scholarly journals Modeling the subject areas of psychological research on pain

2020 ◽  
pp. 579-595
Author(s):  
Alexey I. Chuloshnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the description and justification of the author’s model representing possible demarcation of subject areas in psychological and non-psychological studies of the phenomenon of pain. In the first part of the paper, the deficiencies of existing approaches to the study and explanation of pain are analyzed, and the need for rethinking the existing biopsychosocial approach is indicated, which can be done based on the understanding of pain as a phenomenon of mental reflection. As prerequisites for solving and concretizing these problems, we briefly analyze the historically established non-psychological areas of the pain study (physiological, algometric, and humanities-based), within which we identify the main issues and statements about the nature of pain (particularly as a phenomenon of the subjective world). These issues are considered in a more specific form on the basis of methodological difficulties in psychological research on pain. The main questions are formulated, including the following: the relation of the objective basis of pain to the subjective experience; determination of the subject area of psychological research into pain; determination of the categorical status of pain and its relation to other phenomena of the psyche, to the categories of «subject», «personality». In the second part of the article, based on the indicated theoretical and empirical assumptions, a graphical model illustrating potential subject areas of psychological and non-psychological research is derived. The model reflects the place of various pain phenomena within a single selection process, and the exclusion of the information necessary to reflect and regulate the interaction of an organism and a destructive agent at the physiological, mental (direct behavioral regulation), and sociopsychological levels (socially-mediated regulation). In accordance with the levels of ‘pain’ regulation and reflection, we formulate the following: hypothetical scope of the pain concept (the narrow and broad definition); subject areas and their specifics; possible determinants that represent their phenomenology; possible hierarchical relationships of pain reflection levels. The paper also provides an outline of a hypothetical mechanism that connects the process of selecting pain experiences (the content of the subjective picture of pain) to the individual personality characteristics of the subject experiencing pain.

scholarly journals 24. Photographic Astrometry

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240
Author(s):  
Heinrich Eichhorn
Keyword(s):  
Proper Motions ◽  
Direct Imaging ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Near Future

The name of this commission was recently changed from “Parallaxes and Proper Motions”. These data are at this time indeed obtained mostly by the techniques of photographic astrometry, but so is the bulk of relative star positions. It is clear, however, that the nonabsolute determination of relative positions and data derived from them in narrow fields (which describes the scope of this Commission) is going to be carried out more and more also by nonphotographic methods, namely photoelectrically (Earth and satellite based) by interferometry (optical, radio, and speckle) and by direct imaging. This therefore creates considerable overlap with the subject areas and methods of a number of other Commissions, especially Commission 8, and it will be appropriate for Commission 24 in the near future to examine critically the overlapping areas of interest and to come to an agreement about the definition of the proper responsibilities of the individual commissions.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND CAREER MANAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1339-1344
Author(s):  
Baki Koleci
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Career Management ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

We, as individuals, continually through our lives, learn and acquire the knowledge, skill, and skill we expect to help us employ or apply appropriately in order to gain a living and secure our survival. Everyone wants to build a successful career with which he can be proud of his life. However, this is not always so easy and simple, it requires a lot of sacrifices, concessions, compromises with our partners, the family, close social relationships, and finally with ourselves. In this paper, the subject of the research is the determination of career development, career stages, career factors, then expert opinions, the difference between traditional and modern career views, goals pursued by individuals in the career, and so on, Career development can be seen as an experience of individuals (an internal career) and this is not related to an organization. Although the responsibility for career management is in the hands of individuals, individuals, however, organizations can play a key role in shaping and developing careers by providing help and providing support. Career development can not be pursued individually or separately from the personality as a whole, meaning it reflects on the context of life and the development of the person as a whole, not just personality as work. The main goal in career development is to realize the current and future needs and goals of the organization and individuals, which has to do more with developing employment opportunities and improving the skills needed for employment. Career success is reflected in the eyes of the individual and can be defined as a career pleasure through achieving personal goals related to the work, while at the same time enhancing the success and efficiency of the organization.

