THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL NUTRITION ON PLASMA HORMONE AND METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS OF FOETAL LAMBS

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BASSETT ◽  
DENISE MADILL
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Plasma Hormone ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Maternal Glucose

SUMMARY Merino ewes whose foetuses had surgically-implanted, indwelling vascular cannulae were used to determine the influence of maternal nutritional status on foetal plasma hormone levels during the last month of gestation. Observations were made during feeding of the ewes on a lucerne chaff diet ad libitum, during restricted feeding on the same diet and during fasting. Foetuses survived for an average of 31 days after the operation and seven out of the ten ewes lambed normally. In both ewes and foetuses, plasma concentrations of insulin were significantly higher 3–12 h after feeding than in prefeeding samples. Similar changes were seen with restricted and ad-libitum feeding. Fasting for 48 h caused significant decreases in insulin levels of both ewes and foetuses, but the decrease in foetal plasma insulin concentration was less than that in ewes. In agreement with earlier studies, foetal and maternal glucose concentrations were closely correlated and foetal fructose concentrations were closely related to foetal glucose concentrations. Foetal plasma insulin concentrations were closely correlated with glucose and fructose concentrations. Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels increased significantly in both ewes and foetuses during fasting. There were also significant increases during fasting in the plasma corticosteroid levels of the ewes, but not in those of their foetuses. Feeding did not cause significant changes in foetal plasma GH or corticosteroid concentrations although maternal GH concentrations were significantly increased and corticosteroid concentrations decreased 3–12 h after feeding on the restricted diet. The results suggest that alterations in foetal plasma hormone concentrations could play an important role in foetal adaptation to fluctuations in maternal nutrient supply during the last month of gestation.

The effect of restricted feeding on growth hormone (GH) secretory patterns in genetically lean and fat wether lambs

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Francis ◽  
R. P. Littlejohn ◽  
S. K. Stuart ◽  
B. A. Veenvliet ◽  
J. M. Suttie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe aim of this work was to determine whether developmental changes in growth hormone (GH) secretory patterns and carcass composition were influenced by nutrition and genotype in sheep. Four-month-old wether lambs from lean (low backfat), fat (high backfat) and control selection lines were nutritionally restricted to maintain a 28 kg live weight or given food ad libitum for 24 weeks. Plasma concentrations of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured at predetermined times and carcass composition of the animals determined at the end of the trial.From week 3 on, restrictions in dry matter (DM) intake were observed as the ad libitum treatment group had a significantly greater intake than the restricted treatment group (7·70 v. 5·80 kg DM per week, s.e.d. = 0·81). Differences in live weight between the feeding treatments were significant (P < 0·05) at week 9. The restricted feeding regime was associated with significant reductions in plasma levels of IGF-1 but had no effect (P > 0·05) on carcass weight-adjusted carcass fat proportion at the close of the trial. The effect of food restriction on GH secretory patterns was variable. Although there was initially a suppression in mean plasma GH, there was subsequently significantly higher mean plasma GH in the restricted feeding treatment. Periodogram analysis indicated that both the absolute levels of GH and the GH secretory pattern were altered by restricted feeding. In all animals, mean and basal GH concentrations, as well as the frequency and amplitude of pulses, declined from February to March and then increased from May to July (P < 0·001).DM intake and live weight did not differ (P > 0·05) between genotypes, however the fat genotype had greater carcass fatness than lean or control genotypes (P < 0·01). There were no consistent differences between genotypes in plasma IGF-1 concentrations. In the ad libitum treatment, the lean and control genotypes had higher plasma GH levels than the f at genotype but the pattern of GH release did not vary. Under restricted feeding, both the pattern and the level of plasma GH varied between genotypes.It is concluded that the developmental change in GH secretory patterns is affected by nutrition but not in a consistent manner. Although restricted feeding resulted in higher mean plasma GH concentrations later in the trial, this did not result in a change in carcass composition. The biological cues which lead to increased fat deposition in older lambs need further study but plasma GH levels may not he an important mechanism in this process.

scholarly journals Glucose–insulin relationships and thyroid status of cockerels selected for high or low residual food consumption

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Gabarrou ◽  
Pierre Andre Geraert ◽  
John Williams ◽  
Laurent Ruffier ◽  
Nicole Rideau
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

