scholarly journals A DEFENSIVE “STAND-BY REACTION” AT CRITICAL MOMENTS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE LIFE CYCLE

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Joao Rosado de Miranda Justo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Primary Maternal Preoccupation ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Keywords Pregnancy ◽  
Infertile Couples ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Critical Moments

Abstract.Investigation about the psychological experiences of the reproductive life cycle showed that in critical moments special reactions may happen. These reactions seem to be defensive in nature, are set in motion in order to promote some kind of emotional protection and are performed in two opposite directions: a) a decreasing of the contact with aggressive impulses and b) an increasing of the use of rationalization and denial of frustrating situations. Examples of those rearrangements were observed at samples of: 1) pregnant women in obstetric high-risk consultation, 2) infertile couples waiting for infertility consultations and 3) pregnant women waiting for amniocentesis results. These data seem to be in accordance with the classical psychological points of view: a) gestation should be considered as a period of protection, b) during pregnancy a “primary maternal preoccupation” (Winnicot, 1958) emerges leading to the mobilization of all resources available for pregnant women and c) along gestational development psychological changes show how flexible maternal functioning may become. What was not expected is that in the absence of pregnancy, infertile couples should behave very similarly to what it is observed when pregnancy is in danger or when medical problems about the mother’s or the baby’s health arise in the horizon. Due to its “freezing” consequences upon emotional development we propose that this kind of reaction will be designated as “stand-by reaction”. Keywords: pregnancy, psychological development, defense mechanisms, infertile couples, stand-by reaction.

Threat of premature birth: psycho-social aspects

2016 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
S. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
O. Schurevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Stress Load ◽  
Mandatory Participation

The objective: to study the psychological characteristics of women’s status in one of the most common complications of pregnancy - the threat of termination of pregnancy, depending on the level of stress load. Patients and methods. We have studied the psychological status (the Holmes-Rahe level of psychosocial stress, the Spielberg-Hanin level of anxiety, V.I.Dobryakov’s related to a pregnancy test, diagnosis of psychological defense mechanisms, assessment of quality of life) 60 pregnant women with threat of premature birth in the third trimester of pregnancy. Surveyed women were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 30 pregnant women – forced migrant of Donetsk and Lugansk area and 2 group – 30 pregnant women who resided in Kiev. Results. At the same clinical picture of the threat of premature birth we detected discrepancy between the subjective assessment of their condition in women – forced migrants: a high level of situational and personal anxiety, decrease in physical (physical functioning, role-physical functioning) and psychological (social functioning, role emotional functioning) health, doubtful and pathological subtypes of gestational dominant. This creates prerequisites for complications of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum future period and requires the participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Conclusion. So, revealed a discrepancy between the objective clinical signs similar obstetric pathology (on the example of threatened abortion) in pregnant women with different levels of stress load and their subjective evaluation of their condition that affects their psychological status. This should be reflected in individually tailored therapy and be mainstreamed into the work of obstetricians and gynecologists with these patients, and requires mandatory participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Key words: pregnancy, the threat of premature birth, stress, psychological status.

EXPERIENCE IN METRICS AND MEASUREMENTS FOR N-VERSION PROGRAMMING

1994 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL R. LYU ◽  
JIA-HONG CHEN ◽  
ALGIRDAS AVIŽIENIS
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Control Software ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Software Diversity ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Design Diversity ◽  
Diversity Measurement

The N-Version Programming (NVP) approach applies the idea of design diversity to obtain fault-tolerant software units, called N-Version Software (NVS) units. The effectiveness of this approach is examined by the software diversity achieved in the member versions of an NVS unit. We define and formalize the concept of design diversity and software diversity in this paper. Design diversity is a property naturally applicable to the NVP process to increase its fault-tolerance attributes. The baseline design diversity is characterized by the employment of independent programming teams in the NVP. More design diversity investigations could be enforced in the NVP design process, including different languages, different tools, different algorithms, and different methodologies. Software diversity is the resulting dissimilarities appearing in the NVS member versions. We characterize it from four different points of view that are designated as: structural diversity, fault diversity, tough-spot diversity, and failure diversity. Our goals are to find a way to quantify software diversity and to investigate the measurements which can be applied during the life cycle of NVS to gain confidence that operation will be dependable when NVS is actually employed. The versions from a six-language N-Version Programming project for fault-tolerant flight control software were used in the software diversity measurement.

