scholarly journals An Affect-Rich Neural Conversational Model with Biased Attention and Weighted Cross-Entropy Loss

Author(s):  
Peixiang Zhong ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Chunyan Miao

Affect conveys important implicit information in human communication. Having the capability to correctly express affect during human-machine conversations is one of the major milestones in artificial intelligence. In recent years, extensive research on open-domain neural conversational models has been conducted. However, embedding affect into such models is still under explored. In this paper, we propose an endto-end affect-rich open-domain neural conversational model that produces responses not only appropriate in syntax and semantics, but also with rich affect. Our model extends the Seq2Seq model and adopts VAD (Valence, Arousal and Dominance) affective notations to embed each word with affects. In addition, our model considers the effect of negators and intensifiers via a novel affective attention mechanism, which biases attention towards affect-rich words in input sentences. Lastly, we train our model with an affect-incorporated objective function to encourage the generation of affect-rich words in the output responses. Evaluations based on both perplexity and human evaluations show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline model of comparable size in producing natural and affect-rich responses.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Guo ◽  
Zhenze Yang ◽  
Chi-Hua Yu ◽  
Markus J. Buehler

This review revisits the state of the art of research efforts on the design of mechanical materials using machine learning.


Author(s):  
Mauro Vallati ◽  
Lukáš Chrpa ◽  
Thomas L. Mccluskey

AbstractThe International Planning Competition (IPC) is a prominent event of the artificial intelligence planning community that has been organized since 1998; it aims at fostering the development and comparison of planning approaches, assessing the state-of-the-art in planning and identifying new challenging benchmarks. IPC has a strong impact also outside the planning community, by providing a large number of ready-to-use planning engines and testing pioneering applications of planning techniques.This paper focusses on the deterministic part of IPC 2014, and describes format, participants, benchmarks as well as a thorough analysis of the results. Generally, results of the competition indicates some significant progress, but they also highlight issues and challenges that the planning community will have to face in the future.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-161
Author(s):  
Diego Alejandro Borbón Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
Luisa Fernanda Borbón Rodríguez ◽  
Jeniffer Laverde Pinzón

Advances in neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence have led to an innovative proposal to establish ethical and legal limits to the development of technologies: Human NeuroRights. In this sense, the article addresses, first, some advances in neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence, as well as their ethical implications. Second, the state of the art on the innovative proposal of Human NeuroRights is exposed, specifically, the proposal of the NeuroRights Initiative of Columbia University. Third, the proposal for the rights of free will and equitable access to augmentation technologies is critically analyzed to conclude that, although it is necessary to propose new regulations for neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence, the debate is still very premature as if to try to incorporate a new category of human rights that may be inconvenient or unnecessary. Finally, some considerations on how to regulate new technologies are explained and the conclusions of the work are presented.


Author(s):  
Volodymyr Vladymyrov

The article discusses the prospects for the development of the mass communication science in the direction of including in its discourse the modern achievements in the field of the relation between quantum physics and consciousness as well as the artificial intelligence. It will give the media new opportunities to influence mass consciousness, and to impact social processes.It allows to forecast the rise of the next, the fourth stage of the information revolution and to recognize the ways for preparation to it. Quantum physics appears as classical physics develops in the study of the world. Scientists explain quantumness as the relations of everything with everything. Quantumism and consciousness are an already mastered topics of modern science. If we talk about mass consciousness, it should be recognized as a scholar problem and the existence of quantumness as an underlying phenomenon in mass communication. Perhaps this will be the content of the new, fourth stage of the information revolution – after its computer, Internet and mobile stages. Therefore, the urgency of the problem we are addressing is the need to “let in” quantum methods into the thinking, creation and dissemination of the mass-information product in the mass audience. Theorists of our scientific discipline are interested in precisely the new knowledge of quantum “confusion” in the depths of mass consciousness, which exists and manifests itself in the processes of mass communication. Then the quantum approach can be extremely fruitful here. Quantumism here appears both as a universal connection of everything with everything, and as the unpredictability of the nature of these connections from the point of view of ordinary and even dialectical logic. Here, the quantum logic of mass communication should be discovered. It should be noted that so far almost no one has noticed that media interference in the natural mental life of large human communities gives rise to a phenomenon similar to quantum “confusion”, when a change in the state of one “mass” thoughts occurs along with a change in the state of another. Quantum “confusion” is what permeates all the “matter” of human communication / existence. All participants in mass communication are “confused” with themselves, like photons in physics. And they’re not just confused, everybody is one and the part of whole in the external, “physical”, existing, and is the part of the ideal world, with its thoughts, hopes, emotions, “confused” in the Internet The introduction of quantumness as the leading principle of influence on mass consciousness is one of the three steps to a new stage in the information revolution. The second is the growing potential of artificial intelligence. The third is the gradual creation of quantum computers. All these together will make it possible to reach each recipient of information, to enter the inner, ideal world of an individual person, and even to see in this communication an intrapersonal discussion of a person with himself – and to control its course. Probably, the result will be the opportunity to learn to predict the unpredictable in behavior of “this” person in his behavior – in personal, group, intergroup, mass ones.