The plasma glucose–insulin relationships and thyroid status were investigated in two lines of adult cockerels divergently selected for high (R+) or low (R-) residual food consumption (RFC). For a given body weight, R+ birds had a 74 % higher food intake than R- birds. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the R+ line compared with the R- when fasted, whereas R+ birds exhibited a significantly lower plasma insulin concentration than R- birds either in fed or fasted state. After an overnight fast, R+ birds also exhibited a higher sensitivity to exogenous insulin in view of its more pronounced hypoglycaemic effect. After an oral glucose load, the glucose disposal of R+ cockerels was faster despite lower glucose-induced plasma insulin concentration. Whilst plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were lower in the R+ line when fed, plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were higher in fasted R+ than R- cockerels (684v.522 μmol/l). Higher plasma triiodothyronine concentrations were observed in fed R+ compared with R- birds (3·0v.2·1 nmol/l respectively). The higher plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine associated with lower concentrations of insulin could account for the leanness and the elevated diet-induced thermogenesis previously observed in the R+ line.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAMB BIRTH WEIGHTS AND FETAL PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE AND INSULIN CONCENTRATIONS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1001
Author(s):  
G. J. MEARS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Ovine Fetal

Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin were monitored in 11 chronically cannulated ovine fetuses and their mothers during the last month of gestation to obtain information on the role that these hormones have in determining fetal growth rate. Maternal plasma GH and insulin concentrations were independent of stage of gestation and lamb birth weights. Fetal plasma insulin concentrations were episodic in nature, independent of stage of gestation, and tended to be higher in fetuses that were heavier at birth. Fetal plasma GH concentrations were only slightly episodic in nature, were tenfold higher than maternal levels at 116–124 d gestation and increased by approximately another 25% prior to parturition. Fetal plasma GH concentrations were negtively correlated with lamb birth weights. In twin preparations, fetal plasma GH concentrations were significantly lower in the twin that was heaviest at birth. The lower GH concentrations found in faster growing fetuses are suggestive of a more rapid metabolic clearance of GH by the tissues of these animals. The results indicate that circulating fetal GH and, possibly, insulin are involved in determining the rate of ovine-fetal growth. Key words: Ovine birth weights, fetal GH, fetal insulin, fetal growth

Influence of nutritional status on growth hormone-dependent circulating somatomedin-C activity in mature sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Wynn ◽  
M. C. Stuart ◽  
A. L. C. Wallace ◽  
A. C. Kirby ◽  
E. F. Annison
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Somatomedin C ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Circulating Levels

ABSTRACT The effect of daily administration of ovine GH for a period of 4 weeks on somatomedin-C biological activity in plasma was investigated in mature Merino sheep fed a maintenance energy intake (low plane; LP) or 1·6 times this amount (high plane; HP). The GH treatment resulted in a significant (P < 0·05) increase in plasma GH levels in blood samples collected 23·5 h after each daily injection in both LP and HP groups. Plasma concentrations of somatomedin-C activity and insulin were significantly stimulated to a maximum level by the third GH injection and remained at this level for 7 days. Subsequently, circulating levels of both hormones fell to 40–50% of the peak response to GH and returned to basal levels within 48 h of the cessation of GH injections. In the HP group the response of plasma insulin and somatomedin-C activity to GH injection was greater than in the LP group. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 130, 313–320

scholarly journals Orally administered, insulin-loaded amidated pectin hydrogel beads sustain plasma concentrations of insulin in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
CT Musabayane ◽  
O Munjeri ◽  
P Bwititi ◽  
EE Osim
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Hydrogel Beads ◽  
Concomitant Reduction

We report successful oral administration of insulin entrapped in amidated pectin hydrogel beads in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats, with a concomitant reduction in plasma glucose concentration. The pectin-insulin (PI) beads were prepared by the gelation of humilin-pectin solutions in the presence of calcium. Separate groups of STZ-diabetic rats were orally administered two PI beads (30 micrograms insulin) once or twice daily or three beads (46 micrograms) once daily for 2 weeks. Control non-diabetic and STZ-diabetic rats were orally administered pectin hydrogel drug-free beads. By comparison with control non-diabetic rats, untreated STZ-diabetic rats exhibited significantly low plasma insulin concentration (0.32+/-0. 03 ng/ml, n=6, compared with 2.60+/-0.44 ng/ml in controls, n=6) and increased plasma glucose concentrations (25.84+/-1.44 mmol/l compared with 10.72+/- 0.52 mmol/l in controls). Administration of two PI beads twice daily (60 micrograms active insulin) or three beads (46 micrograms) once a day to STZ-diabetic rats increased plasma insulin concentrations (0.89+/-0.09 ng/ml and 1.85+/- 0.26 ng/ml, respectively), with a concomitant reduction in plasma glucose concentration (15.45+/-1.63 mmol/l and 10.56+/-0.26 mmol/l, respectively). However, a single dose of PI beads (30 micrograms) did not affect plasma insulin concentrations, although plasma glucose concentrations (17.82+/-2.98 mmol/l) were significantly reduced compared with those in untreated STZ-diabetic rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters in STZ-diabetic rats show that the orally administered PI beads (30 micrograms insulin) were more effective in sustaining plasma insulin concentrations than was s.c. insulin (30 micrograms). The data from this study suggest that this insulin-loaded amidated pectin hydrogel bead formulation not only produces sustained release of insulin, but may also reduce plasma glucose concentration in diabetes mellitus.

