scholarly journals Gender differences in the response of CD-1 mouse bone to parathyroid hormone: potential role of IGF-I

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmei Wang ◽  
Takeshi Sakata ◽  
Hashem Z Elalieh ◽  
Scott J Munson ◽  
Andrew Burghardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Mineral Apposition Rate ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Igf I

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts both catabolic and anabolic actions on bone. Studies on the skeletal effects of PTH have seldom considered the effects of gender. Our study was designed to determine whether the response of mouse bone to PTH differed according to sex. As a first step, we analyzed gender differences with respect to bone mass and structural properties of 4 month old PTH treated (80 μg/kg per day for 2 weeks) male and female CD-1 mice. PTH significantly increased fat free weight/body weight, periosteal bone formation rate, mineral apposition rate, and endosteal single labeling surface, while significantly decreasing medullary area in male mice compared with vehicle treated controls, but induced no significant changes in female mice. We then analyzed the gender differences in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) isolated from 4 month old male and female CD-1 mice following treatment with PTH (80 μg/kg per day for 2 weeks). PTH significantly increased the osteogenic colony number and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (ALP/cell) by day 14 in cultures of BMSCs from male and female mice. PTH also increased the mRNA level of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in the bone tissue (marrow removed) of both females and males. However, PTH increased the mRNA levels of IGF-I and IGF-IR only in the bones of male mice. Our results indicate that on balance a 2-weeks course of PTH is anabolic on cortical bone in this mouse strain. These effects are more evident in the male mouse. These differences between male and female mice may reflect the greater response to PTH of IGF-I and IGF-IR gene expression in males enhancing the anabolic effect on cortical bone.

scholarly journals Adenine-induced chronic kidney disease induces a similar skeletal phenotype in male and female C57BL/6 mice with more severe deficits in cortical bone properties of male mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250438
Author(s):  
Corinne E. Metzger ◽  
Elizabeth A. Swallow ◽  
Alexander J. Stacy ◽  
Matthew R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
High Bone Turnover ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
High Bone

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes bone loss, particularly in cortical bone, through formation of cortical pores which lead to skeletal fragility. Animal models of CKD have shown variability in the skeletal response to CKD between males and females suggesting sex may play a role in this variation. Our aim was to compare the impact of adenine-induced CKD on cortical parameters in skeletally mature male and female C57Bl/6 mice. After 10-weeks of adenine-induced CKD, both male and female adenine mice had high serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), high bone turnover, and cortical porosity compared to non-CKD controls. Both sexes had lower cortical thickness, but only male mice had lower cortical bone area. CKD imparted greater deficits in mechanical properties of male mice compared to female mice. These data demonstrate that both male and female mice develop high PTH/high bone turnover in response to adenine-induced CKD and that cortical bone phenotypes are slightly more severe in males, particularly in mechanical properties deficits.

scholarly journals METABOLISM ANALYSIS IN MICE WITH REDUCED CITRATE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (105) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Andrej Fokin ◽  
Petras Minderis ◽  
Rasa Žūkienė ◽  
Aivaras Ratkevičius
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Metabolism Analysis

Background.  Citrate  synthase  (CS)  plays  an  important  role  in  the  regulation  of  carbohydrate  oxidation. Variation in citrate synthase activity has an influence on metabolic changes. We tested the hypothesis that reduced mitochondrial CS activity could affect energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) in mouse model with an emphasizing on gender differences between tested strains. Methods. 16-week of age wild-type C57Bl/6J (B6) mouse strain, B6.A-(rs3676616-D10Utsw1)/Kjn (B6.A) and C57BL/6J-Chr 10A/J/NaJ (B6.A10) strains with reduced CS activity were studied in physiocage by the “Panlab” metabolism analysing equipment. The following parameters were calculated: EE (ml/min/kg^0.75), RQ, physical activity and rearing. Results. In female mice EE values were lower in B6.A10 strain compared to wild-type B6 strain. RQ values were similar in all tested mouse strains. In B6 mice EE was higher in females compared to males. Rearing was elevated in females of B6 mice compared to males. Conclusions. EE was lower in B6.A10 compared to B6 mice. Gender differences were noticed only in B6 mice: EE and rearing were significantly higher in female compared to male mice. Current study did not reveal any other association between reduced CS activity and EE or RQ variation in male and female mice.

