scholarly journals Influence of genotype on the differential ontogeny of uncoupling protein 2 and 3 in subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscle in neonatal pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mostyn ◽  
J C Litten ◽  
K S Perkins ◽  
M C Alves-Guerra ◽  
C Pecqueur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Ucp2 Mrna

The present study aimed to determine whether porcine genotype and/or postnatal age influenced mRNA abundance or protein expression of uncoupling protein (UCP)2 or 3 in subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM) and the extent to which these differences are associated with breed-specific discordance in endocrine and metabolic profiles. Piglets from commercial and Meishan litters were ranked according to birth weight. Tissue samples were obtained from the three median piglets from each litter on either day 0, 4, 7, 14 or 21 of neonatal life. UCP2 protein abundance in AT was similar between genotypes on the first day of life, but it was elevated at all subsequent postnatal ages (P<0.05) in AT of Meishan piglets. In contrast, UCP2 mRNA abundance was lower in Meishans up to 14 days of age. UCP2 mRNA expression was not correlated with protein abundance in either breed at any age. UCP3 mRNA in AT was similar between breeds up to day 7; thereafter, expression was higher (general linear model, P<0.05) in Meishan piglets. Conversely, UCP3 mRNA expression in SM was higher in commercial piglets after day 7. Colonic temperature remained lower in Meishan than commercial piglets throughout the study; this was most obvious in the immediate post-partum period when Meishan piglets had lower (P<0.05) plasma triiodothyronine. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that porcine genotype influences the expression and abundance of UCP2 and 3, an influence which may, in part, be due to the distinctive endocrine profiles associated with each genotype.

scholarly journals Nano Chromium Picolinate Improves Gene Expression Associated with Insulin Signaling in Porcine Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Alex T. Hung ◽  
Brian J. Leury ◽  
Matthew A. Sabin ◽  
Fahri Fahri ◽  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of dietary nano chromium picolinate (nCrPic) and dietary fat on genes involved in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs. Forty-eight gilts were stratified on body weight into four blocks of four pens of three pigs and then within each block each pen was randomly allocated to four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The respective factors were dietary fat (22 or 57 g/kg) and dietary nCrPic (0 or 400 ppb nCrPic) fed for six weeks. Skeletal muscle samples were collected from the Longissimus thoracis and subcutaneous adipose tissue collected from above this muscle. Dietary nCrPic increased adiponectin, uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT) mRNA expression, whereas dietary fat decreased adiponectin and increased leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) mRNA expression in adipose tissue. In skeletal muscle, dietary nCrPic increased phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), AKT, UCP3 and interleukin-15 (IL-15), as well as decreased suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA expression. The improvement in insulin signaling and muscle mass and the reduction in carcass fatness by dietary nCrPic may be via decreased SOCS3 and increased UCP3 and IL-15 in skeletal muscle and increased adiponectin in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Bovine tissue mRNA abundance related to acute cold exposure and acute feeding restriction

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Murdoch ◽  
W. T. Dixon ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
R. J. Christopherson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Mesenteric Adipose Tissue ◽  
Npy Receptor ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Thirty-six steers were used to determine the effects of acute cold (-20°C) and acute feed restriction (0.4× maintenance) on mRNA abundance of five candidate genes. To investigate adaptational physiology in cattle we evaluated gene expression patterns for uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP-3), leptin, leptin receptor and neuropeptide Y receptor (NPY receptor) in specific tissues. We measured relative mRNA abundance using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on mRNA extracted from duodenum, iver, skeletal muscle, mesenteric adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and peri-renal adipose tissue. We obtained carcass grades for comparison to mRNA abundance profiles. Leptin receptor mRNA abundance was increased by acute feed restriction in the liver (P = 0.02) and trended to increase in the duodenum (P = 0.06) of acute feed-restricted steers. NPY receptor RNA abundance decreased (P = 0.02) in the liver of feed-restricted steers, and acute cold-stress-treated steers (P = 0.03), but increased (P = 0.03) in mesenteric adipose tissue of acute-cold-treated steers. Leptin mRNA abundance was decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P = 0.04) by acute cold, but trended to increase in the peri-renal adipose tissue (P = 0.09). UCP-3 mRNA abundance was not significantly altered by our acute treatments. UCP-2 mRNA abundance increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue of both acute cold (P = 0.004) and acute feed-restricted steers (P = 0.03) and in biceps femoris, after acute cold (P = 0.003) and acute feed restriction (P = 0.002). There was an inverse relationship between the leptin mRNA abundance in subcutaneous adipose and the carcass grade, where the AAA , AA and A grade carcasses had mean values of 501.6 ± 30.0, 535.5 ± 14.0 and 653.4 ± 61.0. Our results show that tissue-specific mRNA abundance of these candidate genes may be altered by acute stressors, and that may relate to tissue-specific adaptational strategies in cattle. Furthermore, leptin mRNA abundance in subcutaneous adipose tissue may inversely reflect the maturity or finishing characteristics of beef cattle such that it is inversely related to the final carcass grade. Key words: Acute cold, acute feed restriction, UCP-2, UCP-3, leptin, leptin receptor, NPY receptor, cattle