Effects of prior exercise on the thermic effect of glucose and fructose

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1463-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Balon ◽  
G. J. Welk
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Thermic Effect

It has been previously observed that the thermic effect of a glucose load is potentiated by prior exercise. To determine whether this phenomenon is observed when different carbohydrates are used and to ascertain the role of insulin, the thermic effects of fructose and glucose were compared during control (rest) and postexercise trials. Six male subjects ingested 100 g fructose or glucose at rest or after recovery from 45 min of treadmill exercise at 70% of maximal O2 consumption. Measurements of O2 consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glycerol, and lactate were measured for 3 h postingestion. Although glucose and fructose increased net energy expenditure by 44 and 51 kcal, respectively, over baseline during control trials, exercise increased the thermic effect of both carbohydrate challenges an additional 20-25 kcal (P less than 0.05). Glucose ingestion was associated with large (P less than 0.05) increases in plasma insulin concentration during control and exercise trials, in contrast to fructose ingestion. Because fructose, which is primarily metabolized by liver, and glucose elicited a similar postexercise potentiation of thermogenesis, the results indicate that the thermogenic phenomenon is not limited to skeletal muscle. These results also demonstrate that carbohydrate-induced postexercise thermogenesis is not related to an incremental increase in plasma insulin concentration.

Suboptimal maternal nutrition during early-to-mid gestation in the sheep enhances pericardial adiposity in the near-term fetus

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Ojha ◽  
Michael E. Symonds ◽  
Helen Budge
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Insulin Receptor Gene ◽  
Pericardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Manipulation of the maternal diet at defined stages of gestation influences long-term health by inducing changes in fetal adipose tissue development, characterised as possessing brown and white adipocytes. We determined whether suboptimal maternal nutrition in early-to-mid gestation, followed by ad libitum feeding until term, increases adiposity in the pericardial depot of the sheep fetus. Pericardial adipose tissue was sampled from near-term (140 days) fetuses delivered to mothers fed either 100% (C) or 60% (i.e. nutrient restricted (NR)) of their total metabolisable requirements from 28 to 80 days gestation and then fed ad libitum. Adipose tissue mass, uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 and gene expression of brown and white adipogenic genes was measured. Total visceral and pericardial adiposity was increased in offspring born to NR mothers. The abundance of UCP1 was increased, together with those genes involved in brown (e.g. BMP7 and C/EBPβ) and white (e.g. BMP4 and C/EBPα) adipogenesis, whereas insulin receptor gene expression was downregulated. In conclusion, suboptimal maternal nutrition between early-to-mid gestation followed by ad libitum feeding enhances pericardial adiposity near to term. A combination of raised UCP1 and adipose tissue mass could improve survival following cold exposure at birth. In the longer term, this enhanced adipogenic potential could predispose to greater pericardial adiposity.

Ontogeny and secretory patterns of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in meat-type chickens

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Johnson ◽  
J. P. McMurtry ◽  
F. J. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Secretory Pattern ◽  
Meat Type

