Bispyribac–Sodium Efficacy on Early Watergrass (Echinochloa oryzoides) and Late Watergrass (Echinochloa Phyllopogon) as Affected by Coapplication of Selected Rice Herbicides and Insecticides

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos A. Damalas ◽  
Kico V. Dhima ◽  
Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Echinochloa Phyllopogon

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of application rate, growth stage, and tank mixing azimsulfuron, bentazon, MCPA, propanil, or cyhalofop on the efficacy of bispyribac–sodium against early watergrass and late watergrass from rice fields in northern Greece. Mixtures of bispyribac–sodium with the insecticides carbaryl, diazinon, and dichlorvos were also evaluated. Bispyribac–sodium (24 to 36 g ai/ha) applied alone at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 89 to 100% control of early watergrass and 84 to 100% control of late watergrass. When bispyribac–sodium was applied alone at the five- to six-leaf growth stage of early watergrass and late watergrass, control ranged from 78 to 100% and 71 to 100%, respectively. Mixtures of bispyribac–sodium with azimsulfuron provided better control of both species at any growth stage than bispyribac–sodium applied alone. On the contrary, mixtures of bispyribac–sodium with bentazon, MCPA, or propanil were less effective on both species at any growth stage than bispyribac–sodium applied alone. A slight efficacy reduction occurred on both species for the mixture of bispyribac–sodium with cyhalofop. Mixtures of bispyribac–sodium with the insecticides carbaryl or dichlorvos showed reduced efficacy on both species, whereas increased efficacy on both species was observed for mixtures of bispyribac–sodium with diazinon as compared with the single application of bispyribac–sodium.

Control of Early Watergrass (Echinochloa Oryzoides) and Late Watergrass (Echinochloa Phyllopogon) with Cyhalofop, Clefoxydim, and Penoxsulam Applied Alone and in Mixture with Broadleaf Herbicides

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos A. Damalas ◽  
Kico V. Dhima ◽  
Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Late Growth ◽  
Echinochloa Phyllopogon

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of application rate, growth stage, and tank-mixing azimsulfuron or bentazon on the activity of cyhalofop, clefoxydim, and penoxsulam against two morphologically distinctEchinochloaspecies from rice fields in Greece. Mixtures of penoxsulam with MCPA were also evaluated. Cyhalofop (300 to 600 g ai/ha) applied at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 62 to 85% control of early watergrass but 41 to 83% control of late watergrass averaged over mixture treatments. Control ranged from 37 to 80% for early watergrass and from 35 to 78% for late watergrass when cyhalofop was applied at the five- to six-leaf growth stage averaged over mixture treatments. Mixtures of cyhalofop with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy on both species irrespective of growth stage or cyhalofop application rate compared with cyhalofop alone. Clefoxydim (100 to 250 g ai/ha) applied alone at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 98 to 100% control of early watergrass and 91 to 100% control of late watergrass; when clefoxydim was applied alone at the five- to six-leaf growth stage the control obtained was 91 to 100% for early watergrass and 79 to 100% for late watergrass. Mixtures of clefoxydim with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy on late watergrass at the early growth stage and on both species at the late growth stage. Penoxsulam (20 to 40 g ai/ha) applied alone provided 94 to 100% control of both species at both growth stages. Mixtures of MCPA with penoxsulam reduced efficacy on late watergrass at the early growth stage and on both species at the late growth stage. Mixtures of penoxsulam with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy only on late watergrass at the late growth stage.

scholarly journals Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Control with Imazapic on Montana Grasslands

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Mangold ◽  
Hilary Parkinson ◽  
Celestine Duncan ◽  
Peter Rice ◽  
Ed Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Research Triangle ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractDowny brome is a problematic invasive annual grass throughout western rangeland and has been increasing its abundance, spread, and impacts across Montana during the past several years. In an effort to develop effective management recommendations for control of downy brome on Montana rangeland, we compiled data from 24 trials across the state that investigated efficacy of imazapic (Plateau®, BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC) applied at various rates and timings and with methylated seed oil (MSO) or a nonionic surfactant (NIS). We ran a mixed-model ANOVA to test for main effects and interactions across application rate (70, 105, 141, 176, and 211 g ai ha−1), application timing (preemergent [PRE], early postemergent [EPOST, one- to two-leaf growth stage], and postemergent [POST, three- to four-leaf growth stage]), and adjuvant (MSO, NIS). Application timing and rate interacted to affect downy brome control (P = 0.0033). PRE imazapic application resulted in the lowest downy brome control (5 to 19%), followed by POST application (25 to 77%) and EPOST application (70 to 95%). Downy brome control remained fairly consistent across rates within application timing. Adjuvant (MSO or NIS) did not affect downy brome control (P = 0.2789). Our data indicate that POST application at 105 to 141 g ai ha−1 provides the most-consistent, short-term control of downy brome. Furthermore, applying imazapic to downy brome seedlings shortly after emergence (one- to two-leaf growth stage) provided better control than applying it to older downy brome seedlings (three- to four-leaf growth stage).

