Potential use of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) endophytic fungi as seed treatment agents against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Infection caused by root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita may cause yield losses. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of endophytic bacterial group as biocontrol agents of RKN. This research was aimed to obtain endophytic bacteria group from 16 species of plants, which effectively controlled the RKN. Isolation of endophytic bacteria group was conducted using NA 20%, NA 50%, TSA 20%, TSA 50%, and King’s B medium. All of the bacteria groups giving negative result in hypersensitive and haemolytic tests, was further examined for their ability to produce protease, chitinase, and cyanide acid. The same endophytic bacteria groups were also tested for their potential to control juvenile 2 of M. incognita on tomatoes by seed treatment and soil drenching. Agronomical and pathological traits were observed 40 days after nematodes infestation. Eighty endophytic bacteria groups were successfully isolated and 17 of them were considered potential. Physiological test showed that 16 groups of endophytic bacteria can produce protease enzyme, 12 groups can produce chitinase enzyme, and 5 groups can produce cyanide acid. Specific endophytic bacteria group, i.e. TmtN5 from roots of tomato plant, is the most effective isolate for suppressing root damage and population of RKN. This group was effective as biocontrol agents of RKN because it produceds chitinase, protease, and cyanide acid. This research provided a new information regarding the potential use of endophytic bacteria group as a biocontrol agent of RKN.

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COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY OF MANAGING MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA ON THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF CUCUMBERS (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.) USING ROOT GROW (MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI) AND BROILER DROPPINGS

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2021-0502-677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 596-620

Author(s):

Oluwatoyin E. Bello ◽

Nkechi B. Izuogu ◽

Oluwasesan M. Bello

Keyword(s):

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Screen House

Screen-house and field experiments were carried out to evaluate and compare the activities of Root grow (mycorrhiza fungi) and broiler droppings (singly and both) on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting Cucumber, Cucumis sativus (L). The experiment was designed as a 2 by 5 factorial fitted into a Complete Randomised Design (CRD) and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for screen house and field experiments respectively. Two levels each of the two treatments were evaluated both in the screen house and on the field. Root-grow (mycorrhiza fungi) was evaluated at the rate of 0.5 g and 1.0 g while broiler droppings were evaluated at the rate of 50 g and 100 g. The effects of treatments on vegetative growth as well as nematode damage and population were determined both in the screen house and on the field. All data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and where treatment means were significant, multiple comparisons of treatments were done using Tukey’s honesty significant difference at a 5 % level of significance. Broiler droppings at 100 g and 50 g were more effective in controlling nematode than the two levels of Root grow (mycorrhiza fungi). Plant growth was best with broiler droppings at 100 g followed by broiler droppings at 50 g. Nematode population was reduced in all plant treated and were less galled compared with the control. The results showed that broiler droppings and mycorrhiza fungi can be used in controlling root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber

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Effect of Oil Cakes and Bio-agents Each Alone and in Combination for Management of Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Green Gram

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management ◽

10.23910/1.2021.2378d ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 286-294

Author(s):

Poornata Jena ◽

◽

N. K. Sahoo ◽

J. K. Mahalik ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Green Gram ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Neem Cake ◽

Untreated Check ◽

Am Fungus

A pot experiment was carried out in the net house of Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during June to August, 2017 on the application of oilcakes (mustard cake and neem cake) and bio-agents (Trichoderma viride, Glomus fasciculatum, Rhizobium leguminosarum) each alone and in combination for the management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in green gram. Result of the experiment indicated that soil application of mustard or neem cake @ 50 g m-2 with AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) @ 5 g m-² and seed treatment of Rhizobium @ 25 g kg-1 of green gram seed declined the root knot nematode population, number of galls plant-1, number of eggmass plant-1and root knot index with corresponding increase of plant growth parameters and chlorophyll content in green gram plant as compared to other treatments and untreated check. But integration of mustard cake @ 50 g m-2 at 2 weeks prior to sowing with AM fungus @ 5 g m-2 at 10 days before sowing and seed treatment of Rhizobium @ 25 g kg-1 green gram seed exhibited the lowest M. incognita population 200 cc soil-1 (153.33 J2), number of galls plant-1 (7.0), number of eggmass plant-1 (2.0) and root knot index (2.0) reflecting enhancement of plant growth parameters, number of pods (206.67%), number of nodules (691.17%) over untreated check. This integrated management module also recorded maximum increase in the availability of NPK content in soil and chlorophyll content as compared to other treatments.

