scholarly journals Non-Parametric Transformation Networks for Learning General Invariances from Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 4667-4674
Author(s):  
Dipan K. Pal ◽  
Marios Savvides
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Natural Generalization ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
New Class ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Parametric Transformation ◽  
Do So ◽  
Non Parametric

ConvNets, through their architecture, only enforce invariance to translation. In this paper, we introduce a new class of deep convolutional architectures called Non-Parametric Transformation Networks (NPTNs) which can learn general invariances and symmetries directly from data. NPTNs are a natural generalization of ConvNets and can be optimized directly using gradient descent. Unlike almost all previous works in deep architectures, they make no assumption regarding the structure of the invariances present in the data and in that aspect are flexible and powerful. We also model ConvNets and NPTNs under a unified framework called Transformation Networks (TN), which yields a better understanding of the connection between the two. We demonstrate the efficacy of NPTNs on data such as MNIST with extreme transformations and CIFAR10 where they outperform baselines, and further outperform several recent algorithms on ETH-80. They do so while having the same number of parameters. We also show that they are more effective than ConvNets in modelling symmetries and invariances from data, without the explicit knowledge of the added arbitrary nuisance transformations. Finally, we replace ConvNets with NPTNs within Capsule Networks and show that this enables Capsule Nets to perform even better.

Properties of Classes of Random Graphs

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Brand ◽  
Steve Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Random Graphs ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Property ◽  
First Order ◽  
New Class ◽  
Vertex Transitive ◽  
Vertex Transitive Graphs ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Transitive Graphs

In [11] it is shown that the theory of almost all graphs is first-order complete. Furthermore, in [3] a collection of first-order axioms are given from which any first-order property or its negation can be deduced. Here we show that almost all Steinhaus graphs satisfy the axioms of almost all graphs and conclude that a first-order property is true for almost all graphs if and only if it is true for almost all Steinhaus graphs. We also show that certain classes of subgraphs of vertex transitive graphs are first-order complete. Finally, we give a new class of higher-order axioms from which it follows that large subgraphs of specified type exist in almost all graphs.

scholarly journals Is it possible to register the ideas, concerns and expectations behind the reason for encounter as a means of classifying patient preferences with ICPC-2?

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Schrans ◽  
Pauline Boeckxstaens ◽  
An De Sutter ◽  
Sara Willems ◽  
Dirk Avonts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
Reason For Encounter ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Danger To Others ◽  
Do So

BackgroundFamily practice aims to recognize the health problems and needs expressed by the person rather than only focusing on the disease. Documenting person-related information will facilitate both the understanding and delivery of person-focused care.AimTo explore if the patients’ ideas, concerns and expectations (ICE) behind the reason for encounter (RFE) can be coded with the International Classification of Primary Care, version 2 (ICPC-2) and what kinds of codes are missing to be able to do so.MethodsIn total, 613 consultations were observed, and patients’ expressions of ICE were narratively recorded. These descriptions were consequently translated to ICPC codes by two researchers. Descriptions that could not be translated were qualitatively analysed in order to identify gaps in ICPC-2.ResultsIn all, 613 consultations yielded 672 ICE expressions. Within the 123 that could not be coded with ICPC-2, eight categories could be defined: concern about the duration/time frame; concern about the evolution/severity; concern of being contagious or a danger to others; patient has no concern, but others do; expects a confirmation of something; expects a solution for the symptoms without specification of what it should be; expects a specific procedure; and expects that something is not done.DiscussionAlthough many ICE can be registered with ICPC-2, adding eight new categories would capture almost all ICE.

Lord Dufferin and the Indian National Congress, 1885–1888

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Briton Martin
Keyword(s):  
Indian Society ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
New Class ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
National Congress ◽  
The Government ◽  
Do So

In the spring of 1884 shortly before his viceroyalty came to an end, Lord Ripon wrote in an urgent manner to Lord Kimberley, then Secretary of State for India, about one of the more critical questions of policy confronting the Government of India: “You may rely upon it that there are few Indian questions of greater importance in the present day than those which relate to the mode in which we are to deal with the growing body of Natives educated by ourselves in Western learning and Western ideas.” Ripon was pointing to the existence of a new class of English-educated Indians within British-Indian society and to the failure of the Government of India to acknowledge this class and to absorb its talents and influence within the structure of British-Indian administration. That this problem begged for a realistic solution by 1884 and that it would continue to do so in the years ahead, he had no doubts whatsoever; it had been left too long to fester in a mode both damaging to the class itself and dangerous to British rule. In short, the English-educated Indian class had become a question of policy.Simply stated, as the opportunities for Western collegiate education expanded and the avenues leading towards entry into the East India Company's service became available, the doors either failed to open or were placed out of the reach of the educated Indians seeking entry. By 1850, with the new class in existence in limited numbers in Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, and Delhi and with additional graduates appearing annually to swell its ranks, frustrations began to emerge as the graduates found themselves unable to secure the public employment which the Charter Act of 1833 had implied was to be their just right.

