17-KETOSTEROID FRACTIONATION STUDIES BY A MICRO-CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE IN ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HELEN POND
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adsorption Chromatography ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Importance

SUMMARY Urinary 17-ketosteroids have been fractionated by adsorption chromatography on alumina into eight fractions, the main constituents of which are described. The patterns of 17-ketosteroid excretion in patients with various forms of endocrine disorder have been compared with those from normal subjects. The value of this investigation in clinical medicine is discussed. Although not of diagnostic importance, it is of use in the assessment of two aspects of adrenocortical activity, the excretion of the β-hydroxy-17-ketosteroids and the 11-oxy-17-ketosteroids.

THE URINARY EXCRETION OF 3α,17α,21-TRIHYDROXY-5β-PREGNAN-20-ONE (TETRAHYDRO S) FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF CORTICOTROPHIN AND METOPIRONE (CIBA SU 4885)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Norman
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Adrenogenital Syndrome ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements

ABSTRACT The results of simultaneous measurements of urinary 17-ketogenic steroids and 3α,17α,21-trihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one (tetrahydro S) are reported from patients without any endocrine disorders following administration for 3 days of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (15 patients) and oral administration of Metopirone (9 patients). The data obtained are compared with similar determinations performed in 2 patients with Cushing's syndrome, 1 patient with adrenogenital syndrome, 4 patients with hirsutism, 6 patients with suspected pituitary failure and 2 patients with absence of pituitary function. In the patients with no endocrine disorder, tetrahydro S increases fourfold on ACTH stimulation, and almost 60 times following Metopirone administration. The very magnitude of the relative increase in tetrahydro S excretion in normal subjects given Metopirone allows a better gradation of subnormal responses of pituitary ACTH than can be obtained when the effect of the test is judged by the excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids alone. Examples illustrating this are presented in the paper.

The Symptoms of Depression in Endocrine Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton Hutto
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

AbstractMany endocrine disorders present with symptoms of depression, thus differentiating primary depressive disorders from such endocrine conditions can be challenging. Awareness of the typical clinical picture of endocrine disorders is of primary importance. This article discusses a variety of common and uncommon endocrine disorders and the symptomatology that might suggest a depressive illness, and reviews literature on how endocrinopathies can mimic depression. Emphasis is also placed on the role that stress can play in the pathogenesis of endocrine disorders. Psychiatrists should be familiar with the range of presenting symptoms for endocrine disorders, and they should not rely on the presence or absence of stressors to guide their differential diagnosis between depression and endocrine disorder.

Hypothyroidism among females and differences in their dietary patterns and urinary iodine concentrations compared to normal subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Budhalakoti ◽  
Kalpana Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference

Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine disorders in India. Hypothyroidism is a very common condition. The condition is more common in women than in men, and its incidence increases with age. For the present study 150 females of 21 to 50 years of age were selected via random sampling from Pantnagar area of Udham Singh Nagar District, Uttarakhand and were interviewed using a predesigned proforma. The subjects mainly belonged to middle and upper income groups. Among 150 subjects, 30 were found to be suffering from hypothyroidism of which six were the newly diagnosed cases who had not started medications. Subjects were assessed for their dietary intakes and differences in the food habits based on food avoidance, food preferences, dietary habits and dietary diversity scores. Based on the analysis of the dietary intakes of normal (n=120) and hypothyroid (n=30) subjects not much difference was found, as was also evident from the dietary diversity scores (where non-significant difference was observed) except for in case of some dietary habits which showed significant differences. The mean dietary diversity scores of hypothyroid and normal subjects were 5.8±0.88 and 6.0±0.90 respectively. Urine samples were also collected for the measurement of urinary iodine concentration of only 30 subjects which included six of the newly detected hypothyroid cases not on medication and the remaining 24 normal subjects. Only 2 hypothyroid subjects and 3 normal subjects were found to be suffering from mild iodine deficiency with values of urinary iodine ranging from 76.5 to 94.6µg/l. Median urine iodine excretion in the present study was 172 µg/l (mean 186.5±58.4 µg/l) indicating iodine sufficiency.

