Broadleaf Herbicide Effects on Clethodim and Quizalofop-P Efficacy on Volunteer Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
John T. O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Simultaneous Control ◽  
The Future ◽  
Herbicide Effects

Field experiments were conducted at three locations in 2003 and 2004 to examine clethodim and quizalofop-P efficacy on spring wheat seedlings when applied alone or in tank mixtures with herbicides used to control broadleaf weeds. Clethodim at the recommended rate of 30 g/ha reduced spring wheat biomass by 63 to 98% and was only >90% in three of six site years. In contrast, quizalofop-P at the recommended rate of 36 g/ha reduced wheat biomass >90% in all cases. Clethodim or quizalofop-P could be tank mixed with 2,4-D ester, bromoxynil, or bromoxynil plus MCPA ester with little risk of reduced efficacy on wheat. However, 2,4-D amine was highly antagonistic to both herbicides. The commercial mixture of thifensulfuron plus tribenuron reduced clethodim, but not quizalofop-P, efficacy on wheat. Herbicide options exist for simultaneous control of volunteer glyphosate-resistant canola and glyphosate-resistant wheat if the latter technology were to be commercialized in the future.

Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) Competition with Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Green Foxtail

Yield reductions due to green foxtail competition with hard red spring wheat varied with environment in field experiments conducted in 1984, 1985, and 1986 at Oakes, Langdon, Prosper, and Fargo, North Dakota. Wheat yield reductions ranged from 0 to 47% from 720 green foxtail plants per m2. Inclusion of early season temperature and precipitation, soil texture, and foxtail density into multiple regression analysis of wheat yield reductions significantly increased the coefficient of determination to 0.62 compared with 0.12 for regression based on green foxtail density alone. Wheat yield reduction decreased as green foxtail seeding was delayed after wheat seeding in 1986. Wheat yield generally decreased as time of diclofop application was delayed from 2 to 6 wk after wheat emergence in 1986.

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF SOFT WHITE SPRING WHEAT

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. BOLE ◽  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
Soft White Spring Wheat

Field experiments were conducted over four growing seasons in southern Alberta to develop improved irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Irrigation to provide available water in the root zone to maturity maintained acceptably low protein content of soft wheat fertilizer-N plus soil test NO3-N levels from 140 to 208 kg ha−1. Nitrogen fertilizer increased protein content in all 4 yr of the study and increased yields each year except 1981 when the soil contained a high level of NO3-N. The protein content was not raised above the level considered acceptable for the domestic Canadian market (10.5%, moist basis) unless fertilizer rates in excess of the economic optimum level were applied. Fertilizer-N response curves were developed for each cultivar, irrigation treatment, and year combination. These were used to show the relationship between yield and the level of fertilizer N plus soil NO3-N which would result in economic optimum yields of soft white spring wheat of acceptable protein content. The results suggest N rates can be increased about 30 kg ha−1 for each t ha−1 increase in the target yield of the producer.Key words: Wheat (soft white spring), Triticum aestivum L., irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer, protein, target yield

EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON SEEDLING GROWTH, HEAD DEFORMATION AND GRAIN YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

In field experiments at Charlottetown, P.E.I., five herbicides evaluated at two rates of application on eight spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars showed no effect on dry plant weight 20 days after treatment. Herbicide treatment with dicamba resulted in a greater number of deformed heads per plot compared with the untreated in 1980 and with all herbicides except diclofop-methyl in 1981. More deformed heads occurred with dicamba and the 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba mixture at the higher rate of application in 1981 than with the other herbicides and the lower rate of application. All cultivars had more deformed heads than the untreated control when treated with 2,4-D, dicamba and the 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba mixture in 1981. Neepawa and Dundas had more deformed heads than the other cultivars when treated with MCPA. Head deformation by herbicide treatment had no adverse effect on grain yield in this study.Key words: Spring wheat cultivars, herbicides, head deformation, 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, diclofop-methyl

AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SEMI-DWARF AND NORMAL HEIGHT SPRING WHEATS SEEDED AT DIFFERENT DATES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Crossover Interaction ◽  
Seeding Date

