scholarly journals The Impact of Advanced Industry 4.0 Technologies on Unemployment in Russian Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Olga A. Koropets ◽  
Evgeniya Kh. Tukhtarova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
University Education ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Impact

The introduction of advanced technologies requires restructuring the labour market and redistributing the workforce. Therefore, the study of the demand for workers in the digital economy is necessary for preventing unemployment. We examine the impact of advanced technologies on unemployment in Russian regions. The transition to a new technological wave and the development of advanced technologies will differently affect the unemployment among various categories of population depending on their educational level. Using the combination of spatial analysis, statistical and econometric methods, we identified clusters of high-tech, medium-tech, and low-tech regions of the Russian Federation, described the impact and confirmed the proposed hypothesis. We have discovered that most Russian regions have a low potential to transition to a new technological wave. Simultaneously, in high-tech regions with sufficient potential to develop a new technological wave, digital economy does not require a large number of employees with university education. Moreover, such regions are experiencing an acute shortage of people with vocational education. Currently, selected Russian regions have resources, potential and reserves to develop the sixth technological wave, while others provide human resources. This situation leads not only to deepening regional differentiation but also to severance of economic relations between regions, hindering their interaction in the new conditions. The obtained results can be used to support proposals and measures for regulating labour market processes to develop scientific, technological and economic potential of the country.

Thinking about the Production and Consumption of Long-term Care in Britain: Does Gender Still Matter?

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLARE UNGERSON
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Mixed Economy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Impact

This article suggests that the literature on care, which originally was heavily influenced by a gendered perspective, has now taken on other important variables. However, it is argued that if we look at the particular impact of the marketisation and privatisation of long-term care, we can see that gender is still a useful perspective on the production of care, especially paid care. The reordering of the delivery of domiciliary care within the ‘mixed economy of welfare’ is having important effects on the labour market for care and is likely to lead to further inequalities between women, both now and in old age. The article proceeds to look at the impact of these inequalities on the consumption of care in old age, particularly by elderly women and considers factors that may provide women with the resources to purchase care and/or pay charges for care. The article argues that gender does still matter, but that its impact has to be understood within a context of growing inequalities between women, and an analysis that takes account of wider social and economic relations within kin networks and between generations.

scholarly journals Geographical Factor in Regional Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Marina Moroshkina
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Geographical Factor ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Interregional Differentiation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Regional development of Russian regions is characterized by a high level of heterogeneity. Researchers highlight a significant number of factors affecting the level of regional development. Geographical factor is recognized as one of the most important factors. The development of border regions is similar to that of Russian regions. The purpose of the research is to determine the differentiation of border regions and to study the dynamics of its change. The object of the research is border regions united in the system. The process of unification of regions is based on geographical location. The subject of the study is the process of regional differentiation. Methods of assessing the convergence of economic entities are the instrument of researching regional differentiation of border regions. The convergence theorem analyzes the interregional differentiation of border regions and considers the possibility of their convergence. As a result of using convergence approaches based on the definition of convergent processes, the coefficient of variation is calculated. On the basis of the calculated values of the coefficient and its change, the possibility of convergence of border regions is assessed and the process of change of interregional differentiation is analyzed. Another direction, on the basis of which the analysis of regional heterogeneity of border regions is based, is the determination of the differentiation coefficient, which allows to determine the level of the gap between polar groups of regions. The goal set in the study will allow assessing the impact of geographical location on economic development and formulating directions of economic policy. Spatial heterogeneity of border regions defined by means of mathematical tools can be used when writing the Program and the Strategy for Regional Development, within which one of the competitive advantages will be the location of the territory.

Are we ready? Labour market transit to the digital economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 147797142098334
Author(s):  
Nicolás Didier
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Educational Mismatch ◽  
Funding Policies ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Job Polarisation ◽  
Educational Market ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
The Impact