Abstract P141: Gender Differences in the Development of Severe Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Apolipoprotein E--Deficient Mice Are Eliminated with Increasing Age

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Partow-Navid ◽  
Soban Umar ◽  
Humann Matori ◽  
Andrea Iorga ◽  
Alan M Fogelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Deficient Mice

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a multifunctional protein and its deficiency leads to the development of atherosclerosis in mice. Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have reduced expression of ApoE in lung tissue. ApoE is known to inhibit endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation and has anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation properties. Young ApoE deficient mice have been shown to develop high fat diet-induced PH in a gender specific manner. Estrous cyclicity peaks at 7–8 months and declines by 9 months of age in mice. Here we investigated the effects of monocrotaline (MCT) on young and middle-aged ApoE deficient mice.Middle-Aged (MA) (11–12 month old) male (n=4) and female (n=4) and young (7–8 month old) male (n=5) and female (n=5) ApoE deficient mice were injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of MCT (60 mg/kg). Mice were closely monitored for ∼4 weeks with serial echocardiography for cardiopulmonary hemodynamic assessment. Direct cardiac catheterisation was performed terminally to record peak systolic right ventricular pressure (RVP). RV, LV, IVS and lung tissue was dissected and weighed. Trichrome staining and histochemical analyses were performed. At ∼4 weeks after MCT, MA male and female and young male mice developed severe PH (RVP: MA male=64±5 mmHg, MA female=71±4 mmHg, young male=60±5 mmHg, p=n.s between all the groups) whereas young females developed significantly less severe PH (RVP: 37±5 mmHg, P<0.05 vs. MA male and female, and young male). MA male and female and young male mice developed severe RV dysfunction (RV ejection fraction (RVEF): MA male=31±2%, MA female=28±4%, young male=36±1%, p=n.s between all the groups) whereas young females showed significantly better RV function (RVEF: 43±2%, P<0.05 vs. MA male and female, and young male). MA male and female mice also developed more severe RV hypertrophy (RV/LV+Septum, MA male=0.49, MA female=0.53, young female=0.39). MA male and female mice also manifested increased peripheral pulmonary artery muscularization and pulmonary fibrosis. Interestingly, the gender differences witnessed between young ApoE deficient male and female mice in the development of severe PH and RV dysfunction are abolished as the mice increase in age.

scholarly journals Gender-Dependent Role of Endogenous Somatostatin in Regulating Growth Hormone-Axis Function in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 5998-6006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul M. Luque ◽  
Rhonda D. Kineman
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Negative Feedback Regulation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Igf I

It has been previously reported that male and female somatostatin (SST) knockout mice (Sst−/−) release more GH, compared with Sst+/+ mice, due to enhanced GH-secretory vesicle release. Endogenous SST may also regulate GH secretion by directly inhibiting GHRH-stimulated GH gene expression and/or by modulating hypothalamic GHRH input. To begin to explore these possibilities and to learn more about the gender-dependent role of SST in modulating GH-axis function, hypothalamic, pituitary, and liver components of the GH-axis were compared in male and female Sst+/+ and Sst−/− mice. Pituitary mRNA levels for GH and receptors for GHRH and ghrelin were increased in female Sst−/− mice, compared with Sst+/+ controls, and these changes were reflected by an increase in circulating GH and IGF-I. Elevated levels of IGF-I in female Sst−/− mice were associated with elevated hepatic mRNA levels for IGF-I, as well as for GH and prolactin receptors. Consistent with the role of GH/IGF-I in negative feedback regulation of hypothalamic function, GHRH mRNA levels were reduced in female Sst−/− mice, whereas cortistatin (CST) mRNA levels were unaltered. In contrast to the widespread impact of SST loss on GH-axis function in females, only circulating GH, hypothalamic CST, and hepatic prolactin receptor expression were up-regulated in Sst−/− male mice, compared with Sst+/+ controls. These results confirm and extend the sexually dimorphic role of SST on GH-axis regulation, and suggest that CST, a neuropeptide that acts through SST receptors to inhibit GH secretion, may serve a compensatory role in maintaining GH-axis function in Sst−/− male mice.

scholarly journals NPY Deficiency Prevents Postmenopausal Adiposity by Augmenting Estradiol-Mediated Browning

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1049
Author(s):  
Seongjoon Park ◽  
Erkhembayar Nayantai ◽  
Toshimitsu Komatsu ◽  
Hiroko Hayashi ◽  
Ryoichi Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Intracellular Mechanism

Abstract The orexigenic hormone neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a pivotal role in the peripheral regulation of fat metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of sex on NPY function have not been extensively analyzed. In this study, we examined the effects of NPY deficiency on fat metabolism in male and female mice. Body weight was slightly decreased, whereas white adipose tissue (WAT) mass was significantly decreased as the thermogenic program was upregulated in NPY-/- female mice compared with that in wild-type mice; these factors were not altered in response to NPY deficiency in male mice. Moreover, lack of NPY resulted in an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) expression in the pituitary gland, with concomitant activation of the estradiol-mediated thermogenic program in inguinal WAT, and alleviated age-related modification of adiposity in female mice. Taken together, these data revealed a novel intracellular mechanism of NPY in the regulation of fat metabolism and highlighted the sexual dimorphism of NPY as a promising target for drug development to reduce postmenopausal adiposity.

