scholarly journals Decreased glomerulosclerosis in aging by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152
Author(s):  
L Ferder ◽  
F Inserra ◽  
L Romano ◽  
L Ercole ◽  
V Pszenny
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Mesangial Area ◽  
Group A ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

To evaluate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on renal aging, enalapril was administered in the drinking water to three groups of CF1 mice at doses of 20 mg/L (Group A), 10 mg/L (Group B), and 5 mg/L (Group C). These experimental groups were compared with 20 CF1 mice not receiving enalapril (Group D). At 2 yr, total body weight was 48.1 +/- 7.5 g in Group A, 47.7 +/- 7.1 g in Group B, 47.6 +/- 4.6 g in Group C, and 35.1 +/- 5.4 g in Group D. The ratio of kidney to total body weight, in percentages, was 1.8 +/- 0.3, 1.6 +/- 0.3, 1.9 +/- 0.2, and 1.5 +/- 0.1 in Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. Morphometric studies of the kidneys revealed the glomerular diameter to be 86.7 +/- 18.0 microns, 96.9 +/- 6.3 microns, 91.1 +/- 11.4 microns, and 106.8 +/- 9.3 microns in Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The number of glomeruli per square millimeter of renal cortex was 9.6 +/- 3.7, 12.3 +/- 2.7, 12.4 +/- 8.6, and 3.2 +/- 1.5 in Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The mesangial area per glomerulus, in percentages, was 11.6 +/- 4.8, 13.9 +/- 2.9, 14.2 +/- 3.1, and 20.6 +/- 1.9 in Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The percentage of glomeruli with sclerosis was 0.1 +/- 0.1, 0.3 +/- 0.1, 0.6 +/- 0.2, and 11.6 +/- 1.9 in Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on mitochondrial number in the aging mouse

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (1) ◽  
pp. C15-C18 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ferder ◽  
F. Inserra ◽  
L. Romano ◽  
L. Ercole ◽  
V. Pszenny
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aging Mechanisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Number ◽  
Group B ◽  
Kidney Liver

To investigate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on the cellular function and structure in a variety of organs during the aging process, one hundred CF1 mice were divided into four groups of 25 animals each. Groups A, B, and C received enalapril in drinking water from weaning until the age of 24 mo. Doses administered were (in mg/l): group A, 20; group B, 10; group C, 5. Group D is the control. Animals were killed, and morphometric studies were performed in heart, kidney, liver, and spleen. As a result, there was a decrease of renal and myocardial sclerosis and an increase in the number of mitochondria in heart and liver cells, which is associated with a significant increase in survival of animals receiving ACE inhibitors. These findings lead us to think that natural aging mechanisms have been altered in those animals.

scholarly journals Utilization Of Soymilk As Milk Replacer For Calves

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Masum ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
MAS Khan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group B

An experiment was conducted to study the utilization of soymilk as milk replacer for raising calves. Nine crossbred calves were selected and divided into three groups on the basis of their body weight and genotype. The calves of group A were reared by cow milk, group B reared by strained soymilk and group C reared by unstrained soymilk. It was found that, total body weight gain of group A, B and C were 13.933 ± 1.222, 13.800 ± 0.917 and 13.233 ± 1.537 Kg, respectively. There was no significant difference among the three groups of calves. Non-significant differences were also seen for increment in wither height (5.588 ± 0.508, 5.419 ± 0.529 and 5.080 ± 0.440 cm, respectively), length (6.096 ± 0.440, 5.927 ± 0.388 and 5.503 ± 0.388 cm, respectively) and heart-girth (5.842 ± 0.440, 5.588 ± 0.916 and 5.419 ± 0.388 cm, respectively) of calves. Economic analysis showed that soymilk was cheaper than cow milk (Tk. 8.0 vs Tk. 44.0). It can be concluded that soymilk as milk replacer could be used successfully for raising dairy calves. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v38i1-2.9918 BJAS 2009; 38(1-2): 102-107

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on the testis and blood testosterone level of adult Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme ◽  
Demian Nnabuihe Ezejindu ◽  
Darlington Cyprian Akukwu ◽  
Amadi Chibundu Chiekezie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group B ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Group D

Background: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).ound: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).

