scholarly journals The Impact of Periodontal Disease upon Osteoporosis, Cognitive Impairment, Respiratory Diseases, Kidney Disease and Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Glascoe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Pathological Characteristics of Periodontal Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mineaki Kitamura ◽  
Yasushi Mochizuki ◽  
Yasuyoshi Miyata ◽  
Yoko Obata ◽  
Kensuke Mitsunari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Kidney Allograft ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Allograft Function ◽  
The Impact

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized as an irreversible reduction of functional nephrons and leads to an increased risk of various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease and neurological disorders, such as coronary artery calcification, hypertension, and stroke. In addition, CKD patients have impaired immunity against bacteria and viruses. Conversely, kidney transplantation (KT) is performed for patients with end-stage renal disease as a renal replacement therapy. Although kidney function is almost normalized by KT, immunosuppressive therapy is essential to maintain kidney allograft function and to prevent rejection. However, these patients are more susceptible to infection due to the immunosuppressive therapy required to maintain kidney allograft function. Thus, both CKD and KT present disadvantages in terms of suppression of immune function. Periodontal disease is defined as a chronic infection and inflammation of oral and periodontal tissues. Periodontal disease is characterized by the destruction of connective tissues of the periodontium and alveolar bone, which may lead to not only local symptoms but also systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and several types of cancer. In addition, the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease are significantly associated with mortality. Many researchers pay special attention to the pathological roles and clinical impact of periodontal disease in patients with CKD or KT. In this review, we provide information regarding important modulators of periodontal disease to better understand the relationship between periodontal disease and CKD and/or KT. Furthermore; we evaluate the impact of periodontal disease on various pathological conditions in patients with CKD and KT. Moreover, pathogens of periodontal disease common to CKD and KT are also discussed. Finally, we examine the importance of periodontal care in these patients. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathological roles and clinical significance of periodontal disease in patients with CKD and KT.

scholarly journals Oral health in patients with chronic kidney disease

Praxis medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Radojica Stolić ◽  
Vekoslav Mitrović ◽  
Naja Suljković ◽  
Dušica Miljković-Jakšić ◽  
Aleksandra Balović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Gingival Hyperplasia ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Objective: In the available literature data, there is not much information about problems of patients with end stage kidney disease in relation to oral health. Our objective was to show the importance of oral diseases for patients on hemodialysis. Data sources: In this review article, the sources of data are review articles and scientific articles in the English language published in MEDLINE database. The choice of studies was based on keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis, Oral health, Periodontal diseases. Results: It is assumed that almost 90% patients with chronic kidney disease manifest some symptoms of oral disease. Therefore, it is important to determine the impact of periodontal disease on the progression of kidney failure in these individuals, to evaluate inflammatory parameters in this patient population, to assess the degree of bone loss and periodontal disease index, to determine the presence of bacterial strains, paradontopathy of gingival fluid and antibody titers, to examine correlations of proinflammatory cytokines in the gingival sulcus and serum, as well as to determine the relationship between periodontal tissue and inflammatory mediators. Periodontal diseases can increase the possibility of developing chronic kidney disease by 1.5 to 2 times. These oral diseases include gingival hyperplasia, periodontitis, xerostomia, unpleasant breath, changes in the oral mucosa, malignancies, oral infections, dental abnormalities and bone lesions. Conclusion: This requires serious cooperation between nephrologists and dentists to make proper communication possible, in order to provide quality dental care for this growing patient population in accordance with new treatment strategies.

scholarly journals “Is It Removed During Dialysis?”—Cognitive Dysfunction in Advanced Kidney Failure—A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Crowe ◽  
Terence J. Quinn ◽  
Patrick B. Mark ◽  
Mark D. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Renal Complication ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
Evidence Supported Treatments ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Impact