scholarly journals Reevaluation of Hepatocellular Neoplasms in CD-1 Mice from a 2-year Oral Carcinogenicity Study with Permethrin

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Quist ◽  
Gary A. Boorman ◽  
John M. Cullen ◽  
Robert R. Maronpot ◽  
Amera K. Remick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Carcinogenicity Study ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
The Continuum

A 24-month oral carcinogenicity study of permethrin was conducted by feeding male and female CD-1 mice diets containing concentrations of 0, 20, 500, and 2,000 ppm of permethrin (males) or 0, 20, 2,500, and 5,000 ppm of permethrin (females). After approximately two years on study, surviving mice were sacrificed for the evaluation of chronic toxicity and/or carcinogenicity. An expert panel of pathologists was convened as a Pathology Working Group (PWG) to review coded liver histology sections from male and female mice and to classify all liver neoplasms according to current nomenclature and diagnostic criteria guidelines. The PWG results indicate that permethrin induced a significant dose-dependent increase in the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms in treated female mice ( p < .01) as well as a nonstatistically significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular tumors in treated male mice. Given the continuum of the diagnoses of adenoma and carcinoma, and the difficulty in distinguishing some of the lesions, it is appropriate to consider only the combined incidences of hepatocellular tumors (adenoma and/or carcinoma) for biological significance and risk assessment.

scholarly journals Ovarian hormones mediate the prophylactic efficacy of (R,S)-ketamine and (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in female mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Briana K. Chen ◽  
Christina T. LaGamma ◽  
Xiaoming Xu ◽  
Shi-Xian Deng ◽  
Rebecca A. Brachman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Contextual Fear Conditioning ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Prophylactic Efficacy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Learned Fear ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFemales are more likely than males to develop major depressive disorder (MDD) after exposure to stress. We previously reported that the administration of (R,S)-ketamine before stress can prevent stress-induced depressive-like behavior in male mice but have yet to assess efficacy in female mice or for other compounds, such as the metabolites of (R,S)-ketamine.METHODSWe administered (R,S)-ketamine or its metabolites (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine ((2R,6R)-HNK) and (2S,6S)-HNK at various doses 1 week before one of a number of stressors, including contextual fear conditioning (CFC), learned helplessness (LH), and chronic immobilization stress (CIS), in male and female 129S6/SvEv mice. To examine the interaction between ovarian hormones and stress resilience, female mice also underwent ovariectomy surgery (OVX) and a hormone replacement protocol prior to drug administration.RESULTS(R,S)-ketamine and (2S,6S)-HNK, but not (2R,6R)-HNK, attenuated learned fear in male mice. (R,S)-ketamine and (2R,6R)-HNK, but not (2S,6S)-HNK, significantly reduced stress-induced depressive-like behavior in male and female mice. (R,S)-ketamine and (2R,6R)-HNK) were prophylactically effective at a lower dose (10 mg/kg and 0.025 mg/kg, respectively) in female mice than in male mice (30 mg/kg and 0.075 mg/kg, respectively). Moreover, ovarian-derived hormones were necessary and sufficient for prophylaxis in female mice.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that prophylactics against stress-induced depressive-like behavior can be developed in a sex-specific manner and that ovarian hormones mediate prophylactic efficacy in females. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the prophylactic efficacy of the metabolites of (R,S)-ketamine in male and female mice.

scholarly journals Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure induces sex-dependent divergent changes in ethanol drinking and motor activity in adulthood in C57BL/6J mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoniette M. Maldonado-Devincci ◽  
Joseph G. Makdisi ◽  
Andrea M. Hill ◽  
Renee C. Waters ◽  
Nzia I. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Open Field Behavior ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Binge Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Binge Ethanol