2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 1340015 ◽  
Author(s):  
VITO FRAGNELLI ◽  
STEFANO GAGLIARDO

Location problems describe those situations in which one or more facilities have to be placed in a region trying to optimize a suitable objective function. Game theory has been used as a tool to solve location problems and this paper is devoted to describe the state-of-the-art of the research on location problems through the tools of game theory. Particular attention is given to the problems that are still open in the field of cooperative location game theory.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. eaay2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silviu-Marian Udrescu ◽  
Max Tegmark

A core challenge for both physics and artificial intelligence (AI) is symbolic regression: finding a symbolic expression that matches data from an unknown function. Although this problem is likely to be NP-hard in principle, functions of practical interest often exhibit symmetries, separability, compositionality, and other simplifying properties. In this spirit, we develop a recursive multidimensional symbolic regression algorithm that combines neural network fitting with a suite of physics-inspired techniques. We apply it to 100 equations from the Feynman Lectures on Physics, and it discovers all of them, while previous publicly available software cracks only 71; for a more difficult physics-based test set, we improve the state-of-the-art success rate from 15 to 90%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Cavallone ◽  
Rocco Palumbo

PurposeIndustry 4.0, artificial intelligence and digitalization have got a momentum in health care. However, scholars and practitioners do not agree on their implications on health services' quality and effectiveness. The article aims at shedding light on the applications, aftermaths and drawbacks of industry 4.0 in health care, summarizing the state of the art.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was undertaken. We arranged an ad hoc research design, which was tailored to the study purposes. Three citation databases were queried. We collected 1,194 scientific papers which were carefully considered for inclusion in this systematic literature review. After three rounds of analysis, 40 papers were taken into consideration.FindingsIndustry 4.0, artificial intelligence and digitalization are revolutionizing the design and the delivery of care. They are expected to enhance health services' quality and effectiveness, paving the way for more direct patient–provider relationships. In addition, they have been argued to allow a more appropriate use of available resources. There is a dark side of health care 4.0 involving both management and ethical issues.Research limitations/implicationsIndustry 4.0 in health care should not be conceived as a self-nourishing innovation; rather, it needs to be carefully steered at both the policy and management levels. On the one hand, comprehensive governance models are required to realize the full potential of health 4.0. On the other hand, the drawbacks of industry 4.0 should be timely recognized and thoroughly addressed.Originality/valueThe article contextualizes the state of the art of industry 4.0 in the health care context, providing some insights for further conceptual and empirical developments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke van Erp ◽  
Christian Reynolds ◽  
Diana Maynard ◽  
Alain Starke ◽  
Rebeca Ibáñez Martín ◽  
...  

In this paper, we discuss the use of natural language processing and artificial intelligence to analyze nutritional and sustainability aspects of recipes and food. We present the state-of-the-art and some use cases, followed by a discussion of challenges. Our perspective on addressing these is that while they typically have a technical nature, they nevertheless require an interdisciplinary approach combining natural language processing and artificial intelligence with expert domain knowledge to create practical tools and comprehensive analysis for the food domain.


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