A Minirhizotron Method for Measuring Root System of Soybean Plants Growing in the Field.

We studied responsiveness of the different soybean cultivars bred at the Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Cereal Crops on application of the bio-fertilizers “Bio-Terra” Growth Energy and Gumistim. These preparations had positive effects on germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds and on development of root system and accumulation of dry matter in soybean plants of the cultivars Lantsetnaya and Shatilovskaya 17.

Download Full-text

CHLORIMURON-ETHYL IN CONVENTIONAL AND TRANSGENIC SOYBEAN CULTIVARS UNDER WATER DEFICIT STRESS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n405rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 832-842

Author(s):

Clebson Gomes Gonçalves ◽

Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior ◽

Maynumi Scarano ◽

Maria Renata Rocha Pereira ◽

Dagoberto Martins

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Water Potentials ◽

Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽

Soybean Plants

ABSTRACT Water deficit is a limiting factor for the soybean yield; it triggers different physiological and anatomical adaptations that have deleterious effects on the plants and can affect the selectivity of herbicides, causing production losses. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the action of the chlorimuron-ethyl herbicide when applied at different stages of soybean plants, using conventional and transgenic cultivars, and different soil water potentials. A rate of 20 g ha-1 of the chlorimuron-ethyl herbicide was applied to two soybean cultivars (MG/BR46-Conquista - conventional, and BRS-Valiosa-RR - transgenic) at two phenological stages (V2 - first fully expanded trifoliate leaves, and V4 - third fully expanded trifoliate leaves), using three soil water potentials (-0.03 MPa, -0.07 MPa, and -0.5 MPa). Phytotoxicity, and plant height were evaluated at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after the herbicide application. The shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root system nodulation were evaluated. The soybean plants had lower phytotoxicity when subjected to application of chlorimuron-ethyl under water deficit conditions. The use of chlorimuron-ethyl reduced the growth and biomass of soybean plants and affected the plants' root system nodulation. The transgenic cultivar (BRS-Valiosa-RR) presented better performance when subjected to a moderate water deficit (-0.07 MPa), which contributes to biological nitrogen fixation.

Download Full-text

Nitrate Transport and Distribution in Soybean Plants With Dual-Root Systems

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.661054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sha Li ◽

Fengsheng Xiao ◽

Daocheng Yang ◽

Xiaochen Lyu ◽

Chunmei Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Transient Storage ◽

Nitrate Transport ◽

N Fixation ◽

Supply Side ◽

Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽

N Supply ◽

Promote Plant Growth ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Transport Flux

Nitrate absorbed by soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) roots from the soil can promote plant growth, while nitrate transported to nodules inhibits nodulation and nodule nitrogen fixation activity. The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the inhibition of nodule nitrogen (N) fixation by characterizing the transport and distribution of nitrate in soybean plants. In this research, pot culture experiments were conducted using a dual root system of soybeans. In the first experiment, the distribution of 15N derived from nitrate was observed. In the second experiment, nitrate was supplied–withdrawal–resupplied to one side of dual-root system for nine consecutive days, and the other side was supplied with N-free solution. Nitrate contents in leaves, stems, petioles, the basal root of pealed skin and woody part at the grafting site were measured. Nitrate transport and distribution in soybean were analyzed combining the results of two experiments. The results showed that nitrate supplied to the N-supply side of the dual-root system was transported to the shoots immediately through the basal root pealed skin (the main transport route was via the phloem) and woody part (transport was chiefly related to the xylem). There was a transient storage of nitrate in the stems. After the distribution of nitrate, a proportion of the nitrate absorbed by the roots on the N-supply side was translocated to the roots and nodules on the N-free side with a combination of the basal root pealed skin and woody part. In conclusion, the basal root pealed skin and woody part are the main transport routes for nitrate up and down in soybean plants. Nitrate absorbed by roots can be transported to the shoots and then retranslocated to the roots again. The transport flux of nitrate to the N-free side was regulated by transient storage of nitrate in the stems.

Download Full-text

Changes in Root Architecture After Amino Acid Application in a Soybean Crop

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n1p325 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 325

Author(s):

Walquíria F. Teixeira ◽

Evandro B. Fagan ◽

Luís H. Soares ◽

Ellen M. A. Cabral ◽

Durval Dourado-Neto

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Root System ◽

Root Length ◽

Root Architecture ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Root Volume ◽

Projected Area ◽

Soybean Roots ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Secondary Roots

Improving the root system favors better plant growth, since it promotes water and nutrient absorption, resulting in higher plant yield. In this respect, the use of products for this purpose has become promising. Applying amino acids has benefitted the root system of Arabidopsis and in some vegetables; however, little is known about their influence on soybean plants. As such, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of applying amino acids to seeds and leaves on the root architecture of soybean plants. Effects of amino acids such as glutamate, cysteine, glycine and phenylalanine on the main root length (MRL), total root length (TRL), projected area (PA), root volume (RV), number of secondary roots (NSR), secondary root length (SRL) and number of tertiary roots (NTR) were evaluated. All the amino acids studied improved root architecture. Seed-applied cysteine increased TRL by 55%, in relation to control. When applied on leaves, it raised TRL by 27% and MRL by 69%, compared to control. Applying glycine to seeds increased MRL by 54%, PA by 69%, RV by 96% and NTR by 119%, all in relation to control. Thus, amino acids enhanced the architecture of soybean roots. However, glutamate, glycine and phenylalanine produced better responses when applied to seeds, and cysteine, when applied to leaves. All of these changes may help roots absorb more water and nutrients, thereby raising crop yield.