Resistance of Enlist™ (AAD-12) Cotton to Glufosinate

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bo Braxton ◽  
John S. Richburg ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
A. Stanley Culpepper ◽  
Robert A. Haygood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Single Application

Enlist™ cotton contains the aad-12 and pat genes that confer resistance to 2,4-D and glufosinate, respectively. Thirty-three field trials were conducted focused on Enlist cotton injury from glufosinate as affected by cotton growth stage, application rate, and single or sequential applications. Maximum injury from a single application of typical 1X (542 g ae ha-1) and 2X use rates was 3 and 13%, respectively, regardless of growth stage. Injury from sequential applications of 1X or 2X rates was equivalent to single applications. Similar injury was observed with four commercial formulations of glufosinate. Cotton yield was never affected by glufosinate. This research demonstrates Enlist™ cotton has robust resistance to glufosinate at rates at least twice the typical use rate when applied once or twice at growth stages ranging from 2 to 12 leaves.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Hale ◽  
Taghi Bararpour ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
John Seale ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Glyphosate Drift ◽  
Herbicide Drift

A field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the sensitivity and recovery of grain sorghum to the simulated drift of glufosinate, glyphosate, and paraquat at two application timings (V6 and flag leaf growth stage). Paraquat drift caused maximum injury to sorghum plants in both years, whereas the lowest injury was caused by glyphosate in 2017. Averaged over all herbicide treatments, injury to grain sorghum from the simulated herbicide drift was 5% greater when herbicides were applied at flag leaf stage, as compared to herbicide applications at the six-leaf stage in 2017. In 2018, injury from glyphosate drift was higher when applied at the six-leaf stage than at the flag leaf stage. Paraquat and glufosinate drift caused more injury when applied at flag leaf stage than at six-leaf stage at 14 days after application in 2018. About 21% to 29% of injury from the simulated drift of paraquat led to a 31% reduction in grain sorghum yield, as compared to a nontreated check in 2017. The simulated drift of glyphosate and glufosinate did not result in any significant yield reduction compared to the nontreated check in 2017, possibly due to the recovery of sorghum plants after herbicides’ drift application.

Fungicide efficacy on tar spot and yield of corn in the Midwestern United States

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy E. P. Telenko ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Adam Byrne ◽  
Jill Check ◽  
Camila Rocco Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Tar Spot ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Foliar Fungicide

Tar spot of corn caused by Phyllachora maydis has recently led to significant yield losses in the eastern corn belt of the Midwestern United States. Foliar fungicides containing quinone outside inhibitors(QoI), demethylation inhibitors(DMI), and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI) are commonly used to manage foliar diseases in corn. To mitigate the losses from tar spot thirteen foliar fungicides containing single or multiple modes of action (MOA/FRAC groups) were applied at their recommended rates in a single application at the standard tassel/silk growth stage timing to evaluate their efficacy against tar spot in a total of eight field trials in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin during 2019 and 2020. The single MOA fungicides included either a QoI or DMI. The dual MOA fungicides included a DMI with either a QoI or SDHI, and fungicides containing three MOAs included a QoI, DMI, and SDHI. Tar spot severity estimated as the percentage of leaf area covered by P. maydis stroma of the non-treated control at dent growth stage ranged from 1.6 to 23.3% on the ear leaf. Averaged across eight field trials all foliar fungicide treatments reduced tar spot severity, but only prothioconazole+trifloxystrobin, mefentrifluconazole+pyraclostrobin+fluxapyroxad, and mefentrifluconazole+pyraclostrobin significantly increased yield over the non-treated control. When comparing fungicide treatments by the number of MOAs foliar fungicide products that had two or three MOAs decreased tar spot severity over not treating and products with one MOA. The fungicide group that contained all three MOAs significantly increased yield over not treating with a fungicide or using a single MOA.

