ulmifolia var. microphylla) was also assessed. Both morphological and phylogenetic analyses supported the species status of S. delicatula and we suggest maintaining this species at its current rank. These results highlight the utility of the Angiosperms353 probe kit, both with herbarium tissue and at lower taxonomic levels. Indeed, this is the first study to utilize this kit to identify genetic groups within a species.

scholarly journals Is Palmer's elm leaf goldenrod real? The Angiosperms353 kit provides within-species signal in Solidago ulmifolia s.l.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B Beck ◽  
Morgan L Markley ◽  
Mackenzie G Zielke ◽  
Justin R Thomas ◽  
Haley J Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
Distinct Taxon ◽  
Sheer Number

The genus Solidago represents a taxonomically challenging group due to its sheer number of species, putative hybridization, polyploidy, and shallow genetic divergence among species. Here we use a dataset obtained exclusively from herbarium specimens to evaluate the status of Solidago ulmifolia var. palmeri, a morphologically subtle taxon potentially confined to Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Missouri. A multivariate analysis of both discrete and continuous morphological data revealed no clear distinction between S. ulmifolia var. palmeri and Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia. Solidago ulmifolia var. palmeri status was also assessed with a phylogenomic and SNP clustering analysis of data generated with the Angiosperms353 probe kit. Neither analysis supported Solidago ulmifolia var. palmeri as a distinct taxon, and we suggest that this name should be discarded. The status of Solidago delicatula (formerly known as Solidago ulmifolia var. microphylla) was also assessed. Both morphological and phylogenic analyses supported the species status of S. delicatula and we suggest maintaining this species at its current rank. These results highlight the utility of the Angiosperms353 probe kit, both with herbarium tissue and at lower taxonomic levels. Indeed, this is the first study to utilize this kit to identify genetic groups within a species.

Selected Ordovician Trilobites from the Lake St. John District of Quebec and Their Bearing on Systematics

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (S42) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre J. Lespérance ◽  
Sylvain Desbiens
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Minimal Length ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Status

The thorax of Hypodicranotus has ten segments and a spine on the eighth. The ages of Erratencrinurus s.l. spicatus and Erratencrinurus (Erratencrinurus?) vigilans in the Lake St. John district do not confirm their temporal roles leading to subgenera of Erratencrinurus, as has been recently suggested. Phylogenetic analyses of large data sets of species previously referred to Encrinuroides and Physemataspis yield a minimal length cladogram containing 18 species. Encrinuroides is restricted to four species, two of which have biogeographic affinities with Iapetus. These results lead to three clades, named the Walencrinuroides n. gen. clade, Frencrinuroides n. gen. clade, and finally the Physemataspis clade, with an enlarged concept of the genus with the erection of Physemataspis (Prophysemataspis) n. subgen. These last three clades are restricted to North America and Scotland, with alternating predominance of one region. Walencrinuroides s.l. gelaisi n. gen. n. sp. is described. New morphological data on Erratencrinurus s.l. spicatus confirm its close relationship with the clades discussed above. Data are insufficient for phylogenetic analysis of selected cheirurine species here surveyed. Eye position, glabellar segmentation, and pygidial shape differentiate the genera Ceraurus and Gabriceraurus; emended diagnoses of these genera are presented. Ceraurus globulobatus and C. matranseris are distinct, but morphologically close to one another. The status of Gabriceraurus dentatus can be stabilized on its extant types.

scholarly journals Is the Murciano-Granadina a single goat breed? A molecular genetics approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Martínez ◽  
J.L. Vega-Pla ◽  
J.M. León ◽  
M.E. Camacho ◽  
J.V. Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Goat Breed ◽  
Genetic Groups

The population structure of the Murciano-Granadina breed was determined using 25 microsatellites from 266 goats of seven populations. The results of the genetic differentiation analysis showed that it is possible to differentiate the Murciana and Granadina populations even though a low F ST value (0.0432) had been obtained. Individuals could be assigned to their populations with a success rate of more than 80%. Bayesian-based clustering analysis of allele frequencies and multivariate analysis revealed that Murciana and Granadina populations were grouped in different clusters since K=3. The results demonstrate that Murciana and Granadina are still two different genetic groups included into Murciano-Granadina denomination. There is the opportunity to the genetically manage these populations, under a single herd-book but adding the necessary modifications to respect the conservation of the genetic diversity based on the use of multibreed models of genetic evaluation.

