Controlling Bamboo (Phyllostachys spp.) with Herbicides

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Czarnota ◽  
Jeffrey Derr
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Bamboo Shoot ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

Bamboos are grass species that can escape cultivation and invade lawns, landscapes, and other areas. Limited information is available on ways to control invasive bamboo species. Greenhouse and field studies were initiated to determine the level of bamboo control provided by a single application of selected PRE and POST herbicides. Bamboo species included in the study were golden bamboo in greenhouse experiments and red-margined bamboo in field experiments. In greenhouse trials, MSMA, quinclorac, dithiopyr, clethodim, fenoxaprop, and sethoxydim did not control either species. Glyphosate, glufosinate, and fluazifop significantly reduced bamboo-shoot fresh weight, although regrowth occurred after a single application. In field trials, bamboo control with dichlobenil in the 2002 and 2004 experiments was less than 23%. For the study initiated in 2002, glyphosate and imazapyr provided 76% and 98% bamboo control, respectively, at 58 wk after treatment (WAT). By 161 WAT (approximately 3 yr after treatment), bamboo-control ratings were 40% with glyphosate and 85% with imazapyr. For the study initiated in 2004, at 61 WAT, glyphosate and imazapyr provided 46 and 88% control of bamboo, respectively.

scholarly journals Optimizing Sowing Depth of Tef for Irrigated Mediterranean Conditions: From Laboratory to Field Studies

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1983
Author(s):  
Shiran Ben-Zeev ◽  
Shane Kerzner ◽  
Onn Rabinovitz ◽  
Yehoshua Saranga
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

Developing new crops adapted to arid conditions is a promising approach to meet the increasing demand for food production under expanding aridity. Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is a C4 cereal crop cultivated mainly in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa, and known for its high resilience to stressful environments. Due to their tiny size, tef seeds are traditionally sown by broadcasting and lightly covering with soil. Under semiarid Mediterranean conditions, a deeper sowing may guarantee seedling establishment while saving on irrigation water. The objective of this study was, therefore, to determine the effects of sowing depth on tef emergence, development, lodging, and productivity. Tef seeds were sown at different depths in test tubes and pots, and in two field experiments. In tubes and pots, time from sowing to emergence increased about twofold and emergence rate decreased in the deepest sowing (3 cm) treatment compared to controls (0 cm). In the pot and field trials, deep sowing (3 cm) significantly reduced plant height, shoot and root biomass, and lodging. Sowing depths of 1–2 cm allowed successful plant establishment while not exacting penalties on plant emergence or development; hence this range appears to be optimal for sowing irrigated tef.

Ammonium Sulfate Effects on the Activity of Herbicides for Selective Grass Control

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Uv Degradation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Rapid Absorption ◽  
Plant Cuticles

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted from 1987 to 1990 at the Lacombe Research Station to determine the influence of ammonium sulfate (AS) on various grass control herbicides. In field studies, AS had slight or no effects on the phytotoxicity of aryloxyphenoxypropanoate (APP) herbicides (fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, and quizalofop). The largest AS-mediated increase in APP herbicide phytotoxicity was 19% (based on fresh weight reduction) for wild oat with haloxyfop at 50 g/ha. AS consistently mediated increases in cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicide phytotoxicity. With added AS, barley fresh weight was reduced 75% (1988) with BAS 517 at 50 g/ha, and 100% (1990) with clethodim at 25 g/ha. Greenhouse studies confirmed field studies, but differences were less substantial and consistent. It is suggested that APP herbicides are either less susceptible to UV degradation than CHD herbicides, and/or that APP herbicides may penetrate plant cuticles quickly enough to nullify any protection from UV degradation that AS might provide via rapid absorption.

scholarly journals Drought response of modern and old oat lines in greenhouse and long-term field trials

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Mäkelä ◽  
Leena Väärälä ◽  
Riikka Rajalahti ◽  
Ari Rajala ◽  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Plant Breeding Institute ◽  
The University ◽  
Term Field

This study compares the response of old and modern oat (Avena sutiva L.) lines to pre-anthesis precipitation in long-term field trials, and to pre- and post-anthesis drought in the greenhouse. Long-term field trials were carried out at the Experimental Farms of Hankkija Plant Breeding Institute and the University of Helsinki between 1965 and 1988. Grain yield of 12 oat lines (released since 1959) was compared with that of the check lines. The effect of differences in May-June precipitation on grain yield was established for different lines. Greenhouse experiments included 19 oat lines (released since 1921) and three wild species of oat (A. barbata L., A. sterilis max. L. and A. fatua L.). The data from greenhouse experiments were analysed using discriminant analysis in groups of old (released before 1970s), modern, and wild oat types. Ranking of the oat lines according to results from long-term field trials and greenhouse experiments was not consistent; contrary to the field experiments, the old lines tended to be the most drought sensitive when tested in the greenhouse. Therefore, the simple and non-laborious methods used in this study for ranking of drought sensitivity of oat lines are not recommended.