Fraud at the Central Bank of Tanzania (A)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussa J. Assad
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Forensic Accounting ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject

Subject area The subject areas for this case are auditing, fraud and investigations. It is also relevant for teaching aspects of corporate governance. Student level/applicability This case consolidates techniques and methodologies of special investigations and demonstrates weaknesses in governance and internal controls. It is appropriate for final year undergraduate students and graduate students who have attended classes on basics of accounting and financial reporting. Case overview The case is about institutional governance and the effects of ineptness at different levels of an organization that resulted in TAS. 133 billion being “improperly” paid out to 22 firms in the financial year 2005/2006.The case is structured to focus at the dilemma of the Director of Finance as an individual who featured in the latter stages of an extensive fraud where old unclaimable debts were revived and were being claimed and paid to fictitious assignees involving a number of Central Bank officials. However, the case seeks to interrogate issues related to financial records and controls in which the position of Director of Finance had more relevance. Expected learning outcomes Working on this case should result in enabling students to acquire expertise necessary for forensic accounting. It should also enable students to learn to gain an understanding of the practice of investigative and forensic accounting as well as an understanding of the interrelationships of the parties involved in forensic investigations. Supplementary materials Teaching note.

PERSONAL RESOURCES IN COPING WITH STRESS AMONG PARAMEDICS PART 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-155
Author(s):  
Marzena NETCZUK-GWOŹDZIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Personal Resource ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Coherence Level

The concept of personal resources is used in health psychology in reference to all the factors that help in coping with stress. Moos and Schafer define personal resource as: ‘relatively stable personal and social factors, which influence the way the individual tries to tackle life crises and stress transactions’. Many researchers count the following as important personal resources: social support, ways of coping with stress, self-esteem and self-efficacy, sense of coherence, level of optimism, ability to act assertively, locus of control. Paramedics can be associated with jobs requiring above-average level of both health and psychological costs. Thus, determination of the relation between the sense of coherence and ways of coping with stress will be the subject of this project.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND METHODOLOGICAL SCHEME FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL RESULTS OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6/2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. IGNATOVICH ◽  
Vladlen K. IGNATOVICH
Keyword(s):  
Structural Elements ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Joint Solution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Additional Education ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Creative Tasks

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the individual educational results of students in the process of additional education. This assessment in the concept of the authors is considered as the most important condition for the independent progress of the student along the individual educational trajectory. In this case, the student is the subject of its design. A model for assessing the individual educational results of students in the format of an educational event is proposed. The basic principle is formulated, which consists in fixing activity manifestations in a given situation, which testify to the student's ability to independently solve a creative task. These manifestations include: adequate understanding of the meaning of the problem being solved, competent determination of means and methods for solving it, competent access to various resources, and implementation of productive communications, ability to present and defend the solutions obtained. It is shown that the main components of such an educational event should be: joint solution of original creative tasks by students, expert-analytical support of this activity and free creative communication of different participants. A methodological scheme for the preparation and conduct of such an educational event is described. Its structural elements are: a preliminary analysis of data monitoring the development of students' creative activities; development and testing of a package of creative tasks; preparing a team of experts and equipping it with the necessary tools; development of the Festival program using a variety of creative communication formats of the participants; organization of information and analytical support of the Festival. Recommendations on the preparation of local working spaces for various types of activities of the Festival participants are given.

The Role of Fundamental Knowledge in Solving Problems of the Subject Area “Technology”(From the Point of View of the Project of the Concept of Teaching)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
С. Кутепов ◽  
S. Kutepov
Keyword(s):  
Subject Area ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Technological Education ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Behavior

long-awaited Concept of teaching the subject area “Technology”, the project of which is analyzed in the article,defi nes the problems facing the teacher. The author illustrates these problems and the characterized directions of teaching the subject area “Technology” with the possible fragments of the content of technological education. The author shows which information should be used at the stage of the development of schoolchildren’s basic application skills of the main types of hand tools (electrical including) as a resource for solving technological problems which are the priority results of the mastering the subject area “Technology”. The article suggests the knowledge necessary for ecological education of schoolchildren, formation of their world outlook, provided that the interdisciplinary relations are established. The problems of the environmentally friendly production organically associated with the problems of modern economy allow us to solve the problem of economic education. The article proves that the subject of “Technology” is supposed to create certain patterns of thinking and behavior of schoolchildren, introduce them into the world of professions, and ensure professional self-determination of schoolchildren.