AbstractWith alcohol readily accessible to adolescents, its consumption leads to many adverse effects, including impaired learning, attention, and behavior. Adolescents report higher rates of binge drinking compared to adults. Adolescents are also more prone to substance use disorder during adulthood due to physiological changes during the adolescent developmental period. We used C57BL/6J male and female mice to investigate the long-lasting impact of binge ethanol exposure during adolescence on voluntary ethanol intake and open field behavior during later adolescence and in young adulthood. The present set of experiments were divided into four stages: (1) chronic intermittent vapor inhalation exposure, (2) abstinence, (3) voluntary ethanol intake, and (4) open field behavioral testing. During adolescence, male and female mice were exposed to air or ethanol using an intermittent vapor inhalation with repeated binge pattern ethanol exposure from postnatal day (PND) 28–42. Following this, mice underwent abstinence during late adolescence from PND 43–49 (Experiment 1) or PND 43–69 (Experiment 2). Beginning on PND 49–76 (Experiment 1) or PND 70–97 (Experiment 2), mice were assessed for intermittent voluntary ethanol consumption using a two-bottle drinking procedure over 28 days. Male mice that were exposed to ethanol during adolescence showed increased ethanol consumption during later adolescence (Experiment 1) and in emerging adulthood (Experiment 2), while the female mice showed decreased ethanol consumption. These data demonstrate a sexually divergent shift in ethanol consumption following binge ethanol exposure during adolescence and differences in open field behavior. These data highlight sex-dependent vulnerability to developing substance use disorders in adulthood.Significance StatementCurrently, it is vital to determine the sex-dependent impact of binge alcohol exposure during adolescence, given that until recently females have largely been ignored. Here we show that adolescent male mice that are exposed to binge ethanol during adolescence show long-term changes in behavior in adulthood. In contrast, female mice show a transient decrease in ethanol consumption in adulthood and decreased motor activity spent in the center zone of the open field test. Male mice appear to be more susceptible to the long-term changes in ethanol consumption following binge ethanol exposure during adolescence.

scholarly journals Cytolethal Distending Toxin Is Essential for Helicobacter hepaticus Colonization in Outbred Swiss Webster Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 3559-3567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongming Ge ◽  
Yan Feng ◽  
Mark T. Whary ◽  
Prashant R. Nambiar ◽  
Shilu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Level ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Helicobacter Hepaticus ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Susceptible Mouse ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Helicobacter hepaticus, which induces chronic hepatitis and typhlocolitis in susceptible mouse strains, produces a cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) consisting of CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC. A cdtB-deficient H. hepaticus isogenic mutant (HhcdtBm7) was generated and characterized for colonization parameters in four intestinal regions (jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) of outbred Swiss Webster (SW) mice. Inactivation of the cdtB gene abolished the ability of HhcdtBm7 to colonize female mice at both 8 and 16 weeks postinfection (wpi), whereas HhcdtBm7 colonized all of four intestinal regions of three of five males at 8 wpi and then was eliminated by 16 wpi. Wild-type (WT) H. hepaticus was detected in the corresponding intestinal regions of both male and female mice at 8 and 16 wpi; however, colonization levels of WT H. hepaticus in the cecum and colon of male mice were approximately 1,000-fold higher than in females (P < 0.0079) at 16 wpi. Infection with WT H. hepaticus, but not HhcdtBm7, at 8 wpi was associated with significantly increased mRNA level of ileal and cecal gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in females (P < 0.016 and 0.031 between WT H. hepaticus-infected and sham-dosed females, respectively). In contrast, the mRNA levels of IFN-γ were significantly higher in the colon (P < 0.0079) and trended to be higher in the cecum (P < 0.15) in the HhcdtBm7-colonized male mice versus the sham-dosed controls at 8 wpi. In addition, mRNA levels of ileal IFN-γ were significantly higher in the control females than males at 8 wpi (P < 0.016). There were significantly higher Th1-associated immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a), Th2-associated IgG1 and mucosal IgA (P < 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, respectively) responses in the mice infected with WT H. hepaticus when compared to HhcdtBm7 at 16 wpi. Colonic interleukin-10 (IL-10) expressions at 16 wpi were significantly lower in both female and male mice colonized by WT H. hepaticus or in males transiently colonized through 8 wpi by HhcdtBm7 versus control mice (P < 0.0159). These lines of evidence indicate that (i) H. hepaticus CDT plays a crucial role in the persistent colonization of H. hepaticus in SW mice; (ii) SW female mice are more resistant to H. hepaticus colonization than male mice; (iii) there was persistent colonization of WT H. hepaticus in cecum, colon, and jejunum but only transient colonization of H. hepaticus in the ileum of female mice; (iv) H. hepaticus colonization was associated with down-regulation of colonic IL-10 production.

Certain aspects of the host-parasite relationship of Nematospiroides dubius (Baylis). I. Resistance of male and female mice to experimental infections

Parasitology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Length ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Relationship Of

1. It has been shown that there is a difference between the resistance of male and female mice to infection with Nematospiroides dubius.2. More parasites were harboured, during both the larval and adult parasitic phases, by male mice.3. These worms were found to occupy a similar relative length of the intestine between the stomach and the caecum in male and female mice infected for either 5 or 10 days.4. The relative length of the intestine infected on the fifth day was significantly greater than that infected on the tenth day.This investigation was carried out during the tenure of a Research Studentship from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. I should like to thank Professor I. Chester Jones, in whose department the work was done, for the facilities provided and Dr E. T. B. Francis for his helpful and critical supervision.

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