scholarly journals Development of Strategies to Evaluate Brassica oleracea L. Vegetable Crops for Wirestem Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 621c-621
Author(s):  
Mark W. Farnham ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Respective Field ◽  
Controlled Environments

Wirestem, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a destructive disease of B. oleracea cole crops and is distributed worldwide. Effective means of wirestem control include soil fumigation and soil treatment with pentachloronitrobenzene, which are increasingly expensive and environmentally undesirable. As a consequence, alternative methods of wirestem control are needed. Thus, we conducted controlled-environment and field experiments to develop methodology to study host-plant resistance and possibly biocontrol agents as potential wirestem control alternatives. Seedlings of 12 cultivars (three each of cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, and collard) at the four- to five-leaf stage were transplanted to trays in a growth room or into field plots and covered with soil infested with R. solani AG-4 sclerotia. Disease progression (percent of plants healthy, diseased, and dead) was observed every 3 days for 2 weeks in the controlled environments and for 3 weeks in field trials. At the end of two studies, plants were dug with roots intact and rated for disease using a 1 to 10 scale. In all trials, percent healthy plants stabilized at about 2 weeks after inoculation. Incidence of wirestem disease varied among experiments ranging from 70% to 100% diseased, dead plants in controlled environments, and from 51% to 88% and 33% 65% in the two respective field studies. Disease rating was always negatively and significantly correlated with percent healthy plants. Although a genotype × environment interaction was observed, some cultivars (i.e., `Snowcone' and `Snowcrown' cauliflowers) were always severely diseased, while others (i.e., `Viking' broccoli and `Blue Max' collard) were consistently among the least diseased.

Mature Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf with a Metribuzin–Diclofop Combination

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy K. Nishimoto ◽  
Charles L. Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Field studies were conducted to determine if metribuzin–diclofop combinations could provide selective control of mature goosegrass in common bermudagrass turf. In two field trials, diclofop at 1.7 kg ai/ha provided 19% control of mature goosegrass at 7 wk after treatment (WAT), whereas metribuzin at 0.28 or 0.56 kg ai/ha controlled 30 and 53%, respectively. When diclofop at 1.7 kg/ha was combined with metribuzin at 0.28 or 0.56 kg/ha, goosegrass control increased to 68 and 90%, respectively. That degree of mature goosegrass control with a single application of metribuzin at 0.56 kg/ha plus diclofop at 1.7 kg/ha was equivalent to metribuzin at 0.56 kg/ha plus MSMA at 2.2 kg ae/ha followed by MSMA at 2.2 kg/ha 1 wk later. The metribuzin–diclofop combination injured common bermudagrass turf less than or equivalent to the metribuzin–MSMA combination. The injury was transitory; at 3 WAT, none of the treatments injured common bermudagrass.

Miscanthus × giganteus Response to Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Anderson ◽  
Thomas B. Voigt ◽  
Germán A. Bollero ◽  
Aaron G. Hager
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Miscanthus is a perennial rhizomatous C4 grass being evaluated in the United States as a potential bioenergy feedstock. Weed control during the first two growing seasons is essential for successful establishment. No herbicides are currently labeled for use in Miscanthus grown for biomass, but herbicides used on field corn might be safe to Miscanthus. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the response of Miscanthus to numerous preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides. Herbicides with activity only on broadleaf species, whether PRE or POST, did not exhibit injury or reduce Miscanthus biomass. Several herbicides, particularly those with significant activity on grass species, exhibited injury ranging from 6 to 71% (scale of 0 to 100) and/or reduced Miscanthus dry mass by 33 to 78%, especially at the highest rates applied. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 with a selection of the herbicides used in the greenhouse experiments to evaluate the response of Miscanthus to herbicides applied PRE, POST and PRE followed by POST. Results from the field experiments generally confirmed those from the greenhouse experiments. PRE herbicides and herbicides with broadleaf-specific activity generally did not produce significant injury or reduce aboveground biomass while herbicides with grass activity tended to cause injury ranging from 22 to 25% and/or reduce biomass by 69 to 78%. With some exceptions, results support prior suppositions that herbicides used in corn are safe to use on Miscanthus and may provide potential herbicide options that growers can use when establishing Miscanthus.

scholarly journals The effect of Trichoderma on the growth and development of tomato and bean under greenhouse and field conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn Ban ◽  
Shamsul Akanda ◽  
Macquin Maino
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