Industrialised countries are currently facing the knowledge-to-digital economy transition. That transition is strictly defined by how the labour market is organised and operates in the national economy. Some old to new phenomena are determinants of those dimensions, such as educational mismatch, credential inflation, and job polarisation. These phenomena affect the relationship between schooling and earnings, carrying consequences for social mobility, household welfare, and an individual's social progression perspective. Those phenomena remain understudied in the context of Latin America. Chile's case has gained relevance in the region due to the highly deregulated organisation of its educational market, the quality increase in its higher education institutions, and its funding policies for higher education. This work attempts to provide an extended diagnosis of the Chilean labour market, considering the impact of these emerging issues on the educational market and policymaking. The results show that 83.6% of Chilean employees experience an educational mismatch (overeducation and undereducation); credential inflation has depreciated the value of education over five of the six occupational categories – besides the polarisation index for industrialised countries such as the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals Digitalisation of the Economy of Social and Labour Relations in Modern Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01043
Author(s):  
Margarita Stefanenko ◽  
Elzara Abdulkhairova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The authors represent data on the state of the process of digitalisation of the Russian economy and draw a conclusion about the high level of the information infrastructure development along with that they note a great gap in the digitalisation level between regions. When assessing the impact of the development of Internet technologies on employment, two main consequences have been identified: the reduction of the impact of the geographical factor on the supply and demand in the labour market and the involvement of previously unoccupied social groups in the production process. The rapid development of the digital economy, the accelerated industrialisation of digital technologies such as the Internet, big data and cloud computing, have led to further improvements in computing power, a significant reduction in computing costs, and a significant leap in data analysis and processing capabilities. The purpose of the study is to analyse and evaluate the effects of economy digitalisation on employment. Within the framework of the research conducted, both general scientific and specific scientific methods were used: formal and logical research methods (the method of induction, deduction, analogy, synthesis, comparison, observation, description, systematisation), formal and legal, historical and legal, comparative and legal, institutional, system analysis. The paper analyses the current global economic and technological trends that affect the transformation and formation of new socioeconomic relations in the context of the digital economy formation. This article examines the impact of the development of digital information technologies on the labour market and employment. The authors represent data on the state of the process of digitalisation of the Russian economy and draw a conclusion about the high level of the information infrastructure development along with that they note a great gap in the digitalisation level between regions. The results of the study can be used in the work of public authorities at all levels to develop and adjust programmes for the further labour market development and to prevent unemployment.

scholarly journals Adaptation of high-tech knowledge-intensive enterprises to the challenges of industry 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 13026
Author(s):  
Stanislav Poloskov ◽  
Alexander Zheltenkov ◽  
Irina Braga ◽  
Irina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Impact

In order to succeed in a competitive environment, enterprises and organizations must quickly respond to external influences, such as digitalization, expansion of information exchange, and challenges caused by Industry 4.0. High-tech knowledge-intensive enterprises that develop and commercialize their original innovative products and technologies as well as provide intellectual services in the field of high technologies are the first to respond to such challenges. A number of works on how the digitalization in economy impacts organizational and managerial activities of enterprises, their R&D, and creation, production and commercialization of innovative products are analyzed. As the results of the study, a number of properties and patterns that determine the successful adaptation of innovative enterprises to the challenges of Industry 4.0 wereidentified. Among them there are material resources, including technology and equipment, scientific and technological achievements, financial, personnel and information support and adaptive organizational and economic capabilities. It is shown that in order to adapt to the challenges of Industry 4.0, enterprises must match capabilities of the digital economy with their material, intellectual and production resources using innovative potential as a measurement tool. It is determined that the procedures for assessing the innovative potential of enterprises can become an effective tool for assessing both quantitative/qualitative indicators of enterprises and degree of their adaptation to the challenges of Industry 4.0. The proposed methodology for a comprehensive assessment of industrial enterprises’ innovative potential as the degree of their adaptation to the challenges of Industry 4.0 was implemented at the high-tech knowledge-intensive enterprises “Shtorm” and “Tekhnotron”. Both of them are well known for their innovative developments in the field of welding production. It was demonstrated that the proposed methodology allows not just assessing the degree of adaptation to the digital economy and the challenges of Industry 4.0, but also assessing the impact of planned activities on innovations and determine methods and means of responding to the changes in external and internal environment of enterprises.

scholarly journals The Impact of Urbanization on Atmospheric Pollution in Russian Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-641
Author(s):  
O.S Mariev ◽  
◽  
N.B. Davidson ◽  
I.A. Borzova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Equipment Modernization ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

The study discusses the impact of urbanization on the pollutant emissions into the atmosphere in Russian regions in 2001– 2018 based on the data from the Federal State Statistics Service. The regions are divided into two groups by export activity, to determine the impact of urbanization on air pollution taking into account regional specialization. The study also tests the hypothesis that the costs of innovation play a role in the process of urbanization. Methodologically, the study relies on econometric methods based on the panel data. The results show that a rise in the level of urbanization, calculated as a proportion of the urban population, increases the level of pollutant emissions, regardless of which group the region falls into. The increased costs of technological innovations, on the contrary, lead to a reduction in the volume of emissions, which means that it is necessary to stimulate companies to invest more in equipment modernization. The results of the research can be useful for regional policy-makers.

scholarly journals Scaling the dual model of secondary vocational education as a factor of economic development of Russian regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 810-828
Author(s):  
V.A. Teslenko ◽  
R.M. Mel'nikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Secondary Vocational Education ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
High Level

Subject. This article deals with the issues of improving economic relations between different structures in the implementation of the dual model of secondary vocational education. Objectives. The article aims to develop recommendations for scaling the dual model of secondary vocational education in Russian regions. Methods. For the study, we used a regression analysis. Results. The article defines that the development of the dual model of secondary vocational education creates certain prerequisites for successful development of high-tech companies in the region. It justifies the need for federal financial support for the regional chambers of commerce and industry. Conclusions. At present, the spread of the dual model of secondary vocational education in Russia is local and limited to regions with a fairly high level of economic development. Further expansion of the model requires the implementation of a new target programme.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
А.К. Сембеков ◽  
О.А. Тян ◽  
Е.Г. Будешов ◽  
A. Sembekov ◽  
O. Tyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
New Production ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
The Impact

