Conventional Soybean Plant and Progeny Response to Glyphosate

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Glyphosate Drift

Field studies were conducted to determine the sensitivity of conventional ‘Motte’ and ‘Pioneer 9831’ soybean to simulated glyphosate drift rates applied during vegetative and reproductive development and the effect of glyphosate on progeny. Glyphosate at 8, 84, and 420 g ae/ha was applied to soybean at the V3, V6, R2, and R5 growth stages. Glyphosate at 8 and 84 g/ha did not reduce soybean plant population, growth, or yield or cause deleterious effects on progeny, regardless of the growth stage at application. Soybean population, growth, and yield were reduced as much as 99 to 100% after application of 420 g/ha glyphosate at the V3 growth stage. Glyphosate at 420 g/ha applied at V6 was less detrimental to soybean compared with the V3 timing. Delaying the application of 420 g/ha glyphosate until R2 and R5 reduced soybean yields 22 to 49% and 43 to 44%, respectively. Soybean injury from 420 g/ha glyphosate was generally transient or less severe when applied at the V6 growth stage or later. However, 420 g/ha glyphosate at R5 (initial podfill) caused a 390 to 450 kg/ha yield reduction compared with the V6 application, which indicated greater soybean vulnerability to glyphosate drift during podfill than in the late-stage vegetative development. Although glyphosate at 420 g/ha was injurious to soybean, regardless of application timing, progeny was not affected.

Soybean Sensitivity to Florpyrauxifen-benzyl during Reproductive Growth and the Impact on Subsequent Progeny

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Miller ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo address recent concerns related to auxin herbicide drift onto soybean, a study was developed to understand the susceptibility of the reproductive stage of soybean to a new auxin herbicide compared with dicamba. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is under development as the second herbicide in a new structural class of synthetic auxins, the arylpicolinates. Field studies were conducted to (1) evaluate and compare reproductive soybean injury and yield following applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl or dicamba across various concentrations and reproductive growth stages and (2) determine whether low-rate applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl or dicamba to soybean in reproductive stages would have similar effect on the progeny of the affected plants. Soybean were treated with 0, 1/20, or 1/160, of the 1X rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl (30 g ai ha−1) or dicamba (560 g ae ha−1) at R1, R2, R3, R4, or R5 growth stage. Soybean plant height and yield was reduced from 1/20X dicamba across all reproductive stages. High drift rates (1/20X) of florpyrauxifen-benzyl also reduced soybean plant height >25% and yield across R1 to R4 stages. Germination, stand, plant height, and yield of the offspring of soybean plants treated with dicamba and florpyrauxifen-benzyl were significantly affected. Dicamba applied at a rate of 1/20X at R4 and R5 resulted in 20% and 35% yield reduction for the offspring, respectively. A similar reduction occurred from florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied at R4 and R5 at the 1/20X rate, resulting in 15% to 24% yield reduction for the offspring, respectively. Based on these findings, it is suggested that growers use caution when applying these herbicides in the vicinity of reproductive soybean.

Growth Stage Affects Cotton Response to Trifloxysulfuron

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Richardson ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Gregory R. Armel ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Over The Top

Field studies were conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to evaluate cotton response to trifloxysulfuron applied postemergence over the top (POT) or postemergence-directed (PDIR) at various growth stages. Treatments included trifloxysulfuron at 3.8 or 7.5 g ai/ha plus nonionic surfactant (NIS) applied POT to one-, three-, and five-leaf cotton or applied PDIR to 30- and 45-cm tall cotton. Crop injury 7 d after treatment (DAT) varied by year and ranged from 17 to 50%, 19 to 46%, and 5 to 23% with trifloxysulfuron applied POT to one-, three-, and five-leaf cotton, respectively. Injury 21DAT averaged 22, 16, and 6% with one-, three-, and five-leaf applications respectively. Trifloxysulfuron applied PDIR injured cotton 2 to 9% 7 DAT and 0 to 12% 21 DAT. At 30 DAT, cotton height was reduced with one-leaf trifloxysulfuron application, whereas differences were not present across other treatments. Heights at 90 days after planting (DAP) did not differ between treatments. Neither trifloxysulfuron rate or application timing negatively affected cotton yield or fiber quality.

Influence of Growth Stage on Rice (Oryza sativa) Tolerance to Triclopyr

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe E. Street ◽  
John L. Baldwin ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Dwarf Cultivar ◽  
Milling Yield

Field studies were conducted from 1985 to 1989 on a Sharkey clay to examine injury to a semi-dwarf rice cultivar, ‘Lemont’, from triclopyr or triclopyr plus propanil. Triclopyr applied in the booting stage reduced yield two of three years, with the observed yield reduction possibly caused by epinasty of the rice flag leaf. Triclopyr application to three- to four-leaf rice caused hyponasty. Triclopyr did not reduce plant height, seed weight, germination, or total milling yield. Triclopyr plus propanil caused more leaf burn that triclopyr alone, but yields were not reduced compared with the untreated control. This research indicated that triclopyr and triclopyr plus propanil can be used in rice production with the semi-dwarf cultivar, Lemont, with the potential to minimize drift to non-target crops due to the greater flexibility in application timing compared with 2,4-D application.