The Municipal Map in Portugal

2019 ◽  
pp. 275-292
Author(s):  
Barbara Luize Iacovino Barreiros
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Do So

The municipality is the basic territorial organization for almost all the Member States of the European Union and has approximately the same attributions in all these. Even so, the territorial structure of municipalities differs in each of the Member States, and it is possible to group them into two large groups: those that have implemented reforms with a consequent reduction in the number of these entities and those with a high number of municipalities. Although Spain is a neighbor of Portugal and Portugal gets some influences from France, in fact the territorial organization of municipalities corresponds to very different realities. Through this research you can see that Portugal did reform its municipalities while France and Spain failed to do so. However, they all recognize that there is a need to reform the territorial structure of municipalities.

scholarly journals Box-Cox Gamma-G Family of Distributions: Theory and Applications

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Abdulhakim A. Al-Babtain ◽  
Ibrahim Elbatal ◽  
Christophe Chesneau ◽  
Farrukh Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Cauchy Distribution ◽  
Natural Generalization ◽  
Power Parameter ◽  
New Class ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Method Of Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Box Cox Transformation ◽  
Family Of Distributions

This paper is devoted to a new class of distributions called the Box-Cox gamma-G family. It is a natural generalization of the useful Ristić–Balakrishnan-G family of distributions, containing a wide variety of power gamma-G distributions, including the odd gamma-G distributions. The key tool for this generalization is the use of the Box-Cox transformation involving a tuning power parameter. Diverse mathematical properties of interest are derived. Then a specific member with three parameters based on the half-Cauchy distribution is studied and considered as a statistical model. The method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate the related parameters, along with a simulation study illustrating the theoretical convergence of the estimators. Finally, two different real datasets are analyzed to show the fitting power of the new model compared to other appropriate models.

scholarly journals Transcriptional coregulators: emerging roles of SRC family of coactivators in disease pathology

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. R47-R59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhamoy Dasgupta ◽  
Bert W O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
New Class ◽  
Transcriptional Coregulators ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Regulate Gene

Transcriptional coactivators have evolved as an important new class of functional proteins that participate with virtually all transcription factors and nuclear receptors (NRs) to intricately regulate gene expression in response to a wide variety of environmental cues. Recent findings have highlighted that coactivators are important for almost all biological functions, and consequently, genetic defects can lead to severe pathologies. Drug discovery efforts targeting coactivators may prove valuable for treatment of a variety of diseases.

REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND PHYSIOLOGY OF TENEBRIO MOLITOR (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE): I. INITIATION OF MATING IN YOUNG ADULTS AND THE EFFECTS OF ADULT DENSITY

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Very High ◽  
Do So

AbstractAdults of Tenebrio molitor L. can copulate on the second day after eclosion, but the majority of them do not do so until after the third day. Almost all adults copulated at least once within the first 4 to 5 days. Young females initiated copulation at a slightly earlier age than young males. Crowding enhances mating success in young adults, for which there appears to be a critical minimum adult density. The initiation of copulation was not inhibited at very high densities; this suggests that there is not a critical maximum adult density for mating success.

scholarly journals “We Go on Our Own Boats!”: Korean Migrants and the Politics of Transportation Infrastructure in the Japanese Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Derek Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
New Class ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Union Activists ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

Abstract This paper examines transportation infrastructure in the Japanese empire and its role in positioning Korean migrants in the labor markets of the metropole. To do so, it focuses on the Pusan–Shimonoseki ferry which, between 1905 and 1945, transferred over 30 million people between Japan and Korea. During this time, the ships that comprised this ferry line helped articulate new borders between the metropole and its annexed colony. In this capacity, the vessels helped constitute and control the flow of a new class of colonial migrants as they entered the labor markets of Japan. Historically, transportation networks have been looked on as modes of conveyance or as symbols of political amalgamation. Colonial era descriptions of the Pusan-Shimonoseki ferry commonly maintained this view. However, rather than stress the spatial integration brought by the line, this paper highlights its function as a source of delineation. The ferries connecting Japan to its closest colony not only served as a conduit for Korean workers, but also introduced forms of constraint and contingency that shaped their ability to sell their labor in Japan. Transportation thus became an issue of political contestation and resistance. Korean workers and union activists employed an array of tactics to undermine the borders imposed through the regulation of transportation. Doing so was part of an attempt to assert greater control over the migrant's position in regional markets and mitigate the unevenness of the colonial system.

Generalized fine rings

2020 ◽  
pp. 2250060
Author(s):  
Yiqiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Jacobson Radical ◽  
Nonzero Element ◽  
Natural Generalization ◽  
Matrix Rings ◽  
New Class

As introduced by Cǎlugǎreanu and Lam in [G. Cǎlugǎreanu and T. Y. Lam, Fine rings: a new class of simple rings, J. Algebra Appl. 15(9) (2016) 1650173, 18 pp.], a fine ring is a ring whose every nonzero element is the sum of a unit and a nilpotent. As a natural generalization of fine rings, a ring is called a generalized fine ring if every element not in the Jacobson radical is the sum of a unit and a nilpotent. Here some known results on fine rings are extended to generalized fine rings. A notable result states that matrix rings over generalized fine rings are generalized fine, extending the important result in [G. Cǎlugǎreanu and T. Y. Lam, Fine rings: a new class of simple rings, J. Algebra Appl. 15(9) (2016) 1650173, 18 pp.] that matrix rings over fine rings are fine.

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