scholarly journals Effect of dietary concentrate level on body immune response in calves fed a wheat straw-based diet : short communication

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santra ◽  
N.N. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group B

Twenty 9-month-old crossbred calves were divided into 2 equal groups (A and B; n = 10). The feeding trial was conducted for 119 days to study the effect of concentrate supplementation on body immune response and blood metabolites in calves. The concentrate and roughage (wheat straw) ratio in the diet of Groups A and B was 60:40 and 30:70, respectively. Daily dry matter intake was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in Group A than in Group B, which also resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.01) total body weight gain in the former group. Protein, albumin, globulin, total and differential leukocyte count in blood were similar in the 2 groups but blood glucose level was higher (P < 0.05) in the calves of Group A. There was no difference in body immune response between the groups, which indicated that body immune response of animals is not significantly influenced by restricted concentrate feeding.

scholarly journals The Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Using Captopril on Energy Balance and Glucose Homeostasis

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 4114-4123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette D. de Kloet ◽  
Eric G. Krause ◽  
Dong-Hoon Kim ◽  
Randall R. Sakai ◽  
Randy J. Seeley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibition

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin-system contributes to the etiology of obesity. To evaluate the role of the renin-angiotensin-system in energy and glucose homeostasis, we examined body weight and composition, food intake, and glucose tolerance in rats given the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (∼40 mg/kg · d). Rats given captopril weighed less than controls when fed a high-fat diet (369.3 ± 8.0 vs. 441.7 ± 8.5 g after 35 d; P &lt; 0.001) or low-fat chow (320.1 ± 4.9 vs. 339.8 ± 5.1 g after 21 d; P &lt; 0.0001). This difference was attributable to reductions in adipose mass gained on high-fat (23.8 ± 2.0 vs. 65.12 ± 8.4 g after 35 d; P &lt; 0.0001) and low-fat diets (12.2 ± 0.7 vs. 17.3 ± 1.3 g after 21 d; P &lt; 0.001). Rats given captopril ate significantly less [3110.3 ± 57.8 vs. 3592.4 ± 88.8 kcal (cumulative 35 d high fat diet intake); P &lt; 0.001] despite increased in neuropeptide-Y mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and had improved glucose tolerance compared with free-fed controls. Comparisons with pair-fed controls indicated that decreases in diet-induced weight gain and adiposity and improved glucose tolerance were due, primarily, to decreased food intake. To determine whether captopril caused animals to defend a lower body weight, animals in both groups were fasted for 24 h and subsequently restricted to 20% of their intake for 2 d. When free food was returned, captopril and control rats returned to their respective body weights and elicited comparable hyperphagic responses. These results suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition protects against the development of diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance.

Pharmacological blockade of B2-kinin receptor reduces renal protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in db/db mice model

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. F1249-F1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Buléon ◽  
Julien Allard ◽  
Acil Jaafar ◽  
Françoise Praddaude ◽  
Zara Dickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Renal Protection ◽  
Mesangial Area ◽  
Hoe 140 ◽  
The Impact

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) can be delayed by the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). The mechanisms of ACEi renal protection are not univocal. To investigate the impact of bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) activation during ACE inhibition, type II diabetic mice (C57BLKS db/db) received for 20 wk: 1) ACEi (ramipril) alone, 2) ACEi + HOE-140 (a specific B2R antagonist), 3) HOE-140 alone, or 4) no treatment. The development of DN, defined by an increase in albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, was largely prevented by ACEi treatment (albuminuria: 980 ± 130 vs. 2,160 ± 330 mg/g creatinine; mesangial area: 22.5 ± 0.5 vs. 27.6 ± 0.3%). The protective effect of ramipril was markedly attenuated by B2R blockade (albuminuria: 2,790 ± 680 mg/g creatinine; mesangial area: 30.4 ± 1.1%), whereas HOE-140 alone significantly increased albuminuria. Despite such benefits, glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged, probably because of the combination of the hypotensive effect of diabetes in this model and the renal hemodynamic action of ramipril. Finally, the renal protective effect of ACEi was associated with a marked decrease in glomerular overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β pathways, but also in advanced glycation end product receptors and lipid peroxidation assessed by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) adducts. Concomitant blockade of B2R partly restored glomerular overexpression of IGF-1 receptor β and 4-HNE complexes. These results support the critical role of B2R activation in the mediation of ACEi renal protection against DN and provide the rationale to examine the benefit of B2R activation by itself as a new therapeutic approach for DN.