В статье авторами изучены и представлены существующие подходы к трактовки понятия «цифровая экономика», позиции различных ученых в части влияния результатов цифровизации на экономический рост, приведены итоги эмпирических исследований зарубежных ученых и ведущих международных организаций по вопросам оценки влияния цифровой экономики на рост ВВП. В работе обозначены некоторые нерешенные проблемы по измерению цифровой экономики в контексте взаймодействия с «традиционной». В условиях цифровизации, появления совершенно новых цифровых отраслей, изменения экономических отношений «традиционной» экономики становится актуальным теоретическое обоснование процессов, связанных с влиянием цифровой экономики на экономическое развитие, на рост ВВП. Практическое значение исследуемой проблемы крайне актуально для развивающейся национальной экономики Казахстана, ибо цифровая экономика обладает мощным потенциалом для экономического роста, что подтверждает актуальность исследования проблем цифрового роста национальной экономики за счет новых производительных факторов. В статье на основе анализа индексов развития цифровой экономики выявлены закономерности ее влияния на темпы экономического роста Казахстана. Проведение исследования позволило разработать корреляционную модель влияния уровня цифровой экономики на экономический рост Казахстана. In the article, the authors studied and presented the existing approaches to the interpretation of the “digital economy” concept, positions of various scientists regarding the impact of digitalization on economic growth, results of empirical studies of foreign scientists and leading international organizations on assessing the impact of the digital economy on GDP growth. The paper outlines some unresolved issues in measuring digital economy in the context of interacting with the "traditional" one. In the context of digitalization, the emergence of completely new digital industries, changes in the economic relations of the “traditional” economy, the theoretical justification of the processes associated with the influence of the digital economy on economic development and GDP growth becomes relevant. Practical significance of the studied problem is extremely relevant for the developing national economy of Kazakhstan, because digital economy has a powerful potential for economic growth, which confirms the relevance of the study of the problems of digital growth of the national economy due to new production factors. Based on the analysis of the digital economy development indices, the article reveals the patterns of its influence on economic growth rates of Kazakhstan. The study allowed us to develop a correlation model of the influence of the level of development of digital economy on economic growth of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS IN THE REGULATION OF THE EXTERNAL PROCESSES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Lobozinska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact

The article explores new global external challenges to the development of national economies around the world. The impact of COVID-19 on a country’s economy and society through the prism of rapid implementation of digital technologies in all spheres of public life. The scientific-theoretical and regulatory framework for the development of the digital economy in Ukraine is defined. The total digitalization of Ukrainian society is seen as one of the positive consequences of the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus, has stimulated an unprecedented growth of digital transformation of all sectors of the economy and public administration. Separate legal acts establishing the fundamental basis for the development of the digital economy and society in Ukraine are analyzed. Specified ways of development of electronic economy through the use of information systems, networks, resources and modern information and communication technologies of new forms of social and economic relations. An analysis of the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the area under study is presented. The legal definitions of “digital economy”, “electronic economy” and “electronic commerce” are commented. The modern trends of economic activity paradigm changes in the development of digital economy, result economy, sustainable socio-economic and environmental development are highlighted. Risks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic can be minimized by developing an effective state anti-pandemic policy aimed, first and foremost, at protecting national interests of Ukraine and ensuring social and economic security of digital and economic development. The conclusions about the ways and strategic tasks of formation of effective state antipandemic policy of the country are made. It is stated that the current stage of global socio-economic development is characterized by the significant impact of digitalization. The current research revealed that digitalization of all spheres of society is a global trend; the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced and continues to influence the economic situation in all countries of the world.

scholarly journals The impact of product and labour market deregulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Armend Muja
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Economists have often talked about the European Paradox:” - Europe having the necessary knowledge and research but failing to utilize these advantages and bring them to the markets. The perception, largely attributable to the media reporting, is that Europe lags behind the United States in innovation. While it is true that most of the e-commerce innovations were developed in the United States, Europe’s economies did well over the 1990s despite the lack of major breakthroughs in high-tech sphere. Thus, it is hard to say that Europe is facing an innovation crisis, and I will argue that Europe has other advantages that make it competitive globally. While Europe might not have as much success in innovation as the United States, it nevertheless, has been successful in more developed and mature segments of the markets. Moreover, I will argue that country’s specialization depends on the setup of the institutions in the political economy. The countries utilize their comparative institutional advantage (CIA) to maintain competitive globally. Finally, I will argue against the idea of drastic deregulation of the product and labor markets in Europe. Doing so would be like shooting yourself in the foot since individual European countries would lose their comparative institutional advantage that allows them to stay competitive globally in the market for incremental innovation products.

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