Emergence, maturity, and yield of four semi-dwarf and five normal height spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated in 10 replicated field experiments at Saskatoon in 1985–1987. Although significant crossover interactions were observed, semi-dwarf and normal height genotypes responded similarly to date of seeding.Key words: Triticum aestivum, seeding date, crossover interaction, wheat (spring)

scholarly journals   Antioxidant activity of grain of einkorn (Triticum mono-coccum L.), emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schuebl [Schrank]) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachman ◽  
M. Orsák ◽  
V. Pivec ◽  
K. Jírů
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Antioxidant Intake

Wheat and cereals generally are largely consumed worldwide and contribute significantly to antioxidant intake with beneficial health effects. In the precise two-year field experiments, two varieties of wheat einkorn, two varieties of emmer wheat and three varieties of spring wheat in 2008 and moreover further two spring wheat varieties, three einkorn varieties and three emmer wheat varieties in 2009, were evaluated for antioxidant activity (AOA) using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH). The higher grain AOA was observed in emmer (215.4–257.6 mg Trolox/kg DM) and einkorn (149.8–255.8 mg Trolox/kg DM) varieties, while in spring varieties the AOA ranged between 195.8 and 210.0 mg Trolox/kg DM. A linear correlation between total polyphenols and AOA was determined (r = 0.739, P ≤ 0.05). Emmer and einkorn wheat varieties showed high AOA and can be promising sources of these nutritionally appreciated grain constituents.  

Growth Stage and Broadleaf Herbicide Effects on CGA184927 Efficacy

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Reduced Activity

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of CGA184927 rate, weed growth stage, and tank mixes with various broadleaf herbicides on the control of green foxtail and wild oat in spring wheat. CGA 184927 controlled green foxtail and wild oat equally well when applied at the 2- to 3- or 4- to 5-leaf stages. Green foxtail and wild oat were controlled at similar rates of CGA 184927 but the application rate giving > 90% control ranged from 22 to 90 g/ha over locations and years, indicating that CGA 184927 efficacy is sensitive to environmental conditions. CGA 184927 in tank mixtures was compatible with bromoxynil, clopyralid, and 2,4-D ester. However, tank mixing with metsulfuron or dicamba reduced activity on green foxtail and wild oat. Broadleaf herbicide activity on kochia and redroot pigweed was not reduced when such herbicides were tank-mixed with CGA 184927. Spring wheat tolerated 120 g/ha of CGA 184927. CGA 184927 provides growers with another herbicide option to control green foxtail and wild oat in wheat.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control with Fall- and Spring-Applied Triallate

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Miller ◽  
J. D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Wheat Stubble

Two formulations of triallate [S-(2, 3, 3-trichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate] were evaluated for their effectiveness in controlling wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) in spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in 12 field experiments conducted between 1967 and 1978. Control of wild oat was greater with fall applications of triallate granules than liquid or with spring applications of either liquid or granules. Further-more, 1.1 kg/ha of triallate granules applied in the fall controlled wild oat as well as did 1.7 kg/ha of liquid triallate applied in the fall. Wild oat control with triallate was usually better when soil incorporated than when surface applied regardless of formulation or time of application. Triallate granules controlled wild oat similarly on either plowed ground or wheat stubble; whereas, liquid triallate controlled wild oat better on plowed ground than wheat stubble. A delay of 8 h in triallate incorporation did not reduce wild oat control with either formulation; however, a delay of 24 h reduced wild oat control with the liquid formulation.