THE EFFECTS OF ACTH AND HCG ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TESTOSTERONE IN MALE PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tamm ◽  
M. Apostolakis ◽  
K. D. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism

ABSTRACT The effects of HCG and/or ACTH administration have been investigated in 2 normal subjects and in 12 male patients suffering from various endocrinopathies. It was found that: In normal adult males 3000 IU HCG given daily over three days appear to be sufficient to obtain a significant increase in urinary testosterone excretion. The degree of the increase appears to be dependent on the age of the patient. Prolonged HCG administration in secondary hypogonadism can lead to significant sustained increases of testosterone and epitestosterone excretions. Endogenous HCG of the type produced by chorionepitheliomas does not necessarily have an effect on testosterone and epitestosterone production in male patients. HCG stimulates the testosterone and epitestosterone secretion of the testes only; it thus has no effect on orchiectomized patients. Exogenous ACTH increases the testosterone and epitestosterone production of the adrenal cortex, the latter apparently more than the former; the testosterone/epitestosterone quotient in the urine falls. In orchiectomized patients ACTH administration leads to an increase of oestrogen production from the adrenal cortex and of oestriol excretion in the urine.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Early Endocrine Disorders in Childhood Brain Tumor Survivors: A Nationwide, Multicenter Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (36) ◽  
pp. 4362-4370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Clement ◽  
Antoinette Y.N. Schouten-van Meeteren ◽  
Annemieke M. Boot ◽  
Hedy L. Claahsen-van der Grinten ◽  
Bernd Granzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumor ◽  
Endocrine Disorder

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of, and risk factors for, early endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumor survivors (CBTS). Patients and Methods This nationwide study cohort consisted of 718 CBTS who were diagnosed between 2002 and 2012, and who survived ≥ 2 years after diagnosis. Patients with craniopharyngeoma or a pituitary gland tumor were excluded. Results of all endocrine investigations, which were performed at diagnosis and during follow-up, were collected from patient charts. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study associations between demographic and tumor- and treatment-related variables and the prevalence of early endocrine disorders. Results After a median follow-up of 6.6 years, 178 CBTS (24.8%) were diagnosed with an endocrine disorder. A total of 159 CBTS (22.1%) presented with at least one endocrine disorder within the first 5 years after diagnosis. The most common endocrine disorders were growth hormone deficiency (12.5%), precocious puberty (12.2%), thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency (9.2%), and thyroidal hypothyroidism (5.8%). The risk of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (n = 138) was associated with radiotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 15.74; 95% CI, 8.72 to 28.42), younger age at diagnosis (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.14), advanced follow-up time (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.18), hydrocephalus at diagnosis (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.88), and suprasellar (OR, 34.18; 95% CI, 14.74 to 79.29) and infratentorial (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.48 to 4.74) tumor site. Conclusion The prevalence of early endocrine disorders among CBTS is high. The observation that 22.1% of CBTS developed at least one endocrine disorder within the first 5 years after diagnosis stresses the importance of early and regular assessment of endocrine function in CBTS who are at risk for endocrine damage.

ABNORMAL URINARY ANDROSTERONE/ETIOCHOLANOLONE RATIO IN HYPOTHALAMIC DISTURBANCES IN MAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svend G. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Androgen Metabolism ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT The urinary androsterone/etiocholanolone (A/E) ratio was determined in 233 normal subjects. Compared with these, a group of 28 cases of adiposo-genital dystrophy (a.-g. d.) in boys and men showed a very considerable increase in the A/E ratio. It is shown by analyses in 23 cases of primary testicular failure and male castration and in 17 cases of exogenous obesity that this change in a.-g. d. is not secondary to the main symptoms, i. e. obesity and hypogonadism; neither can it be explained on a thyroid basis. Studies of 2362 fractionated 17-KS-determinations performed in all kinds of endocrine disorders showed that an elevated A/E ratio is found in certain conditions all of which are of hypothalamic origin. Furthermore it was found that an elevated A/E ratio was present in verified organic damage of the hypothalamus. In a number of a.-g. d. cases the A/E ratio was followed up to 10 years through the puberal age. Usually the ratio remained unaffected by the great puberal rise in the excretion of A and E. In contrast to the others some patients showed a fall in the ratio during puberty and these usually showed satisfactory gonadal development. Determination of the A/E ratio before and after the administration of a large dose of testosterone propionate was done in 23 cases of hypothalamic dysfunction and in 22 other cases. The abnormal A/E ratios in hypothalamic cases were reproduced during the metabolism of exogenous testosterone, which shows that the abnormal ratios originate from an abnormal androgen metabolism and not from abnormal hormone production. The findings indicate that there is, in man, a central regulation of androgen metabolism in which the hypothalamus is involved. The diagnostic, pathogenetic and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.