Cognitive impairment is independently associated with kidney disease and increases in prevalence with declining kidney function. At the stage where kidney replacement therapy is required, with dialysis or transplantation, cognitive impairment is up to three times more common, and can present at a younger age. This is not a new phenomenon. The cognitive interactions of kidney disease are long recognized from historical accounts of uremic encephalopathy and so-called “dialysis dementia” to the more recent recognition of cognitive impairment in those undergoing kidney replacement therapy (KRT). The understanding of cognitive impairment as an extra-renal complication of kidney failure and effect of its treatments is a rapidly developing area of renal medicine. Multiple proposed mechanisms contribute to this burden. Advanced vascular aging, significant multi-morbidity, mood disorders, and sleep dysregulation are common in addition to the disease-specific effects of uremic toxins, chronic inflammation, and the effect of dialysis itself. The impact of cognitive impairment on people living with kidney disease is vast ranging from increased hospitalization and mortality to decreased quality of life and altered decision making. Assessment of cognition in patients attending for renal care could have benefits. However, in the context of a busy clinical service, a pragmatic approach to assessing cognitive function is necessary and requires consideration of the purpose of testing and resources available. Limited evidence exists to support treatments to mitigate the degree of cognitive impairment observed, but promising interventions include physical or cognitive exercise, alteration to the dialysis treatment and kidney transplantation. In this review we present the history of cognitive impairment in those with kidney failure, and the current understanding of the mechanisms, effects, and implications of impaired cognition. We provide a practical approach to clinical assessment and discuss evidence-supported treatments and future directions in this ever-expanding area which is pivotal to our patients' quality and quantity of life.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Gerontological Constructs Among Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Mara McAdams-DeMarco ◽  
Miranda Jones ◽  
Yijing Feng ◽  
Jeremy Walston ◽  
Nadia Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Frailty is triggered by inflammatory pathways among patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Exposure to air pollution is associated with increased inflammation and as such may be a determinant of frailty in patients with ESKD. Therefore, we sought to estimate the impact of household-level exposure to fine particulate matter (particles <2.5μm in diameter [PM2.5]) on frailty and other gerontological constructs among patients with ESKD. We leveraged a prospective, two-center cohort study of 1,482 adults with ESKD (2014-2019) from 40 US states. The physical frailty phenotype (PFP), SPPB, ADL/IADL dependence and 3MS global cognitive impairment were assessed at transplant evaluation. Household-level air pollution was estimated as annual average PM2.5 concentrations at each participant’s address using SEDAC national air pollution data. We estimated the odds of these gerontologic constructs using adjusted logistic regression by quartiles of PM2.5 concentrations accounting for confounders including socioeconomic status. Compared to patients with PM2.5 concentrations in the lowest quartile (<9.3µg/m3), those with exposure to the 3rd quartile (10.0-11.1µg/m3) had 1.50-fold (95%CI:1.04-2.17) increased odds of frailty. However, exposure to PM2.5 concentrations in the second (9.3-10.0µg/m3) and fourth quartiles (>11.1µg/m3) were not significant. Those with PM2.5 in the 3rd (OR=1.60, 95%CI:1.19-2.16) or 4th (OR=1.61, 95%CI:1.20-2.16) quartile had an increased risk of having dependence in ADLs or IADLs. PM2.5 was not associated with SPPB or cognitive impairment. Among ESKD patients, fine particulate matter was associated with greater frailty and dependence burden, although these association may not be linear. Further study of the role of inflammation on these associations are needed.

Cognitive Impairment and Physical Activity in Old Age: The Impact on All-Cause Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erico Castro-Costa ◽  
Jerson Laks ◽  
Cecilia Godoi Campos ◽  
Josélia OA Firmo ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Old Age ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

MHealth Applications for People with Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Pei Chen ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Haining Liu ◽  
Xianwen Li
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Mobile health application has become an important tool for healthcare systems. One such tool is the delivery of assisting in people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to explore and evaluate the existing evidence and challenges on the use of mHealth applications that assisting in people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. METHODS Nine databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL, Web of Science, Applied Science & Technology Source, IEEE Xplore and the ACM Digital Library were searched from inception through June 2020 for the studies of mHealth applications on people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. Two reviewers independently extracted, checked synthesized data independently. RESULTS Of the 6101 studies retrieved, 64 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three categories emerged from this scoping review. These categories are ‘application functionality’, ‘evaluation strategies’, ‘barriers and challenges’. All the included studies were categorized into 7 groups based on functionality: (1) cognitive assessment; (2) cognitive training; (3) life support; (4) caregiver support; (5) symptom management; (6) reminiscence therapy; (7) exercise intervention. The included studies were broadly categorized into four types: (1) Usability testing; (2) Pilot and feasibility studies; (3) Validation studies; and (4) Efficacy or Effectiveness design. These studies had many defects in research design such as: (1) small sample size; (2) deficiency in active control group; (3) deficiency in analyzing the effectiveness of intervention components; (4) lack of adverse reactions and economic evaluation; (5) lack of consideration about the education level, electronic health literacy and smartphone proficiency of the participants; (6) deficiency in assessment tool; (7) lack of rating the quality of mHealth application. Some progress should be improved in the design of smartphone application functionality, such as: (1) the design of cognitive measurements and training game need to be differentiated; (2) reduce the impact of the learning effect. Besides this, few studies used health behavior theory and performed with standardized reporting. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results show that mobile technologies facilitate the assistance in people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. The majority of mHealth application interventions incorporated usability outcome and health outcomes. However, these studies have many defects in research design that limit the extrapolation of research. The content of mHealth application is urgently improved to adapt to demonstrate the real effect. In addition, further research with strong methodological rigor and adequate sample size are needed to examine the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of mHealth applications for people with cognitive impairment and their caregivers.

Hazards for Construction Workers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin H. West ◽  
Laura S. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes the hazards for construction workers, with a particular focus on injuries as well as exposures to hazardous chemicals and dusts. A section describes hazardous exposures to lead and other heavy metals. Another section describes noise exposure. The impact of musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers is then discussed. A section on respiratory diseases focuses on asbestosis, silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. Exposures known to cause dermatitis and cancer are reviewed. There is a discussion of engineered nanomaterials as a potential emerging hazard. Various approaches to prevention and control, including regulations and health services, are described.

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