scholarly journals Eicosapentaenoic Acid Increases Browning Markers in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Primary Adipocytes from Wild Type and UCP-1 Deficient Mice (P15-007-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasika Jayarathne ◽  
Mandana Pahlavani ◽  
Latha Ramalingam ◽  
Shane Scoggin ◽  
Naima Moustaid-Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Objectives Brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulates energy balance through thermogenesis, in part via uncoupling protein -1 (UCP-1). White adipose tissue (WAT), namely subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) can convert to a beige/brite adipose tissue phenotype (browning) under thermogenic conditions such as cold. We previously reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduced obesity and glucose intolerance, and increased UCP-1 in BAT of B6 mice at ambient temperature (22°C); and these effects were attenuated at thermoneutral environment (28–30°C). We hypothesized that EPA exerts anti-obesity effects on SAT, including increased browning, adipocyte hypotrophy; and these effects require UCP-1. Methods Six-week-old B6 wild type (WT) and UCP-1 knock-out (KO) male mice were maintained at thermoneutral environment and fed high fat diet (HF) with or without 36 g/kg of AlaskOmega EPA-enriched fish oil (800 mg/g) for 14 weeks; and SAT was collected for histological, gene and protein analyses. SAT was also prepared from chow diet-fed WT and KO mice at ambient environment to prepare stroma vascular cells, which were differentiated into adipocytes, treated with 100uM EPA for 48 hours then harvested for mRNA and protein analyses. Results KO mice fed HF diets had the highest body weight (P < 0.05) among all groups. EPA reduced fat cell size in both WT and KO mice fed the EPA diet. mRNA levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) were higher in SAT of WT mice fed EPA compared to WT mice fed HF (P < 0.05), with no differences between the KO genotype. KO mice fed HF diets had lower levels of UCP-3 in SAT compared to WT mice fed HF (P < 0.05), which was rescued only in the KO mice fed EPA (P < 0.05). UCP-1 protein levels were very low in SAT tissues, and UCP-2 mRNA levels were similar across all groups in SAT. Interestingly, EPA significantly (P < 0.05) increased mRNA expression of UCP-2, UCP-3 and FGF21 in differentiated SAT adipocytes from both WT and KO compared to control. Furthermore, UCP-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in WT adipocytes treated with EPA, compared to non-treated cells (P < 0.05). Additional mechanistic studies are currently underway to further dissect adipose depot differences in EPA effects in WT vs. KO mice. Conclusions Our data suggest that EPA increases SAT browning, independently of UCP-1. Funding Sources NIH/NCCIH.

scholarly journals Metformin increases the novel adipokine adipolin/CTRP12: role of the AMPK pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee K Tan ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Raghu Adya ◽  
Manjunath Ramanjaneya ◽  
Vanlata Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Tissue Explants ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Adipolin is a novel adipokine with anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering properties. Lower levels of adipolin are found in obese and diabetic mice. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a pro-inflammatory state associated with obesity and diabetes. To date, there are no human studies on adipolin. Therefore, we measured serum (ELISA) and adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression (RT-PCR) and protein concentrations (western blotting) in PCOS and control subjects. We also investigated the ex vivo effect of glucose and metformin on adipolin protein production in human subcutaneous adipose tissue explants. We report novel data that serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression and protein concentrations were significantly lower in women with PCOS compared with control subjects. Furthermore, Spearman's rank analysis showed that serum adipolin concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and glucose (P<0.05). However, when subjected to multiple regression analysis, none of these variables were predictive of serum adipolin concentrations (P>0.05). Also, subcutaneous adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression and protein concentrations were only significantly negatively correlated with glucose (P<0.05). No significant correlations were found with omental adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression and protein concentrations (P>0.05). Moreover, glucose profoundly reduced and metformin significantly increased adipolin protein production in human adipose tissue explants respectively. Importantly, metformin's effects appear to be via the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