Trichoderma's plant growth stimulating effect is well-recognized besides its well-known role as a biocontrol agent against plant diseases. Two greenhouse and field studies were conducted at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology (PNGUOT) to test the effects of Trichoderma harzianum on the growth of tomato and bean plants. Greenhouse potted plants were inoculated with three T. harzianum strains at 106 CFUmL-1, whereas, the field experiments were inoculated with T. harzianum strain LIPIMCO548 in rice bran at 0, 25, 50 and 75g/m2 soil. In the greenhouse experiments, Trichoderma inoculation increased the root and shoot length, and total fresh weight of bean plant up to 16.57, 20.79 and 21.37%, respectively over the un-inoculated control. For tomato plants, significantly higher (p ≤0.05, LSD) average root growth was observed when inoculated with T. harzianum strain CE262 over the control. On average, Trichoderma inoculation increased the root and shoot length, and the fresh weight up to 26.4, 9.6 and 18.8%, respectively over the control. Similar growth patterns were also observed in the field experiments. These results will be of immense value to vegetable growers in Papua New Guinea (PNG), especially to the intensive vegetable growing areas in the highland regions of the country.

Corrosion and performance of dust palliatives : laboratory and field studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Edwards ◽  
Charles Weiss ◽  
J. Newman ◽  
Fred Nichols ◽  
L. Coffing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
Air Impingement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rotary Wing

This report details laboratory and field experiments on BioPreferred® dust suppressants to assess performance and corrosion characteristics. Numerous bio-based dust suppressant products are marketed, but little data are available to assess performance for dust abatement and corrosion of common metals. A laboratory study used an air impingement device and the Portable In-Situ Wind ERosion Laboratory (PI-SWERL) to simulate wind speeds similar to those in field conditions for rotary wing aircraft. Laboratory corrosion studies used metal coupons imbedded in soil treated with dust palliative. Field trials were conducted using ground vehicle traffic to minimize cost and lower safety concerns while increasing surface wear from repetitive traffic. These studies clearly show that bio-based products demonstrate low corrosion potential with similar dust abatement performance to synthetic-based agents.

Safening of Native Grass to Herbicides by Using Carbon Bands

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-505
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
John Lloyd-Reilley ◽  
Jeff Rahmes ◽  
W. R. Ocumpaugh ◽  
Jamie L. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Grass

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a carbon band to provide a “safe zone” for seedling emergence and growth of three native grass species. ‘KIKA677’ streambed bristlegrass germplasm, ‘Alamo’ switchgrass, and ‘Waelder’ shortspike windmillgrass germplasm were used in combination with several PRE- and POST-applied herbicides including cloransulam, flumioxazin, imazapic, imazethapyr, and 2,4-D. In a greenhouse experiment, switchgrass emergence was improved when a carbon band was used with imazapic or imazethapyr at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ai ha−1or 2,4-D at 2.12 kg ae ha−1. Windmillgrass emergence was improved when carbon was used in combination with flumioxazin at 0.05 and 0.1 kg ai ha−1, imazapic at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ha−1, imazethapyr at 0.07 kg ha−1, and 2,4-D at 1.06 kg ha−1, whereas bristlegrass emergence was improved when carbon was used in combination with flumioxazin at 0.1 kg ai ha−1, imazapic at both rates, and imazethapyr at 0.04 kg ha−1. Field studies indicated that flumioxazin at 0.05 and 0.1 kg ha−1, imazapic at 0.04 kg ha−1, and imazethapyr at 0.04 and 0.07 kg ha−1, were safened for bristlegrass and switchgrass emergence when used with carbon. Windmillgrass emergence and growth were improved when carbon was used in combination with flumioxazin at 0.1 kg ha−1.

Weed Response to Foliar Coapplications of Glyphosate and Zinc Sulfate

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek M. Scroggs ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
Alexander M. Stewart ◽  
B. Rogers Leonard ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Glyphosate Formulations

Field trials were conducted during 2006 and 2007 and a container study was performed twice in 2007 at the Dean Lee Research and Extension Center in Alexandria, LA to evaluate the interaction of glyphosate and zinc coapplied to selected weeds. Across all experiments, no differences in either visible weed control or weed fresh weight were detected among glyphosate formulations. In the field studies, weed control was greatest when glyphosate was applied alone, in which case control of barnyardgrass, browntop millet, and Palmer amaranth ranged between 93 and 95%. When glyphosate was coapplied with formulations of zinc, control of the aforementioned weed species was reduced to 39, 39, and 45%, respectively. Visual estimates of weed control in the container studies showed glyphosate performance to be the highest (82 to 98%) in the absence of zinc for control of barnyardgrass, browntop millet, johnsongrass, ivyleaf morningglory, and redroot pigweed. Across all weed species, control was reduced 43 to 59% when zinc was coapplied with glyphosate. Similar results were noted in reduction of weed fresh weights. Results indicate that glyphosate-based weed control is reduced when coapplied with the zinc products at their current use rates. Producers should be aware of this antagonism and these coapplications should not be recommended.

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