scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE CONTENT OF NITROGENOUS SUBSTANCES AND LIPIDS IN THE NEEDLES OF INTRODUCED SPECIES PICEA А. DIETR. IN THE TAIGA ZONE (KARELIA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
I. T. Kishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances ◽  
High Level

Studies were conducted in the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University, located in the taiga zone. The objects were 1 aboriginal (Рicea fennica (Regel) Кom.) аnd 5 introduced (P. pungens Engelm. f. glauca Regel and f. viridis Regel, P. obovata Ledeb., P. glauca (Mill.) Britt., P. omorica (Pane) Purk., P. mariana Britt.). It is established that in the process of adaptation of introduced species Picea to low winter tempera-tures most of the involved proteins. Their number increases significantly during the transition from the period of active shoot growth to a period of deep rest have all studied species of Picea. The accumulation of proteins causes a decrease in the level of total free amino acids of most types of exotic species, while the local form of the amino acid content is maintained at a high level. In the needles of most of the studied species of Picea to the period of deep rest, the fraction of glutamic acid and albanina and increases the proportion of arginine and ethanolamine in the total amount of amino acids. The increase in the content of total lipids and phospholipids in the needles during the transition to a period of deep rest less significant than proteins. In the needles of na-tive species in comparison with the needles of exotic species total lipids actively used in the phase of inten-sive growth of shoots. Despite some differences, the introduced species Picea adapted to endure low tempera-tures using the same biochemical mechanisms as a local view. This indicates successful adaptation of the studied introduced species Picea to new conditions of existence.

Prompt effects of high-level irradiation on animal metabolism

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Ellis ◽  
Robert T. Clark ◽  
Walter A. Rambach ◽  
John E. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Animal Metabolism ◽  
High Level

Blood acid-base related components and free amino acids in plasma, spinal fluid, and five tissues were measured in rhesus monkeys exposed to whole-body irradiation doses (500– 30,000 r). Samples collected 2 hours later showed increased acidity in blood. This change was paralleled by a rise in blood lactic acid. No consistent change was found in blood pyruvate. A correlation of these findings with reductions in the arterial CO2 tension and plasma CO2 content indicated that the metabolic acidosis was greater than the respiratory alkalosis resulting from increased pulmonary ventilation. Two-dimensional chromatograms indicated that plasma glucose was reduced and plasma uric acid was increased. The altered levels were related to the postirradiation interval and the total dose. The free amino acid content of plasma was increased in proportion to the dose. Of the seven amino acids detected in spinal fluid, an elevated glutamine level was the only consistent change.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of the Introduced Picea L. (Karst.) Species in the Taiga Zone (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-258
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Kishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Needle Growth

The study was conducted in the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia, the middle taiga subzone) from April to October during 1988–2016. The following representatives of the genus Picea were investigated: four introduced species (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss [syn. P. canadensis Britt.], P. pungens Engelm. f. viridis Regel., P. obovata Ledeb., and P. mariana Britt.) and one native species (P. abies (L.) Karst.). The growth of P. abies shoots starts 1–4 weeks earlier and ends 1–3 weeks later compared to the introduced species. The earliest culmination of shoot growth is observed in P. glauca and P. obovata and the latest in P. abies. The longest shoots are formed by P. abies. The growth dynamics of shoots differs considerably between the introduced species and the native species. The dates of the beginning and the culmination of the shoot growth in the studied species are to a certain extent affected by the temperature of the air. P. abies needles begin to grow 1–2 weeks earlier than the needles of the introduced species. The earliest culmination of needle growth is observed in P. obovata and P. glauca and the latest in P. pungens. P. abies and P. pungens show the largest needle length increment, while in the other species, it is 2–4 times smaller. The longest needles are formed in P. pungens and P. abies. There is a noticeable difference in needle growth dynamics between the introduced species and the native species. The dates on which needles begin to grow are largely determined by the temperature of the air. The temperature of the air and solar radiation produce a substantial effect on the time of occurrence of most phenophases in the studied Picea species. P. pungens and P. glauca were found to be the most promising spruce species for residential landscaping and creation of artificial plant communities in Karelia

scholarly journals The morphogenesis of vegetative buds of Picea species (Pinaceae), introduced in the taiga zone (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
I. T. Kishchenko ◽  
V. V. Trenin
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
State University ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Picea Species