scholarly journals ANNUAL GRASSES CONTROL WITH TOPRAMEZONE IN MIXTURE WITH ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. DAMALAS ◽  
T. K. GITSOPOULOS ◽  
S.D. KOUTROUBAS ◽  
I. GEORGOULAS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTPanicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane as well as of several other important grains, including sorghum, pearl millet, and foxtail millet. Pot trials were conducted to study the activity and potential interactions of topramezone in mixture with recommended rates of rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron on three annual panicoid grasses (i.e. Echinochloa oryzoides,E.phyllopogon, and Panicum miliaceum). Target weeds were treated at the four- to five-leaf growth stage. On the basis of fresh weight reduction, topramezone alone provided 78% control of E.oryzoides, 68% control of E.phyllopogon, and 99% control of P.miliaceum. Topramezone plus rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron provided decreased control of both Echinochloa spp. compared with topramezone alone. The decreased control of E.oryzoidesand E.phyllopogon was more pronounced with rimsulfuron as a companion herbicide in the mixtures. Slightly decreased control of P.milaceum was observed with topramezone plus rimsulfuron compared with topramezone alone, but this was not the case for topramezone plus nicosulfuron. Increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron did not improve control of E.oryzoides and E.phyllopogon compared with the lowest topramezone rate. Also, increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron showed decreased control of both Echinochloa spp. when compared with either rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron alone, suggesting a two-way interaction between topramezone and the ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The above-mentioned interaction was not observed in P.miliaceum, probably related with species sensitivity to the herbicides tested. Newly introduced or naturalized panicoid grasses in maize fields may complicate selection of companion herbicides and rates for effective weed control.

scholarly journals Growth and Flowering of ‘Alice du Pont’ Mandevilla in Response to Sumagic

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
C. Frederick Deneke ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
John A. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Vegetative growth of ‘Alice du Pont’ mandevilla can be controlled by selection of an appropriate foliar application rate of Sumagic (uniconazole) and application interval. A single application of 5 to 20 ppm ai Sumagic (uniconazole) controlled vegetative growth for only 3 to 4 weeks; after this time, growth rates were similar to control plants. Multiple applications of 5 to 20 ppm ai Sumagic (uniconazole) effectively restricted vegetative growth; as the concentration of Sumagic (uniconazole) increased, the interval between applications increased from about 4 (5 ppm) to 6 (20 ppm) weeks. A single application of higher rates (30 to 120 ppm) of Sumagic (uniconazole) was phytotoxic. Generally, time to flowering increased and flower diameter decreased when application rate increased.

Combined de-inking paper sludge and poultry manure application on corn yield and soil nutrients

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Gagnon, Michel C. Nolin ◽  
Athyna N. Cambouris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Application Rates

Application of combined de-inking paper sludge and poultry manure may be an appropriate way to dispose of these residues and restore fertility of highly degraded soils. An experiment was initiated to determine the effects of a single application of this material, using two different application techniques, on corn yield and soil properties of two 12-ha fields of contrasting textures located in the Nicolet watershed in the province of Québec, Canada. De-inking paper sludge was mixed with poultry manure (PP) at a ratio of 25:1 and strip-applied before corn seeding. The study included three treatments: untreated control, a constant application rate, and variable application rates according to initial soil organic C content. The variable application rates were 10, 20 and 30 Mg dry weight ha-1. The strips were randomized within blocks, and the strips ran lengthwise in the blocks. Soil N immobilization and P release occurred on both sites at least 2 mo after PP incorporation, as measured at the corn eight-leaf and silk apparition stages by the anion-exchange membranes. Despite early N immobilization, grain yield was not affected whereas plant P uptake was increased by PP. At both sites, a single application of PP increased soil pH and major nutrient levels at harvest but had no significant effect on soil organic C. The application of PP also increased P saturation indices but the measured values were well below critical thresholds above which environmental risks would be high. The variable application rate treatment did not differ from the equivalent constant rate treatment for improving soil status and crop growth. This study indicates that mixing de-inking paper sludge and poultry manure may provide a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to land disposal of these wastes. Key words: Corn, paper sludge, poultry manure, precision farming, soil nutrients