Fall-Applied Trifluralin Granules in Conservation-till Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Endres ◽  
William H. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Line Transect Method ◽  
Fall Application

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate postplant crop residue, green and yellow foxtail control, and wheat grain yield after fall application of trifluralin granules in undisturbed small grain stubble. Levels of postplant residue were at least 48% cover (line transect method) and 2750 kg/ha of aboveground dry matter where herbicide granules were left unincorporated or were incorporated with conservation-till methods, including an undercutter, rotary hoe, or undercutter followed by a rotary hoe. Trifluralin at 0.56 kg/ha applied as granules in mid October in untilled stubble and incorporated with conservation-till methods controlled foxtail 81 to 88%, with control appearing slightly lower when granules were not incorporated. The 81 to 88% foxtail control in conservation-till treatments was comparable to control achieved with trifluralin at 0.56 kg/ha applied in mid October on conventionally-tilled soil and incorporated by a field cultivator. Foxtail control improved somewhat as trifluralin rate was increased to 0.84 and 1.12 kg/ha in conservation-till treatments. Slight wheat stand reductions at 1.12 kg/ha of trifluralin did not appear to reduce wheat yield. Fall application of trifluralin granules in these high-residue conditions apparently minimizes herbicide losses by photodecomposition and volatility, thereby facilitating good trifluralin efficacy the following season.

Nitrogen management of spring milling wheat underseeded with red clover

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
Y. Papadopolous ◽  
J. A. MacLeod ◽  
C. D. Caldwell ◽  
D. F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

The benefits of underseeding cereals with legumes and grasses have been established. However, research is required to determine the effects of underseeding spring wheat with red clover on yield and milling quality. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the rates of supplemental N required to obtain 13.5% or greater grain protein of three spring milling wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) cultivars underseeded to red clover (Trifolium pratense L.); (2) to determine the effect of supplemental N on establishment of red clover , and (3) to relate the N status of the soil after harvest to grain protein. Field experiments were conducted from 1998 to 2000 on three sites: Hartland, New Brunswick; Truro, Nova Scotia; and Harrington, Prince Edward Island. Grain yield and protein content increased with increasing amounts of supplemental N. In most years, supplemental N above a base application of 55 kg N ha-1 applied at 52.5 kg N ha-1 at Zadoks GS 30 resulted in 13.5% protein in the grain of Grandin and AC Barrie, but 70 kg N ha-1 was r equired for AC Walton. Based on the N content of the straw, Grandin was less effective in partitioning N into the grain than AC Barrie and AC Walton. Increasing rates of supplemental N caused a reduction in red clover establishment. Soil pH decreased with increasing rates of supplemental N. Nitrate N in the soil at 0–5 and 0–20 cm depths increased with supplemental N, but there was no effect on ammonium N. Differences in pH or levels of soil N after harvest did not account for differences in grain protein. In the Maritime provinces, to reach a desirable milling protein level in spring wheat of 13.5%, producers will need to add supplemental N at a rate of at least 100 kg N ha-1 over and above background levels; however, this will be at the risk of reducing red clover establishment and increasing levels of soil N available for leaching. Key words: Spring wheat, Triticum aestivum, red clover, Trifolium pratense, underseeding, protein, nitrogen

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN NUTRITION CONDITIONS AND PHYTHORMONES ON CHANGE OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF SPRING WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Nina Petrovna Kovalevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Exogenous Auxin ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Maximum Content

The paper shows the effect of nitrogen nutrition, exogenous auxin, and rhizosphere auxin-synthesizing microorganisms on the variability of the composition of fatty acids (FA) in the vegetative organs of spring wheat. The object of the study was seedlings of spring soft wheat Triticum aestivum L. The determination of FAs was carried out by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of FAs showed that in the control variants (without auxin), nitrogen nutrition conditions did not affect the localization of polyunsaturated FAs in vegetative organs; the maximum content of triene FAs was observed in leaves of 48.30% (N-deficient variant) and 44.8% (NO-3-variant ) and the absence of these FAs in the roots. It was found that in the presence of nitrates, the proportion of unsaturated FAs in the leaves and roots of wheat decreases. The use of exogenous auxin (5–50 μg/ml) in the early stages of ontogenesis leads to an increase in the amount of saturated (palmitic and stearic) acids and a decrease in unsaturated acids in vegetative organs, regardless of the conditions of nitrogen nutrition. During the introduction of spring wheat seedlings by auxin-synthesizing microorganisms, it was noted that nitrogen-fixing bacteria affect the leaves of plants most effectively, the content of saturated FAs increases by 72%, and only 16% increases in these FAs in the leaves of nitrate-reducing microorganisms.

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