Visfatin mRNA expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. E24-E31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lone Frydelund-Larsen ◽  
Thorbjorn Akerstrom ◽  
Søren Nielsen ◽  
Pernille Keller ◽  
Charlotte Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Visfatin [pre-β-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF)] is a novel adipokine that is produced by adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver and has insulin-mimetic actions. Regular exercise enhances insulin sensitivity. In the present study, we therefore examined visfatin mRNA expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from healthy young men at time points 0, 3, 4.5, 6, 9, and 24 h in relation to either 3 h of ergometer cycle exercise at 60% of V̇o2 max or rest. Adipose tissue visfatin mRNA expression increased threefold at the time points 3, 4.5, and 6 h in response to exercise ( n = 8) compared with preexercise samples and compared with the resting control group ( n = 7, P = 0.001). Visfatin mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was not influenced by exercise. The exercise-induced increase in adipose tissue visfatin was, however, not accompanied by elevated levels of plasma visfatin. Recombinant human IL-6 infusion to mimic the exercise-induced IL-6 response ( n = 6) had no effect on visfatin mRNA expression in adipose tissue compared with the effect of placebo infusion ( n = 6). The finding that exercise enhances subcutaneous adipose tissue visfatin mRNA expression suggests that visfatin has a local metabolic role in the recovery period following exercise.

Human subcutaneous adipose tissue Glut 4 mRNA expression in obesity and type 2 diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Kouidhi ◽  
Rym Berrhouma ◽  
Kamel Rouissi ◽  
Slim Jarboui ◽  
Marie-Stéphanie Clerget-Froidevaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGY OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
A.P. Stepanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Interscapular Region

The risk of developing metabolic complications in obesity depends on the topography of excess adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the main source of energy and also performs an endocrine function secreting substances that affect the sensitivity of tissues to insulin. The article describes the characteristics of histological preparations of adipose tissue samples taken from the omentum of middle-aged human cadavers with no confirmed diseases of the digestive system and of subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from interscapular region in the human dead foetuses. Microscopy of sections of adipose tissue from the omentum and subcutaneous adipose tissue from the interscapular region of the foetus revealed that it consisted of lobes and microvessels. Lobes of adipose tissue of a human large omentum consist of polygonal white adipocytes containing in their cytoplasm a nucleus displaced to the periphery and a fat drop. The subcutaneous adipose tissue taken from the interscapular region of the foetus consists of brown adipocytes with a nucleus located in the centre of the cytoplasm and surrounded by numerous fat droplets. Brown adipocytes when compared with white adipocyted are smaller and rounded in shape. Brown adipose tissue predominates in women than in men. Brown adipose tissue is not active all the time, but only at low ambient temperatures. In women, brown adipocytes are more saturated with mitochondria than in men. Adipose tissue of a human omentum can be a source of graft implant for restoring abdominal organ defects during extensive surgical operations.

scholarly journals Concentration of three branched-chain fatty acids in adipose tissue does not affect meat sensory traits in crossbred and purebred German "Merinolandschaf" lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Schiller ◽  
S. Preuss ◽  
S. Kaffarnik ◽  
W. Vetter ◽  
M. Rodehutscord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract. Intense sheep odour and flavour in lamb is often associated with lower consumer acceptance. Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are suggested as possible reasons. Therefore, muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples of 98 lamb chops were analysed for three BCFAs (4-methyloctanoic, 4-ethyloctanoic and 4-methylnonanoic fatty acid). Samples were derived from a previous study, in which lambs were raised and fattened under intensive conditions and tested for sensory quality. BCFA contents of fat extracts from muscle tissue were very low and quantification was not possible. In subcutaneous adipose tissue different concentrations of BCFA and differences between crosses were detected. The sex of lambs had a significant influence. The BCFA correlations were significant, while correlations between BCFA of adipose tissue and sensory traits were not significant. Therefore, it seems likely that BCFA concentrations were too low and/or other substances are involved in causing the lamb flavour detected through sensory analysis.

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