Safening Influence of LAB 145 138 on Nicosulfuron, Terbufos and Bentazon Interactions in Sweet Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren K. Robinson ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
James D. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Previously Treated

LAB 145 138 (LAB) was evaluated as a safener to improve sweet corn tolerance to nicosulfuron applied POST alone or with terbufos applied in the planting furrow or bentazon applied POST. To ensure enhanced injury for experimental purposes, nicosulfuron was applied at twice the registered rate alone or mixed with bentazon at the six- to seven-leaf growth stage of corn previously treated with the highest labeled rate of terbufos 15 G formulation. LAB applied as a seed treatment (ST) or POST at the two- to three-, four- to five-, or six- to seven-leaf growth stages reduced height reduction and yield loss from nicosulfuron applied POST in combination with terbufos applied in-furrow. LAB applied POST at the four- to five-leaf growth stage was most effective in preventing injury from this treatment, with yield reduced only 8% compared with 54% from the nicosulfuron and terbufos treatment. LAB applied POST at the eight- to nine-leaf growth stage did not alleviate injury. With the nicosulfuron, terbufos, and bentazon combination, LAB applied POST at the three- to four- or six- to seven-leaf growth stages decreased height reduction and yield loss caused by this combination, with LAB at the three- to four-leaf growth stage being most effective.

Relative effectiveness of various sources, methods, times and rates of copper fertilizers in improving grain yield of wheat on a Cu-deficient soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
L. Cowell ◽  
H. R. Kutcher
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cu Deficiency

A field experiment was conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of various sources, methods, times and rates of Cu fertilizers on grain yield, protein concentration in grain, concentration of Cu in grain and uptake of Cu in grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and residual concentration of DTPA-extractable Cu in soil on a Cu-deficient soil near Porcupine Plain in northeastern Saskatchewan. The experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 on the same site, but the results for 2002 were not presented because of very low grain yield due to drought in the growing season. The 25 treatments included soil application of four granular Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate, Cu sulphate, Cu oxysulphate I and Cu oxysulphate II) as soil-incorporated (at 0.5 and 2.0 kg Cu ha-1), seedrow-placed (at 0.25 and 1.0 kg Cu ha-1) and foliar application of four solution Cu fertilizers (Cu chelate-EDTA, Cu sequestered I, Cu sulphate/chelate and Cu sequestered II at 0.25 kg Cu ha-1) at the four-leaf and flag-leaf growth stages, plus a zero-Cu check. Soil was tilled only once to incorporate all designated Cu and blanket fertilizers into the soil a few days prior to seeding. Wheat plants in the zero-Cu treatment exhibited Cu deficiency in all years. For foliar application at the flag-leaf stage, grain yield increased with all four of the Cu fertilizers in 2000 and 2001, and in all but Cu sequestered II in 1999. Foliar application at the four-leaf growth stage of three Cu fertilizers (Cu chelate-EDTA, Cu sequestered I and Cu sulphate/chelate), soil incorporation of all Cu fertilizers at 2 kg Cu ha-1 and two Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate and Cu sulphate) at 0.5 kg Cu ha-1 rate, and seedrow placement of two Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate and Cu sulphate) at 1 kg Cu ha-1 increased grain yield of wheat only in 2001. There was no effect of Cu fertilization on protein concentration in grain. The increase in concentration and uptake of Cu in grain from Cu fertilization usually showed a trend similar to grain yield. There was some increase in residual DTPA-extractable Cu in the 0–60 cm soil in Cu lignosulphonate, Cu sulphate and Cu oxysulphate II soil incorporation treatments, particularly at the 2 kg Cu ha-1 rate. In summary, the results indicate that foliar application of Cu fertilizers at the flag-leaf growth stage can be used for immediate correction of Cu deficiency in wheat. Because Cu deficiency in crops often occurs in irregular patches within fields, foliar application may be the most practical and economical way to correct Cu deficiency during the growing season, as lower Cu rates can correct Cu deficiency. Key words: Application time, Cu source, foliar application, granular Cu, growth stage, placement method, rate of Cu, seedrow-placed Cu, soil incorporation

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