A MODIFIED METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS, PREGNANEDIOL AND PREGNANETRIOL BY GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND SUBJECTS WITH VARIOUS ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rivera ◽  
Ralph I. Dorfman ◽  
Enrico Forchielli
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Ethers ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Urinary Steroid

ABSTRACT A modified method using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) is described for the determination of androsterone*, aetiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol in the same urine aliquot. After sequential enzymatic hydrolysis and solvolysis, the urine extract is separated into 3 main fractions by silica gel column chromatography; one containing mainly the 17-ketosteroids, androsterone, aetiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone; a second containing pregnanediol and the third pregnanetriol. After formation of the trimethylsilyl ethers (TMSi), the respective fractions are subjected to gas-liquid chromatography for quantitation. Tritiated androsterone, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol are added prior to extraction of the urines to check for recoveries. The method is specific and reproductible and is sufficiently sensitive to permit determination of urinary steroid excretion levels as low as 0.025 mg/24 hours. Results obtained with this method in the study of normal males and females and various pathological conditions are presented.

scholarly journals Ntenga Syndrome: About an Observation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Current Clinical Practice ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
Set Up

Ntenga syndrome, is one of the highly epileptogenic, non-metabolic craniopathy whose aetiology is not yet known. This syndrome makes a differential diagnosis with that of Morgagni-Stewart-Morel which is rare and / or rarely mentioned in current clinical practice (entity made of frontal hyperostosis, neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders). We report here a 58 years old female patient from Lubumbashi/ Democratic republic of Congo, followed for several years for multiform seizures, in whom the explorations of a status epilepticus, made possible to set up a new syndromic entity, called Ntenga syndrome made of a symptomatic triad (persistent multiform epileptic seizures, absence of endocrine disorder, hyperostosis frontalis interna). To date, a therapeutic protocol made of valproic acid and levetiracetam has significantly reduced to one seizure per month or even every 2 months. I think it is not without interest to report a very rare and / or new entity in the clinic.

scholarly journals Endocrine Disorders Accompanying Obesity - Effect or Cause?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Kurylowicz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
Simple Obesity

Endocrine disorders including hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism are considered as causes of secondary obesity. However, several hormonal abnormalities can also be found in individuals with primary (simple) obesity. Part of them results from the adipose tissue dysfunction that, via secreted adipokines, modulates the function of endocrine organs and can be reversed with weight loss. However, part of them correspond to the real endocrine disorder and require appropriate treatment. Therefore in the management of obese patients, it is essential to distinguish between obesity-related abnormal results of hormonal tests and underlying endocrine disorder. This chapter presents pathophysiological concepts of obesity-related changes in the endocrine system and briefly reviews diagnostic algorithms helpful in distinguishing them from the co-existing endocrine disorders.

The endocrine system

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Endocrine Disorder ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Nursing Skills ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Cation System ◽  
The Uk

This chapter aims to explore the nursing skills required to care for the child and family with an underlying endocrine disorder both in a healthcare setting and in the community. This chapter will include an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system, related pharmacology and microbiology, and a detailed description of the main skills involved in caring for children with an endocrine disorder and their families. Endocrine disorders in childhood are generally of a chronic nature, therefore prompt, accurate treatment and management are essential to ensure normal development into fully functioning adulthood. Disorders of the endocrine system can manifest their effects immediately or in a more gradual manner over days to months. Endocrine disorders most commonly occur due to three main reasons: a disordered endocrine system, often as a result of a genetic abnormality; overproduction of a particular hormone; or underproduction of a particular hormone (Evans & Tippins, 2008). Type 1 diabetes mellitus accounts for approximately 50% of endocrine disorders in childhood with an incidence in children (0–14 years) of 13.5 per 100,000 in the UK (Raine et al., 2006). Although some general principles apply to the nursing care of children with an endocrine disorder, you will need to refer to local policy and be familiar with local protocols regarding the nursing management of these children and their families in the hospital and the community. It is anticipated that you will be able to do the following once you have read and studied this chapter: ● Understand the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system and how it affects many of our bodily functions. ● Understand the predominant pathological conditions related to the endocrine system. ● Understand the key nursing skills required to care for a child with an endocrine disorder and their family. The endocrine system is a chemical communi cation system that consists of hormone producing cells, hormones, and receptors (Glasper & Richardson, 2006). This system regulates and controls the body’s metabolic processes including energy production, growth, fluid and electrolyte balance, responses to stress, and sexual reproduction (Baxter et al., 2004).

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