The observations were carried out in the Botanical garden of the Petrozavodsk state University, located in the taiga zone. Objects of research served 1 native and 5 introduced species: Picea abies (L.) Karst., P. obovata Ledeb., P. mariana Britt., P. glauca (Mill.) Вritt., P. pungens Engelm., P. omorica (Pane) Purk. The study of morphogenesis in vegetative buds was carried out axial shoots from the middle part of the crown since the beginning of the bud swelling until the cessation of laying primordial needles (May to September). The growing shoots are cut off after 2-3 days and were fixed in a mixture of alcohol and glycerin. For the start date of a stage, took the time when it was noted in not less than 30% of the buds. It is established that intrarenal development of vegetative organs from the native species P. abies was studied and introduced species of the genus Picea characterized by similar phases: rest, laying cover scales and laying primordial needles. Morphogenesis of vegetative buds of P. abies on the timing ahead of the development of the bud in the introduced species, which indicates a much greater insistence of the latter to temperature. The duration of the morphogenesis of the buds in all studied types varies slightly (days 131-137). However, the morphogenesis of vegetative buds of native species for 1-4 weeks ahead in terms of development of the buds in introduced species with a similarity of morphogenesis of the bud (P. abies and P. glauca), the value of the annual increment of the shoots is almost the same.

scholarly journals Content of Amino Acids in Maize and Yellow Lupine after Fluorine Application to Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Radosław Szostek ◽  
Zdzisław Ciećko ◽  
Elżbieta Rolka ◽  
Mirosław Wyszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Yellow Lupine ◽  
High Level ◽  
Agricultural Yields

Pollution of the natural environment with fluorine compounds makes the continuous monitoring of the content of this element necessary, not only in the air, water and soil, but also in food. A high level of fluorine contamination of soils can affect quality of the obtained yields, affecting the amino acid composition of protein. It often becomes a cause of reducing nutrition and feed value of agricultural yields. In the undertaken studies, the influence of fluorine application to the soil on the amino acid content in proteins accumulated in the above-ground parts (aerial) of Zea mays L. and Lupinus luteus L. was studied. The lowest and medium doses of fluorine had a significant positive effect on the content of exogenous and endogenous amino acids in the protein of the aerial mass of maize, for which the increase of sum of all amino acids was 7% and 8%, respectively, in relation to controls. The above-ground parts of yellow lupine were characterised by a much higher content of the tested amino acids than maize. The subsequent influence of soil contamination with fluorine on the amino acid content in yellow lupine did not have the same effect as in the main plant, and the influence of fluorine was somewhat limited. With respect to yellow lupine, it was demonstrated that the lowest fluorine dose (100 mg F kg−1 of soil), did not have a beneficial influence on the sum of all amino acids. The medium and highest doses of fluorine depressed in a small degree the content of the sum of these compounds in the dry mass of yellow lupine.

scholarly journals Development of female hametophytis and embryogenesis of introduced species Picea A. Dietr. in the Taiga Zone (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Kishchenko ◽  
◽  
Vitaliy V. Trenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
State University ◽  
Nuclear Stage ◽  
Picea Species ◽  
Empty Seeds

The aim of the research was to establish features in macrosporogenesis, macrogametogenesis, and embryogenesis in Picea species (native species P. abies and introduced species P. canadensis and P. pungens) in the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (middle taiga subzone). To study the development of the generative sphere, shoots with generative buds and strobiles from the southwestern side of the crown were cut from 10 trees and fixed in a mixture of alcohol and glycerin. The development of the female gametophyte and the embryo was studied with constant preparations. Preparations for anatomical examination of the kidneys were prepared according to standard methods. In this case, double fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium was used, wiring through alcohol and acetone, and encapsulation in epoxy resin. Sections with a thickness of about 1 μm were prepared on an ultramicrotome and stained in a 1% aqueous solution of methylene blue. Studies have established that in mid-May, the female gametophyte is still at a free stage, and by the beginning of June it already has a cellular structure. Embryogenesis begins in late July and ends in the second decade of August. In introduced species, various deviations are observed in the development of the female generative sphere and during embryogenesis. The main ones are the degeneration of the female gametophyte at the free-nuclear stage and the destruction of archegonia at the stage of proembryogenesis. For this reason, from 37 to 51% of the seeds of introducers are devoid of the embryo. The largest percentage of empty seeds and the most recent stages of the passage of the main stages of morphogenesis are observed in P. pungens. This indicates the least degree of adaptability of the generative sphere of this species of introducer to new conditions.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the isoenzyme composition of peroxidase and pigments in the needles of the introduced species of Picea (L.) Karst. in the taiga zone (Karelia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Kishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Isoenzyme Composition