Pursuit Meter II, a Computer-Based Device for Testing Pursuit-Tracking Performance

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Ferslew ◽  
Joseph E. Manno ◽  
Barbara R. Manno ◽  
W. Allen Vekovius ◽  
James M. Hubbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
Pursuit Tracking ◽  
Vertical Location ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Blue Line ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moving Patterns

The Pursuit Meter II, a microcomputer-based device developed for the quantitative determination of human pursuit-tracking performance, is described. Computer-generated moving patterns are displayed on a high resolution color video monitor. For the subject the task is to attempt to superimpose a red line presented on the screen, the vertical location of which he controls with a steering device, over a blue line the computer generates as the problem. Both lines, each composed of 279 segments, are generated at the same rate, left to right on the monitor. The individual differences between the subject's response and the problem are summed and stored by the computer as an error score which correlates inversely to the subject's ability to perform the task. Three Pursuit Meter II problems were presented to 26 male college students. Our data demonstrated that different levels of performance to the problems resulted and that the Pursuit Meter II can be used to quantify human pursuit-tracking performance.

scholarly journals Philosophical conceptualization of evil in the ethical space of Confucianism

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Aleksei Ivanovich Aleksandrov ◽  
Andrei Andreevich Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Virtuous Life ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Ethical Space

The subject of this research is the philosophical conceptualization of evil in the Confucianism. This goal is achieved by solving the following tasks: 1) assessment of Confucianism as a synthesis of the philosophical views of Confucius and Mencius; 2) determination of good and evil as  the contrasting concepts in the ethical space, which is based on the ideal of a “person of high nature” Junzi and the real world of a “petty person"; 3) evaluation of evil as the antipode of good, which is based on the sense of duty and regard of moral rules. The novelty of this research consists in the first within the Russian historical-philosophical literature comparative analysis of the views of Confucius and Mencius upon the nature of evil, examination of the genesis of such representations, and their relevance for modern philosophy. Representations on the nature of good and evil of Confucius and Mencius are based on the contrast within the ethical space of the ideal of a “gentleman” (due) and the reality of a “petty person”. The virtue of a “gentleman” is a means of achieving good; and the virtuous life leads to prosperity of the country. Evil of a “petty person” captured by selfish motives, leads to social demise and political disintegration. Mecius applies same moral principles, which govern the individual’s everyday life, to the political sphere of social existence. The thinker underlines circumscription of the monarchs, indicating that even the monarch – if not a “gentleman”, but merely a “petty person” – can be corrupted by evil, in which case the country faced demise.

scholarly journals Manoeuvring the Complexities of Field Research in Africa: Experiences from Voter Turnout Research in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Fortune Agbele ◽  
Alexander Stroh
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Entry Strategies ◽  
Professional Network ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The Subject

Field research enables interaction between a researcher and research participants, offering an opportunity for the discovery of primary empirical data. As exciting as field research can be, for a novice researcher or research in unfamiliar terrain, community field research can also be daunting. These challenges may include, but are not limited to, the determination of community entry strategies, identification of potential respondents, as well as dealing with the non-availability of respondents. Based on field experiences, this research note offers practical suggestions on how to deal with these challenges within the realm of political science fieldwork. The experiences from a Voter Turnout research in Ghana shared in this note are of particular relevance to field research designs in the subject area of voter participation, focusing on voters as informants rather than experts or members of a professional network. Keywords: Field Research; Political Science; Field Strategies; Voter Turnout.

scholarly journals From feeling to naming: A sensitive approach to managerial newspeak through bullying at work

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Agnès Vandevelde-Rougale
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
Psychosocial Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews

By accessing language, an individual is granted the means to represent experiences and to share meaning. However, ill-being resulting from workplace bullying makes it hard for the subject to put his/her experience into words. I explored this uneasiness through qualitative research conducted through an interdisciplinary approach. My fieldwork led me to raise questions about the influence of modern managerial discourse on the individual and his/her relation to language. After conducting in-depth interviews with individuals confronted with bullying at work and crossing their narratives with information from organisational websites, I suggest that modern managerial discourse hinders the expression of emotions and thereby the understanding of subjective experiences (both the informants’ understanding of their own subjective experience and the understanding of their experiences by others). I argue that this process is rooted in an internalization of managerial discourse, which weakens the subject as it diminishes his/ her enunciative autonomy and limits his/her ability to make sense of his/her emotional experiences. This article considers these findings. Through excerpts from organisational communications, the first part calls on the heuristic dimension of knowing via the senses to question the subjective influence of managerial discourse. The narrative of an experience of workplace bullying then allows for display of the ambivalence of managerial discourse. It appears to be a tool both enabling and hindering subjective expression, as it allows sharing of facts at the expense of sharing emotions. Considering my argument that the internalization of managerial discourse by the subject turns this discourse into “managerial newspeak”, the third and concluding part of the article addresses the issue of sharing understanding of psychosocial processes in scientific work.

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