Download Full-text

Development of the nodulated soybean plant after flooding of the root system with different sources of nitrogen

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202005000300003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 291-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

André Luís Thomas ◽

Ladaslav Sodek

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

N2 Fixation ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Total N ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Soybean Plants

Flooding leads to hypoxia, a stress to which symbiotic N2 fixation is especially sensitive. The response of fully nodulated soybean plants to a 21-day period of flooding was studied by measurements of growth parameters and xylem transport of organic nitrogenous components to the shoot, in the presence and absence of NO3- and NH4+ in the medium. Flooding was found to seriously impair N2 fixation, irrespective of the N source, as indicated by strongly reduced xylem ureide levels. In the absence of a source of N, growth was strongly reduced during flooding while accumulation of N in the shoot was virtually abolished. Flooding in the presence of 5 mM NO3- or NH4+ led to the accumulation of total N in the shoot but only NO3- promoted increases in total dry matter, plant height and leaf area above that found in the absence of N. The accumulation of N, however, was lower than that of the non-flooded control for both NO3- and NH4+. The increases in total dry matter, plant height and leaf area with NO3- was as high as those of the non-flooded control. These data clearly show the beneficial effects of NO3- during a prolonged period of flooding of the nodulated root system of soybean.

Download Full-text

Influence potassium humate and vostok EM-1 drugs on yield and quality of Soybean Variety Ivan Karamanov in the conditions of the Primorskii Krai

Revista Amazonia Investiga ◽

10.34069/ai/2020.31.07.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (31) ◽

pp. 116-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga Vladimirovna Pavlova ◽

Lyudmila Vasilyevna Mitropolova ◽

Tatyana Vladimirovna Naumova ◽

Anastasia Alexandrovna Avramenko

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Variety ◽

Primorskii Krai ◽

Effective Microorganisms ◽

Potassium Humate ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Leaf Surface Area ◽

Control Variant ◽

Soybean Plants

The article presents the research results of the influence potassium humate and effective microorganisms on soybean variety Ivan Karamanov plants on survival, preservation, yield, crop structure and seed quality. The results were obtained as follows. The preservation ability of soybean plants in the control variant was 90%, it increased by 2% when treated with potassium humate and it increased by 3% when treated with Vostok EM-1. The use of potassium humate and effective microorganisms increases the soya leaf surface area. Treatment of soybean plants with growth regulators during the growing season beneficially affects the growth and development of the root system. The length of the main root and the mass of the root system increases when plants are treated with potassium humate. The number of nodules increases almost fourfold from 7.2 in the control variant and it increases to 27.9 in the variant with potassium humate. The attachment height of the lower bean increases by 2.2 cm when treating plants with potassium humate which reduces losses during harvesting. The productivity of a single plant increases from 4.73 g to 5.54 g when treated with potassium humate and to 5.16 g when treated with effective microorganisms. The yield of soya increases by 0.44 t / ha when treated with potassium humate compared to the control variant which corresponds to 19.7%, and when treated with effective microorganisms it increases by 12.6%. Treatment of plants with potassium humate and effective microorganisms contributes to the production of higher quality seeds. Laboratory seed germination without treatment was 88.0%, it was 96.5% when treated with potassium humate and it was 91.0 % when treated with effective microorganisms.

Download Full-text

Drought stress induces changes in the physiology and root system of soybean plants

Revista Brasileira de Botânica ◽

10.1007/s40415-021-00776-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laís Teles de Souza ◽

Saulo Augusto Quassi de Castro ◽

Jeisiane Fátima de Andrade ◽

Aline Araujo Politano ◽

Eveline Calderan Meneghetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Root System ◽

Soybean Plants

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF GOAT’S-RUE RHIZOBIA ON THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE SOYBEAN – BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM 634B SYMBIOSIS

Agriciltural microbiology ◽

10.35868/1997-3004.29.29-36 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

N. M. Melnykova ◽

S. Ya. Kots

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Root System ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Nodule Formation ◽

Nodule Bacteria ◽

Rhizobial Symbiosis ◽

Soybean Nodule ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Observation Period

Objective. Study the peculiarities of nodule formation upon the formation of the symbiotic sys-tem soybean-Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b, as well as the symbiotic nitrogen-fixation ability and plant growth and development under the influence of goat’s-rue rhizobia. Methods. Microbiologi-cal, physiological, statistical, gas chromatography. Results. In green house experiments, using sand as a substrate for growing plants, the mixed microbial cultures combining soybean nodule bacteria B. japonicum 634b and goat’s-rue nodule bacteria R. galegae 0702 or R. galegae 0703 in the ratio of 1 : 1 differed from the monoculture bradyrhizobium by their influence on the nodulation, nitro-gen-fixation ability of soybean-rhizobial symbiosis and development of soybean plants (variety Almaz). Increased nodulation activity in the primordial leaf and budding phases, as well as a signif-icant decrease in the level of symbiosis nitrogen fixation during budding, were observed when used in binary bacterial compositions of strain R. galegae 0703. These rhizobia of goat’s-rue suppressed the development of the root system of soybeans, but had no significant effect on the formation of the aerial part of the plants throughout the observation period. R. galegae 0702 strain slightly slowed the formation of nodules by bacteria in the primordial leaf phase, which caused a decrease in the number of soybean plants that formed symbiosis with B. japonicum 634b. Goat’s-rue nodule bacte-ria R. galegae 0702 improved the formation of the root system, and stimulated the growth and de-velopment of the aerial part of the macro symbiont in the phase of two trigeminal leaves. Conclu-sion. Combined inoculation of the rhizobia of goat’s-rue with nodule bacteria B. japonicum 634b showed a multidirectional effect on the formation of symbiosis by soybean plants of variety Almaz and functioning of soybean rhizobial symbiosis. The nature of the influence of R. galegae depended on their strain affiliation.

Download Full-text