Incidence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertensive Women and its Associated Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3307-3309
Author(s):  
Samia Saifullah ◽  
Maryam Shoaib ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Tareen ◽  
Nosheen Sikander Baloch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Keywords Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension is a fetal disease resulting into morbidity and mortality of female as well as its neonate. Objective: To find the incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension in Pakistani women. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta from 1st March 2019 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: Seven hundred and twenty eight females were identified with pregnancy induced hypertension from all the pregnant women attending the outdoor were enrolled. Each female was checked for their protein urea as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to standard operating protocol. Socio-demographic, clinical and family history were documented. Results: Among all pregnant women, 150 were identified as pregnancy induced hypertensive with a 20.6% incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension. The mean value systolic blood pressure value was 144.3±5.2 and of diastolic as 83.1±5.2 in pregnancy induced hypertension women. Conclusion: Family history, obesity and renal diseases are the main factors associated with pregnancy induced hypertension with an incidence of 20.6% among pregnant women. Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension, Body mass index, Pregnant women, Hypertension

scholarly journals KEHAMILAN TETAP SEHAT DI MASA PANDEMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Riona Sanjaya ◽  
Hellen Febriyanti ◽  
Yetty Dwi Fara ◽  
Septika Yani Veronica ◽  
Siti Maesaroh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Length ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Keywords Pregnancy

ABSTRAKKehamilan merupakan proses yang normal, alamiah yang diawali dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin intrauteri, dimulai sejak konsepsi sampai bersalin dan lamanya kehamilan normal adalah 280 hari (40 minggu atau 9 bulan 7 hari) di hitung dari hari pertama haid terakhir.Pada masa Kehamilan ibu hamil agar dapat mempersiapkan diri pada kesehatan ibu hamil dengan menjaga nutrisi selama proses kehamilannya. Ibu hamil wajib memeriksakan kehamilannya agara ibu hamil dapat mengetahui dan mencegah sedini mungkin kelainan yang dapat terjadi, meningkatkan kondisi badan ibu dalam menghadapi kehamilan serta mendapatkan penyuluhan yang diperlukan selama kehamilan. Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil mampu menjaga kesehatannya selama kehamilan di masa pandemi. Kegiatan-kegiatan ini mencakup teori dan praktek yang meliputi : (1) Pendidikan Kesehatan yang dilakukan secara online; (2) Praktik Senam Ibu Hamil yang dilakukan Melalui Vidio; dengan melibatkan mahasiswa Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu pada saat pelaksanaan. Melalui kegiatan ini, diharapkan masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil dapat menyadari pentingnya kesehatan bagi ibu hamil walaupun dimasa pandemi ini. Kata kunci: kehamilan; nutrisi; senam hamil ABSTRACTPregnancy is a normal, natural process that begins with the growth and development of the intrauterine fetus. It starts from conception to delivery and the normal length of pregnancy is 280 days (40 weeks or 9 months 7 days) on the first day of the last menstruation. During pregnancy, pregnant women can prepare themselves for the health of pregnant women by maintaining nutrition during the pregnancy process. Pregnant women are required to have their pregnancy checked so that pregnant women can find out and prevent possible abnormalities that can occur, improve the condition of the mother's body in facing pregnancy and get the necessary counseling during pregnancy. Through this activity, it is expected that the community, especially pregnant women, will be able to maintain their health during pregnancy during a pandemic. These activities include theory and practice as follows: (1) Health Education which will be conducted online; (2) Exercise for Pregnant Women through Video; by involving the students of Aisyah University of Pringsewu during the implementation. In the other hand, it can realize the importance of health for pregnant women even during this pandemic. Keywords: pregnancy; nutrition; pregnancy exercise

Obstetric emergencies

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Nursing Assessment ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Obstetric Emergencies ◽  
In Pregnancy

Women often present to emergency and urgent care services with problems or concerns relating to their pregnancy. Additionally, women who are pregnant may also present with acute medical problems or suffer from a range of injuries. Problems in early pregnancy are common and are often a reason for attendance to the emergency department. This chapter provides detailed information regarding the assessment of pregnant women and the differences to that of non-pregnant patients. A range of emergency obstetric problems are covered, including emergency delivery. The nursing assessment and management of medical problems in pregnancy are also covered.

scholarly journals Provision of acute medicine services for pregnant women in UK hospitals: Data from the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 1753495X2092950
Author(s):  
Catherine Atkin ◽  
Paarul Prinja ◽  
Anita Banerjee ◽  
Mark Holland ◽  
Dan Lasserson
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Acute Medicine ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Obstetric Medicine ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Local Guideline ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background Medical problems during pregnancy are the leading cause of maternal mortality in the UK. Pregnant women often present through acute services to the medical team, requiring timely access to appropriate services, physicians trained to manage medical problems in pregnancy, with locally agreed guidance available. Methods Data were collected through the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit, a national audit of service delivery and patient care in acute medicine over a 24 hour period. Results One hundred and thirty hospitals participated: 5.5% had an acute medicine consultant trained in obstetric medicine, and 38% of hospitals had a named lead for maternal medicine. This was not related to hospital size (p = 0.313). Sixty-four units had local guidelines for medical problems in pregnancy; 43% had a local guideline for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. Centres with a named lead had more guidelines (p = 0.019). Conclusion Current provision of services within acute medicine for pregnant women does not meet national recommendations.