A revision of Angolan species in the genus Pedioplanis Fitzinger (Squamata: Lacertidae), with the description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5032 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
DIOGO PARRINHA ◽  
MARIANA P. MARQUES ◽  
MATTHEW P. HEINICKE ◽  
FARKHANDA KHALID ◽  
KELLY L. PARKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Type Material ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rag 1 ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Original Type

The genus Pedioplanis reaches its northernmost limit in western Angola, where it is represented by three species, Pedioplanis benguelensis, P. haackei and P. huntleyi. The taxonomic status of P. benguelensis remains problematic, mainly due to the vague original description and the loss of the original type material. Here we provide a revision of the Angolan representatives of the genus, with the description of a new species, Pedioplanis serodioi sp. nov., from the lowlands of southwestern Angola. Phylogenetic analyses using a combination of mitochondrial (16S and ND2) and nuclear (RAG-1) markers, as well as morphological data, support the recognition of the new species. For purposes of nomenclatural stability, we designate a neotype for P. benguelensis and provide motivation to correct the spelling of the specific epithet to “benguelensis”. The clarification of the status of P. benguelensis and the description of a new species contribute to a better understanding of the taxonomy and biogeography of the genus Pedioplanis, as well as the general biogeographic context of southwestern Angola, adding to the growing evidence in favor of the recognition of this region as a hotspot of lizard diversity and endemism. An updated key to the genus is also provided.  

What about intraspecific variation? Reassessment of taxonomic and phylogenetic characters in the genus Synoeca de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2899 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN C. CELY ◽  
CARLOS E. SARMIENTO
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Front View ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tree Resolution

Morphological variation within and between species of the genus Synoeca was studied to test species status and to propose characters that fulfill the principles of communicability, unit delimitation, and conjunction for taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. Twenty-six morphological characters obtained from the literature were analyzed; 16 of these characters clearly exhibited delimited states but only four of them were unique for each species. The status of every species of the genus was supported by geometric morphometrics of the head (front view, dorsal view and metasomal tergum 1) and by the presence of unique character states for each species. Phylogenetic analyses included nest and genitalia characters. Character reassessment provided a less resolved tree to that previously published. Including polymorphic characters did not improve tree resolution or clade support, while applying the conjunction test offered a more resolved and better supported tree. The study revealed the importance of analyzing variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies within and between species. A new key to species and a phylogenetic hypothesis are offered.

Morphological and genetic variation in Centrolepis paludicola and C. monogyna (Centrolepidaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cambecèdes ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt ◽  
B. M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Local Differentiation ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
High Level

Centrolepis paludicola is a small cushion-forming herb which is listed as an endangered species. However, some taxonomists have questioned its species status and treat it as a subspecies of the common C. monogyna. Morphological measurements were taken on plants from 50 cushions collected from 31 sites throughout Tasmania, and included C. paludicola, C. monogyna and C. fascicularis as an outgroup to resolve this taxonomic issue. While C. fascicularis was distinct in all morphological analyses, the sympatric C. paludicola and C. monogyna could not be clearly distinguished on the basis of the reproductive and vegetative characters that are supposed to separate them. Centrolepis monogyna is henceforth interpreted as a morphologically variable species which includes C. paludicola. Once it was shown that these are best treated as one species, RAPD molecular markers were used to analyse genetic variation between populations. This analysis revealed a high level of polymorphism between cushions. As in the multivariate analysis of morphological data, C. monogyna and C. paludicola containing cushions were indistinguishable. However, there was a strong geographical structure to the genetic variation in the C. monogyna/C. paludicola group, consistent with a model in which gene flow between populations is limited and local differentiation has occurred.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence and speciation within Ziziphora capitata (Lamiaceae): Molecular and micromorphological evidences

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAHELEH TABARIPOUR ◽  
MASOUD SHEIDAI ◽  
SEYED MEHDI TALEBI ◽  
ZAHRA NOORMOHAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Taxonomic Rank ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy

Tabaripour R, Sheidai M, Talebi SM, Noormohammadi Z. 2018. Genetic divergence and speciation within Ziziphora capitata (Lamiaceae): Molecular and micromorphological evidences. Biodiversitas 19: 697-705. Ziziphora capitata is a member of the Mint family (Lamiaceae) that naturally grows in various regions. Different subspecies have been reported for this species, from which two are recorded from Iran: Z. capitata subsp. capitata, and Z. capitata subsp. orientalis. In the present study, morphological, palynological and molecular (ISSR and cp-DNA) data were used to reveal speciation within this species and reconsider taxonomic rank of its presumed subspecies. The obtained results revealed a great difference between two presumed subsp. of Z. capitata. These taxa differed in morphological, palynological and molecular characteristics. Statistical and bioinformatics tests revealed significant genomic difference between them and phylogenetic analyses showed that they have a close affinity to some other Ziziphora species (out-groups used), then to each other. Bayesian and maximum parsimony phylogenetic trees differentiated the presumed sub-species of Z. capitata. Moreover, K-Means clustering and Bayesian analysis of genetic groups by Evanno test (optimal k) supported the presence of two distinct genetic groups within Z. capitata. This approach objectively defines a threshold separating intraspecific population substructure from interspecific divergence, which is the general aim of species delimitation studies. Therefore, the present study provides enough evidence for introducing two separate species within Z. capitata based on the traditional taxonomy as well as combination of molecular and micro-morphological data.

scholarly journals Morphological, Morphometrical and Molecular Characterization of Oscheius siddiqii Tabassum and Shahina, 2010 (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from India with Its Taxonomic Consequences for the Subgenus Oscheius Andrássy, 1976

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Aashaq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Swati Gautum ◽  
Aasha Rana ◽  
Ashok Kumar Chaubey ◽  
Joaquín Abolafia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

An insect parasitic nematode belonging to the genus Oscheius was recovered from the agricultural soils from the Hapur district in western Uttar Pradesh, India. Morphological studies on this species exhibited its high resemblance with two Pakistani species: Oscheius siddiqii and O. niazii. No molecular data are available for these taxa but, morphologically, both species do not differ significantly from our strains and each other. Hence, these nematodes can be considered conspecific, and the correct name for this taxon is O. siddiqii, the first described species. The phylogenetic analyses of the ITS-, 18S-, and the 28S rDNA sequences showed that O. siddiqii is a sister taxon to the group formed by Oscheius microvilli, O. myriophilus, O. safricanus, and several unidentified Oscheius species. Additionally, our analyses show that based on molecular and morphological data, the species Oscheius rugaoensis and O. microvilli cannot be distinguished from O. chongmingensis and O. myriophilus, respectively, and are thus considered junior synonyms of these taxa. Furthermore, the available data are not sufficient to evaluate the status of Oscheius basothovii and O. safricanus, which are, in consequence, considered species inquirendae. These findings highlight the necessity of the proper morphological and molecular characterisation of the described Oscheius species.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Targeted Insecticide Resistance Gene Mutations in Field-Caught Mosquitos of Medical Importance From Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Ernest Tambo ◽  
Jing-Bo Xue ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Nong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exon 20

Abstract Gene mutations on target sites can be a valuable indicator of the status of insecticide resistance. Jeddah, a global commercial and major port-of-entry city, is bearing the brunt of dengue disease burden in Saudi Arabia. In the current study, six genotypes of three codon combinations (989, 1016, and 1534) were observed on voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene in Jeddah’s Aedes aegypti population, with PGF/PGC as the dominant one. Two types of introns between exon 20 and 21 on VGSC have been identified for the first time in Ae. aegypti in Saudi Arabia. Statistical and phylogenetic analyses showed that the intron type was significantly associated with the 1016 allele and may reflect the history of insecticide treatment in different continents. In addition, fixation of the L1014F allele on VGSC and G119S on acetylcholinesterase 1 gene was detected in local Culex quinquefasciatus populations, with frequencies of 95.24 and 100%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of resistant-associated mutations in field-caught Cx. quinquefasciatus in Saudi Arabia. The high prevalence of insecticide resistance gene mutations in local primary mosquito vector species highlights the urgent need to carry out comprehensive insecticide resistance surveillance in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Carnicero ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Llorenç Sáez ◽  
Theophanis Constantinidis ◽  
Mercè Galbany-Casals
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

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