Effect of Application Timing on Rhizome Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control with DPX-V9360

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy T. Obrigawitch ◽  
William H. Kenyon ◽  
Henry Kuratle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Late Growth

Field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effect of application timing on the activity of DPX-V9360 on rhizome johnsongrass. Field and greenhouse studies indicated that johnsongrass treated with postemergence applications of DPX-V9360 at late growth stages (>5 leaves) was controlled more effectively than when treated in early growth stages (<5 leaves). Johnsongrass control was optimized with split-postemergence applications (treatments applied at early and late growth stages) in field studies compared to a single postemergence application at either early or late growth stages. The pattern of translocation of 2-14C (pyrimidine)-labeled DPX-V9360 applied to a fully expanded johnsongrass leaf did not differ significantly between three different growth stages of 10-, 30-, and 60-cm height. Over 60% of the absorbed14C remained in the treated leaf. Most of the translocated14C moved out of the treated leaf within 3 days after application and distributed to the shoot in greater quantities than to the rhizomes. About 40% of14C-DPX-V9360 applied to the leaf surfaces of a tolerant species (corn) or susceptible species (johnsongrass) was absorbed into the leaf. Corn metabolized over 90% of absorbed DPX-V9360 within 20 h, while there was no perceptible metabolism of DPX-V9360 in johnsongrass leaves after 24 h. Late growth stage and split-postemergence applications appear to provide more effective control than early growth stage applications because of better control of regrowth (new shoot emergence from rhizomes after application) and because tillering and plant emergence are more nearly complete at application time.

Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) seed production and viability as influenced by late-season postemergence herbicide applications

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane E. Taylor ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Main Experiment ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Pod Growth

Field studies were conducted at the Main Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR, in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the effect of postemergence herbicides applied at late-season timings on sicklepod seed production and viability. AC 263,222, dicamba, glyphosate, glufosinate, and paraquat were applied at five rates (zero; labeled rate; one-half, one-fourth, and one-eighth the labeled rate) to three sicklepod growth stages (bud formation, flowering to 9-cm pods, and 15- to 30-cm pods). The greatest reduction in seed production occurred when herbicides were applied at the flowering to 9-cm pod growth stage. All herbicides applied at one-half the labeled rate to sicklepod at bud formation and at the flowering to 9-cm pod growth stage reduced seed production greater than 80%, except glufosinate. Regardless of herbicide, rate, or application timing, viability of remaining seed was ≥ 90% with all treatments.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Hale ◽  
Taghi Bararpour ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
John Seale ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Glyphosate Drift ◽  
Herbicide Drift

A field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the sensitivity and recovery of grain sorghum to the simulated drift of glufosinate, glyphosate, and paraquat at two application timings (V6 and flag leaf growth stage). Paraquat drift caused maximum injury to sorghum plants in both years, whereas the lowest injury was caused by glyphosate in 2017. Averaged over all herbicide treatments, injury to grain sorghum from the simulated herbicide drift was 5% greater when herbicides were applied at flag leaf stage, as compared to herbicide applications at the six-leaf stage in 2017. In 2018, injury from glyphosate drift was higher when applied at the six-leaf stage than at the flag leaf stage. Paraquat and glufosinate drift caused more injury when applied at flag leaf stage than at six-leaf stage at 14 days after application in 2018. About 21% to 29% of injury from the simulated drift of paraquat led to a 31% reduction in grain sorghum yield, as compared to a nontreated check in 2017. The simulated drift of glyphosate and glufosinate did not result in any significant yield reduction compared to the nontreated check in 2017, possibly due to the recovery of sorghum plants after herbicides’ drift application.

Dwarf sunflower response to row spacing, stand reduction, and defoliation at different growth stages

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

Growth compensation of dwarf sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to low initial stands, later stand losses, or plant defoliation has not been reported regarding replanting decisions and crop insurance yield loss assessment. Three experiments were conducted to study the affect of stand reduction, defoliation, and row spacing on dwarf sunflower yield and quality when grown in eastern North Dakota. Experiment 1 evaluated stand reduction (0, 25, 50 and 75%) applied at growth stages (V4, R1 and R6) in 15, 45 and 76 cm spaced rows. Row spacing interactions with stand reduction and growth stage were not significant for yield indicating growth stage and stand reduction effects on yield response were independent of row spacing. In exp. 2, significant growth stage (V4, V8, R1, R2, R3, R5 and R6) by stand reduction (0, 12, 25, 37, 50, 62 and 75%) interaction showed stand reduction at vegetative growth stages not influencing yield, but as maturity progressed yield reductions became greater with increased stand reduction. Achene weight increased with increasing stand reduction at vegetative and early reproductive stages. A reciprocal relationship was noted between achene weight and achene oil content where oil content decreased as achene weight increased. Interaction of growth stage (R1 and R6) and defoliation (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in exp. 3 indicated greater reduction in yield, test weight, 1000-achene weight, and achene oil conte nt as defoliatin increased at growth stage R6. Yield compensating ability of dwarf sunflower is dependent on type and level of damage and growth stage of occurrence, with total yield reduction considering all effects. Key words: Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., row spacing, stand reduction, defoliation