The study was conducted at the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (middle taiga sub-zone). The subjects of the study were an indigenous species (P. abies (L.) Karst.), and five introduced species (P. pungens Engelm. f. glauca Regel., P. pungens Engelm. f. viridis Regel., P. glauca (Mill.) Britt., P. omorica (Pane) Purk., P. mariana Britt., P. obovata Ledeb.). The study established high variability of the isoperoxidase spectrum in the Picea species needles during the circannual cycle. Molecular forms of peroxidase typical for growth and dormant periods were determined. Some Picea species were found to have isoenzymes appearing only during the deep dormant period. An increase in the heterogeneity of the needles isoperoxidase spectrum and appearance of molecular forms of the enzyme typical for the dormant period were observed in the indigenous and introduced Picea species in the course of adaptation to unfavorable winter conditions. The isoenzyme system rearrangement ensures plants tolerance to external factors and homeostasis regulation. The content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the needles of the studied species undergoes significant seasonal changes and is largely determined by their biological characteristics. Pigments concentration naturally increases by the end of the vegetative period and decreases slightly in winter. The total number of pigments in the needles of the indigenous and introduced species is almost the same, indicating a similar rate of stock formation. By the dormant period, the ratio of chlorophylls to carotenoids increases and reaches approximately the same level in all Picea species. The Picea species introduced in Karelia adapt to low winter temperatures with the same physiological changes as the indigenous ones. These include changes in the isoenzyme composition of peroxidase, the dynamics of the pigments content in the needles, and the ratio of chlorophylls to carotenoids. Potential tolerance of the studied plant species to unfavorable environmental factors is affected by the extreme factor of tension that does not exceed the threshold value.

Screening of amino acid constituents from date palm fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4972
Author(s):  
Lata Birlangi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Social Part

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. The fruit of the date palm is an important crop of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has always played a genuine economic and social part in the lives of the people of these areas. The present objective in examining the amino acid content of different varieties of date palm fruits from Middle-East region; is to determine whether its protein could effectively supplement the nutritional value and it is also aimed in finding which variety is rich in number of amino acids. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of eight essential amino acids and five non-essential amino acids in the date fruits. Among all the date fruit varieties taken as samples for the study, Dabbas cultivar of United Arab Emirates found to exhibit eight types of amino acids which includes five as non-essential ones. Total of thirteen amino acids were detected in the seven date cultivars. Determination of amino acid can serve as a guide to the possible nutritional value.

scholarly journals Putative imbalanced amino acid metabolism in rainbow trout long term fed a plant-based diet as revealed by 1H-NMR metabolomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Deborde ◽  
Blandine Madji Hounoum ◽  
Annick Moing ◽  
Mickaël Maucourt ◽  
Daniel Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Nmr Metabolomics ◽  
H Nmr

Abstract The long-term effect of a plant (P)-based diet was assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics in rainbow trout fed a marine fish meal (FM)–fish oil (FO) diet (M), a P-based diet and a control commercial-like diet (C) starting with the first feeding. Growth performances were not heavily altered by long-term feeding on the P-based diet. An 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis of the feed revealed significantly different soluble chemical compound profiles between the diets. A set of soluble chemical compounds was found to be specific either to the P-based diet or to the M diet. Pterin, a biomarker of plant feedstuffs, was identified both in the P-based diet and in the plasma of fish fed the P-based diet. 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis on fish plasma and liver and muscle tissues at 6 and 48 h post feeding revealed significantly different profiles between the P-based diet and the M diet, while the C diet showed intermediate results. A higher amino acid content was found in the plasma of fish fed the P-based diet compared with the M diet after 48 h, suggesting either a delayed delivery of the amino acids or a lower amino acid utilisation in the P-based diet. This was associated with an accumulation of essential amino acids and the depletion of glutamine in the muscle, together with an accumulation of choline in the liver. Combined with an anticipated absorption of methionine and lysine supplemented in free form, the present results suggest an imbalanced essential amino acid supply for protein metabolism in the muscle and for specific functions of the liver.

Evaluation of seed amino acid content and its correlation network analysis in wild soybean (Glycine soja) germplasm in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Awatsaya Chotekajorn ◽  
Takuyu Hashiguchi ◽  
Masatsugu Hashiguchi ◽  
Hidenori Tanaka ◽  
Ryo Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content

AbstractWild soybean (Glycine soja) is a valuable genetic resource for soybean improvement. Seed composition profiles provide beneficial information for the effective conservation and utilization of wild soybeans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the variation in free amino acid abundance in the seeds of wild soybean germplasm collected in Japan. The free amino acid content in the seeds from 316 accessions of wild soybean ranged from 0.965 to 5.987 mg/g seed dry weight (DW), representing a 6.2-fold difference. Three amino acids had the highest coefficient of variation (CV): asparagine (1.15), histidine (0.95) and glutamine (0.94). Arginine (0.775 mg/g DW) was the predominant amino acid in wild soybean seeds, whereas the least abundant seed amino acid was glutamine (0.008 mg/g DW). A correlation network revealed significant positive relationships among most amino acids. Wild soybean seeds from different regions of origin had significantly different levels of several amino acids. In addition, a significant correlation between latitude and longitude of the collection sites and the total free amino acid content of seeds was observed. Our study reports diverse phenotypic data on the free amino acid content in seeds of wild soybean resources collected from throughout Japan. This information will be useful in conservation programmes for Japanese wild soybean and for the selection of accessions with favourable characteristics in future legume crop improvement efforts.

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