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Screening of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars against southern root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 579-584

Author(s):

Ifra Siddique ◽

Ishrat Naz ◽

Raja Asad Ali Khan ◽

Musharaf Ahmed ◽

Syeda Maryam Hussain

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

High Population Density ◽

In Planta ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Significant Mortality

Fourteen cultivars of cucumber were screened for their resistance to the Southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in an in planta experiment. The pots were maintained in greenhouse with CRD for 50 days after inoculation. The cultivar DS92-05 induced significant mortality and was rated “moderately resistant (MR)”. This cultivar showed increase in plant growth parameters including vine length. The cultivars DS92-06, Laghman, Sultan and Desitype were moderately susceptible (MS). The cultivar Rehan and DS96-299 were rated susceptible (S) whereas DS97-299, Chaiya, Beitalpha, Alto, DS92-04 and Local were rated as highly susceptible (HS). DS92-05 is thus promising for sustainable agriculture, specially in those areas with high population density of Southern Root knot nematode.

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Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d220315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Syamsia Syamsia ◽

ABUBAKAR IDHAN ◽

AMANDA PATAPPARI FIRMANSYAH ◽

NOERFITRYANI NOERFITRYANI ◽

IRADHATULLAH RAHIM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing

Abstract. Syamsia S, Idhan A, Firmansyah AP, Noerfitryani N, Rahim I, Kesaulya H, Armus R. 2021. Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Biodiversitas 22: 1194-1202. Endophytic fungi are known to stimulate plant growth by producing secondary metabolites, including phytohormones (IAA and Gibberellins), siderophore, phosphate-solubilizing metabolites. In this study, a total of six endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from local rice plants and showed different abilities in producing secondary metabolites, during single isolates testing. These six isolates were then combined to obtain 15 combinations for analysis, to determine the best combination for application as a plant growth promoter. Subsequently, each combination was tested for phytohormones (IAA, gibberellins) and siderophore (quantitatively)-producing activity, phosphate-solubilizing ability, and the effect on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) plant growth. F13 showed activity in producing IAA and produced the highest gibberellin levels, while F1 exhibited the highest phosphate-solubilizing activity. In addition, F11 (Na-salicylate) and F1 (catechol) showed the highest siderophore activity, while a combination of F6, F8, F9, and F12 successfully increased plant height growth. Also, F4 increased the root growth, while the fresh weight of cucumber was increased by F8 treatment, under controlled conditions. Molecular analysis showed the tested isolates have close similarity to Daldinia eschscholtzii, Sarocladium oryzae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Penicillium allahabadense, and Aspergillus foetidus. The combination of endophyte fungal isolates showed potential as plant growth promoters, however, further testing on several plant types is required before the combination is to be widely applied.

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Estimation of avoidable losses caused by Meloidogyne incognita infecting cucumber in poly-house

Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology ◽

10.11594/jaab.02.01.05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 35-40

Author(s):

Shakti Singh Bhati ◽

B. L. Baheti

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Daily Diet ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Present Trial

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a high nutritious and mineral-rich vegetable, which occupies a prominent place as a salad and vegeta-ble. It is being used in many ways in the daily diet of humans and widely cultivated worldwide. The decrease of agricultural land, ad-verse environmental conditions and continuous increase of popula-tion, the demand of nutritious food is a matter of great concern to the world. Protected cultivation is a very effective tool to solve this problem because in this cultivation the productivity of crops is very high as compared to open field conditions. High value crops suc-cessfully grown in protected cultivation, specially vegetables (cu-cumber, tomato, Capsicum etc.) which are highly susceptible to the numerous pests and pathogens, including phyto-parasitic nema-todes (specially root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp.). With this view, present trial was taken to estimate the avoidable losses caused by Meloidogyne incognita infecting cucumber in poly-house situated on farmer’s field with the application of phorate at 2 kg a.i. ha-1 over check. Results exhibited that application of chemical treatment significantly reduced number of galls per 5 g roots, egg masses per 5 g roots, eggs & juveniles per egg mass and final nema-tode population 79.03, 81.10, 30.91 and 56.54%, respectively. Avoidable yield losses were recorded to the tune of 66.84% on cu-cumber by M. incognita in poly-house.

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