ABSTRACT The ontogeny and secretory pattern of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in relation to GH secretion were studied in meat-type (broiler) poultry during prepubertal and post-pubertal growth. Male and female broiler chickens of two commercial strains (strains A and B) were reared from 1 to 198 days of age. From 1 to 49 days of age birds were reared in raised-wire cages and thereafter in deep-litter pens, with food available ad libitum. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals during growth, and at 29 and 43 days of age representative birds were cannulated and serial blood samples taken at 10-min intervals for 5 to 7 h. Plasma concentrations of GH and IGF-I were measured by radioimmunoassay. Birds of strain A were heavier (P<0·05) than those of strain B from 12 to 35 days of age. In general, male birds were heavier (P<0·01) than females from 12 to 35 days of age. Plasma GH concentrations were significantly higher (P<0·05) from 12 to 35 days of age, while plasma IGF-I concentrations were lower (P<0·05) from 6 to 21 days of age in male compared with female birds. Plasma IGF-I concentration increased with age, reaching a plateau at 28 days of age, while plasma GH concentration declined over the same period. Plasma IGF-I concentrations declined in a linear manner from 49 to 198 days of age, and there was no evidence of a pubertal increase. There were no differences between strains in the plasma concentrations of GH or IGF-I. Serial blood sampling at 29 and 43 days of age showed that there was no relationship between GH and IGF-I, despite a highly pulsatile GH secretory pattern which existed at 29 days of age. These results show that as the plasma concentration of GH declines that of IGF-I increases. Plasma concentration of both GH and IGF-I in broiler chickens was sexually dimorphic, especially during the early growth phase to about 35 days of age. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 124, 81–87

scholarly journals Plasma Insulin Concentrations During Infusion of Potassium and Sodium Chloride Solutions Into Conscious Splenectomized Sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
AM Beal
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Consistent Change

Haematocrit values, plasma osmolality and the plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride and insulin were measured in carotid arterial blood before, during and after intravenous infusion of NaCI (0� 5 moll-i) and KCI (0� 5 moll-i) at 2 ml min~l for 105 min into six conscious splenectomized sheep. Hypertonic NaCI infusion was associated with a fall in haematocrit of 1 �30 � 0�10 % (P < 0�001) and no consistent change in plasma insulin concentration occurred during this infusion. Hypertonic KCI infusion caused the haematocrit to increase by 1�70 � 0�39 % (P < 0�001) and the plasma insulin concentration to increase by 60�0� 16�3 jlU ml-1 (P < 0�01). It was concluded that this increase in insulin concentration was caused by elevation of the plasma potassium concentration and was not due to coincident increases in plasma chloride concentration or osmolality. Shrinkage of the extracellular fluid volume during KCI infusion made no major contribution to the increase in insulin concentration which was probably the result of increased release from the pancreas. [Other keywords: hyperkalaemia, hypernatraemia.j

The effect of previous body condition on appetite and associated insulin profiles in sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sibbald ◽  
S. M. Rhind
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe effect of previous level of body condition on appetite was studied in 47 housed Scottish Blackface ewes, which had been either thin (L: mean condition score 2·15, s.e. 0·030; no. = 24) or fat (H: mean condition score 3·15, s.e. 0·056; no. = 23) 8 weeks before the start of the experiment. The mean daily voluntary food intake (VFI) of a dried grass pellet diet was higher for the L than for the H ewes (2176 v. 1727 g dry matter per day; P < 0·001) during the first 6 weeks of the experiment (period 1). Over this time, live weights increased from 60·5 or 69·9 (s.e.d. 1·68) to 68·4 or 75·6 (s.e.d. 1·94) and condition scores increased from 2·84 or 3·16 (s.e.d. 0·057) to 3·13 or 3·38 (s.e.d. 0·071) for the L and H ewes respectively.At the end of the 6-week period, plasma insulin concentrations were measured in 10 ewes from each treatment (mean condition scores 3·15 (L) and 3·27 (H) (s.e.d. 0·091)) when fed both ad libitum and at a fixed level of 1200 g/day for consecutive 11-day periods (period 2). Mean VFI was higher for the L than for the H ewes (2191 v. 1661 g dry matter per day; P < 0·05) over the period of ad libitum feeding. There was no effect of feeding level (ad libitum v. 1200 g/day) on mean plasma insulin concentrations, but the mean basal plasma insulin concentration was higher in the H than in the L ewes (43·0 v. 29·0 mil per 1; P < 0·05). Fifteen minutes after the ingestion of a single 400 g meal, the plasma insulin concentration in the H ewes was higher than the mean prefeeding value (63·3 v. 41·7 mil per I; P<0·05) but there was no corresponding increase in the L ewes. The plasma insulin concentration 15 min after the intravenous administration of a single dose of 0·25 U per kg live weight of insulin ivas higher in the H than in the L ewes (1723 v. 1031 mil per 1; P < 0·01) but there were no differences between treatments in plasma glucose concentrations following insulin administration.It was concluded that previous body condition can affect contemporary VFI and this effect may be mediated by plasma insulin concentrations providing a long-term feedback signal to the brain. Keywords: body condition, food intake, insulin, sheep.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document