Differential Tolerance of Clearfield Rice Cultivars to Imazamox

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Bond ◽  
Timothy W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Clearfield Rice ◽  
Two Hybrid

Field studies were conducted to compare the response of one inbred (‘CL161’) and two hybrid (‘CLXL729’ and ‘CLXL745’) Clearfield (CL) rice cultivars to imazamox. Imazamox was applied at 44 and 88 g ai ha−1to rice in the panicle initiation (PI) and PI plus 14 d (PI + 14) growth stages and at 44 g ha−1to rice in the midboot growth stage. Maturity of hybrid CL cultivars was delayed following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at PI + 14 and midboot. Furthermore, imazamox at 44 g ha−1, applied at midboot, delayed maturity of CLXL745 more than CLXL729. Expressed as a percentage of the weed-free control plots, rough rice yields for CLXL729 were 91% following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at PI + 14, 78% following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at midboot, and 77% for imazamox at 88 g ha−1applied at PI + 14. Rough rice yield for CLXL745 was 77 to 92% of the control following all imazamox treatments. All imazamox treatments reduced CLXL745 rough rice yield compared with CL161. Rough rice yield, pooled across CL cultivar, varied with imazamox treatment between years, and these differences may have been a consequence of lower temperatures and solar radiation in the first year. Hybrid CL cultivars CLXL729 and CLXL745 were less tolerant than was CL161 when imazamox was applied at nonlabeled rates (88 g ha−1) and/or timings (PI + 14 or midboot). Because of variability in rice growth stages and irregularities in imazamox application in commercial fields, inbred CL cultivars should be planted where an imazamox application will likely be required.

scholarly journals Response of Sesame to Selected Herbicides Applied Early in the Growing Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Jack J. Rose ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
Todd A. Baughman ◽  
D. Ray Langham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of sesame to PRE and POST applications of soil residual herbicides. PRE applications of acetochlor andS-metolachlor at 1.26 and 1.43 kg ai·ha−1showed little or no sesame injury (0 to 1%) 4 wks after herbicide treatments (WAT). POST treatments of acetochlor and trifluralin made 3 wks after planting (WAP) resulted in greater sesame injury (40%) compared to applications at bloom (18%). Field studies were conducted in Texas and Oklahoma during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons to determine sesame response to clethodim, diuron, fluometuron, ethalfluralin, quizalofop-P, pendimethalin, pyroxasulfone, trifluralin, and trifloxysulfuron-sodium applied 2, 3, or 4 weeks after planting (WAP). Late-season sesame injury with the dinitroaniline herbicides consisted of a proliferation of primary branching at the upper nodes of the sesame plant (in the shape/form of a broom). Ethalfluralin and trifluralin caused more “brooming” effect than pendimethalin. Some yield reductions were noted with the dinitroaniline herbicides. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium caused the greatest injury (up to 97%) and resulted in yield reductions from the untreated check. Early-season diuron injury (leaf chlorosis and necrosis) decreased as application timing was delayed, and late-season injury was virtually nonexistent with only slight chlorosis (<4%) still apparent on the lower leaves. Sesame yield was not consistently affected by the diuron treatments. Fluometuron caused early-season injury (stunting/chlorosis), and a reduction of yield was observed at one location. Pyroxasulfone applied 2 WAP caused up to 25% sesame injury (stunting) but did not result in a yield reduction. Quizalofop-P caused slight injury (<5%) and no reduction in yield.

Response of nonglyphosate-resistant cotton to reduced rates of glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
Robert G. Downer ◽  
B. Roger Leonard ◽  
E. Merritt Holman ◽  
Steve T. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Flower ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Height Reduction

Field research was conducted in 1999 and 2000 to determine the effect of reduced glyphosate rates on growth and yield of nonglyphosate-resistant cotton. Rates of 9, 18, 35, 70, 140, and 280 g ha−1, representing 0.008, 0.016, 0.031 0.063, 0.125, and 0.25, respectively, of the maximum use rate per application (1,120 g ha−1), were applied to cotton at the two-, five-, or nine-node growth stage. On the basis of visual injury estimates, cotton was more tolerant to glyphosate at the nine-node than at earlier growth stages. Plant dry weight was reduced with 70 g ha−1of glyphosate or higher, when applied at the two- and five-node growth stages in two of three experiments. Dry weight was not affected by glyphosate at the nine-node stage. Plant height also was unaffected by glyphosate rates below 70 g ha−1, but height reduction was noted for all growth stages by experiment combinations, with the exception of the nine-node application for both experiments in 2000, with herbicide rates of 70 g ha−1or higher. Cotton maturity delay, as noted by an increase in node above white flower number, was observed only at the highest glyphosate rate applied to two- and five-node cotton in one of three experiments. Percent open boll data analysis indicated a decreased opportunity of observing an open boll with increasing glyphosate rate, and this effect was greater at the five-node compared with the two- and nine-node stages in two of three experiments. Seedcotton yield after all glyphosate applications was equivalent to that for the nontreated control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document