scholarly journals Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be safe for COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Zhao ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Weiwang Fan ◽  
Kai Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: To investigate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) administration to hypertension patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced pneumonia.Methods: We recorded the recovery status of 67 inpatients with hypertension and COVID-19 induced pneumonia in the Raytheon Mountain Hospital in Wuhan during February 12, 2020 and March 30, 2020. Patients treated with ACEI or ARBs were categorized in group A (n = 22), while patients who were not administered either ACEI or ARBs were categorized into group B (n = 45). We did a comparative analysis of various parameters such as the pneumonia progression, length-of-stay in the hospital, and the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (Cr), and creatine kinase (CK) between the day when these patients were admitted to the hospital and the day when the treatment ended.Results: These 67 hypertension cases counted for 33.17% of the total COVID-19 patients. There was no significant difference in the usage of drug treatment of COVID-19 between groups A and B (p > 0.05). During the treatment, 1 case in group A and 3 cases in group B progressed from mild pneumonia into severe pneumonia. Eventually, all patients were cured and discharged after treatment, and no recurrence of COVID-2019 induced pneumonia occurred after the discharge. The length of stays was shorter in group A as compared with group B, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in other general parameters between the patients of the groups A and B on the day of admission to the hospital (p > 0.05). The ALT, CK, and Cr levels did not significantly differ between groups A and B on the day of admission and the day of discharge (p > 0.05). Conclusions: To treat the hypertension patients with COVID-19 caused pneumonia, anti-hypertensive drugs (ACEs and ARBs) may be used according to the relative guidelines. The treatment regimen with these drugs does not need to be altered for the COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals The effects of buccal administration of azaperone on the sedation level and biochemical variables of weaned piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Martin Svoboda ◽  
Zdeněk Fajt ◽  
Michaela Mruvčinská ◽  
Jan Vašek ◽  
Jana Blahová
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Sedation Level ◽  
Biochemical Variables ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Group D

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of buccal and parenteral administration of azaperone in order to achieve pig sedation. The type of study was prospective randomized and double blinded. A total of 40 weaned piglets were divided into 4 groups (10 each) and monitored. Group A was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with azaperone (Stresnil®, 40 mg/ml inj., Elanco Animal Health) at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Group B (control) was given 1 ml of saline buccally. Group C received a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w. of azaperone buccally. Group D was given azaperone buccally at a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. The response to defined stimulus (a blunt blow of a metal rod into the metal edge of the pen), degree of salivation, movement level, blood plasma azaperone concentration, and the haematological and biochemical variables were included in the study. We found that the buccal administration of azaperone is effective, however, a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. is required to induce a sedation level comparable to the standard 2 mg/kg b.w. i.m. administration.

scholarly journals Effects of selected vitamins and minerals on growth rate and hematological parameters in broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Harun Ar Rashid ◽  
Nazim Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Rohul Amin ◽  
Mohammad Lalmoddin Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Standard Ration

The present study was designed with a view to study the body weight and hematological parameters; total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of growing broilers fed with standard poultry ration. Broilers were kept under close observation for a period of 14 days and body weight was measured at each 7 days interval up to the end of the 35 days of experimental period. A total of 20 (7 days old) broiler chicks were reared throughout the entire period of study. These chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=5). Group A considered as control, fed only standard ration. Group B, C and D was considered as treated group. Group B with vitamin AD3E 1 ml/5 liter drinking water. Group C treated with mineral 1 ml/5 liter dirking water and Group D treated with vitamin (AD3E) 1 ml/5liter and mineral 1 ml/5 liter dirking water with standard ration. It was observed that body weight of broiler increased significantly (p<0.01) in group D compare to group A, B, & C. Total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were significant (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to that of control group A. So it is concluded that vitamin (AD3E) and mineral supplementation with standard ration is beneficial for broiler production and economically profitable.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 487-494

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