Attitude Toward Death From the Perspective of Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Ego Development: An Unused Potential

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282092160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Sekowski
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Ego Development ◽  
Attitude Toward Death

The aim of the article is to design a conceptual framework within the theory of psychosocial ego development that will allow for a better understanding and explanation of attitude toward death in the life cycle. The main weaknesses of previous studies on death attitude were examined; Erikson’s concept may help exceed these limitations. The use of the model of hierarchy of defense mechanisms to study death attitude within Erikson’s theory was proposed. The concept of the death complex was mentioned to better conceptualize the problem of attitude toward death as a part of the psychosocial theory. Finally, the evolution of attitude toward death in the consecutive phases of psychosocial development was discussed in the light of the concept of syntonic and dystonic ego features, as well as death complex, defense mechanisms, and psychosexual modes.

scholarly journals Improving maternal nutrition for better pregnancy outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Nnam
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Much has been learned during the past several decades about the role of maternal nutrition in the outcome of pregnancy. While the bulk of the data is derived from animal models, human observations are gradually accumulating. There is need to improve maternal nutrition because of the high neonatal mortality rate especially in developing countries. The author used a conceptual framework which took both primary and secondary factors into account when interpreting study findings. Nutrition plays a vital role in reducing some of the health risks associated with pregnancy such as risk of fetal and infant mortality, intra-uterine growth retardation, low birth weight and premature births, decreased birth defects, cretinism, poor brain development and risk of infection. Adequate nutrition is essential for a woman throughout her life cycle to ensure proper development and prepare the reproductive life of the woman. Pregnant women require varied diets and increased nutrient intake to cope with the extra needs during pregnancy. Use of dietary supplements and fortified foods should be encouraged for pregnant women to ensure adequate supply of nutrients for both mother and foetus. The author concludes that nutrition education should be a core component of Mother and Child Health Clinics and every opportunity should be utilised to give nutrition education on appropriate diets for pregnant women.

The characteristics of personal and psychological factors and mental condition of pregnant women with early toxemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Evgen’evna Vishnevskaya ◽  
Elena Vital’evna Mozgovaya ◽  
Natalya Nikolaevna Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Psychological Defense ◽  
Intrapersonal Conflict ◽  
Mental Characteristics ◽  
Early Toxicity

The results of the study of the psyche of pregnant women with early toxicity as compared with healthy pregnant women. The connection between the development of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy with the presence of unresolved intrapersonal conflict, unfavorable types PKGD and immature psychological defense mechanisms. The contribution of the mental characteristics of the development of this obstetric pathology

Onset and Maintenance of Maternal Prey-Supply Activity in the Spider Coelotes Terrestris (Araneae, Agelenidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 120 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Gundermann ◽  
Andre Horel ◽  
Denis Assi Bessekon
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Web Spider ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Behavioural Interactions ◽  
Aggressive Reactions ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractIn the funnel-web spider Coelotes terrestris (Agelenidae) the young are provided with prey by their mother for several weeks following emergence from the egg sac. Such a maternal activity has previously been shown to be influenced by stimuli emitted by the young (i.e. during mother-offspring interactions), which ensures the tuning of the prey supply to the offspring. The present paper aims to shed light on the conditions of onset and maintenance of prey-supply tendency. The experimental procedure consisted in confronting females, either sub-adult or at various stages of their reproductive life cycle, with a group of spiderlings constant in number and age, and in recording the behavioural interactions following the capture of a prey item. Females which did not yet have post-emergence offspring did not supply prey to the spiderlings and exhibited aggressive reactions towards them. In contrast, females which had had post-emergence offspring, even though their dispersal could have taken place many weeks before, provided prey to the experimental spiderlings, and behaved towards them as their real mothers would have done. When exposure to the experimental situation was prolonged for one week, the tendency to supply the young clearly appeared in previously unresponsive adult females (inseminated or incubating), but no change was observed in sub-adults. The results show that, in Coelotes terrestris, the maternal tendency to supply prey requires a particular internal state, which seems to develop at the time of the offspring's emergence but which does not become extinct after their dispersal. The results also suggest that the development of this internal state can somehow be influenced by stimuli from the young.

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