scholarly journals ELECTORAL LOYALTY AND QUALITY OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN RUSSIAN MUNICIPALITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Margarita Zavadskaya ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Election Commission ◽  
Analysis Point

Local self-government in Russia has undergone a number of transformations - from spontaneous decentralization in the 1990s until the stage-by-stage integration into the state vertical system from 2003-2006. Despite the de facto loss of political and, partly, administrative autonomy, we see a huge diversity in the quality of governance and provision of public goods at the local level. Based on the Database of Municipalities' Characteristics (DMC) of Rosstat from 2008 to 2017 and data from the Central Election Commission (CEC of the Russian Federation), the article presents indices of the quality of the provision of public goods and analyzes the relationship with the Duma voting in 2016 and the budgetary autonomy of the municipality. Despite the continuing centralization of government, researchers still observe an impressive variation in both the formats of political competition and administrative practices in the regions, especially at the local level. The results of the analysis point to a number of patterns: 1. There is no strong link between budget independence and the quality of management; 2. Securing votes does not lead to the attraction of additional resources to the field and may even divert scarce funds and the human resources to technically support this loyalty.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Violence Estimation in Russia through a Retrospective Youth Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
E.N. Volkova ◽  
I.V. Volkova ◽  
O.M. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. Estimating the prevalence of violence among children born in Russia in the 1980s, in the early 1990s and in the late 1990s using a retrospective youth survey. Background. Assessing the prevalence of a child abuse is an unresolved scientific and methodological problem. There are disagreements in approaches to assess the prevalence of violence, in interpreting the results. However, the main problem is the problem of reliable measuring instruments. Many studies show a wide variability in estimating prevalence and even in compared parameters; even greater discrepancies arise when it comes to identifying the factors and consequences of child abuse. Such a wide variability of estimation is associated with the insufficient quality of the measuring instruments and research procedures themselves. Study design. The sampling analyzed data on the prevalence of violence among “post-Soviet children”, “children of the 90s” and “children of the 21st century”. The presence and nature of the relationship was checked using methods of mathematical statistics (correlation analysis and analysis of the significance of differences). Participants. The study sample consisted of 537 people aged 18 to 24 years (M=20.23, SD=1.84) living in the Russian Federation. The 2006 sample of respondents included 144 people (25,7% of boys, 74,3% of girls), 2012 — 203 people (36,4% of boys, 63,6% of girls), 2018 — 190 people (35,7% of boys, 64,3% of girls). Measurements. International Questionnaire ICAST-R (ICAST-Retrospective) (adapted by E.N. Volkova, O.M. Isaeva). Results. A comparative analysis of the prevalence of violence among “children of the 21st cen¬tury”, “post-Soviet children” and “children of the 90s” showed that there is more similarity between these groups than differences in the severity of types, forms of violence and their frequency of occurrence (with the exception of cases of sexual violence, the percentage of cases of which is significantly reduced from the 2006 study to the 2018th year). Conclusions. A retrospective survey of young people using ICAST-R allows you to assess the prevalence of violence among children, as well as the state of the child protection system from violence and the content of public perceptions regarding child abuse.

scholarly journals Governance, economic policy, and the environmental Kuznets curve for natural tropical forests

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADHUSUDAN BHATTARAI ◽  
MICHAEL HAMMIG
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Technology Improvement ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of the relationship between income and the rate of deforestation of tropical natural forests. The inverted U-shaped relationship known as the environmental Kuznets curve is confirmed. The study focuses on the role of institutions and macroeconomic policy in the deforestation process. Results indicate that the quality of governance is an important determinant of forest resource preservation, and that rural population pressure is not as important as suggested by other studies. Agricultural technology improvement and enhanced educational attainment also lead to reductions of deforestation rates.

How Do Violent Politicians Govern? The Case of Paramilitary-Tied Mayors in Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sarah Zukerman Daly
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract How do politicians with coercive linkages govern? This article relies on original data on militia-linked mayors in Colombia from 1988 to 2015 derived from 42,000 pages of Colombian Supreme Court sentencing documents. Using a regression discontinuity design, it examines the governance records of militia-tied mayors who won the elections by a narrow margin. It finds that being ruled by a militia-linked mayor significantly reduces levels of insecurity and crime, but has pernicious effects on the provision of other public goods, especially education. I theorize that these politicians' (perverse) comparative advantage on security, combined with their crowding out of social spending, engenders these outcomes. I evaluate these mechanisms with data on the nature of paramilitary–mayor alliances, police reinforcements, municipal budgets, politicians' Twitter feeds, and in-depth interviews with paramilitary commanders and politicians. The article has implications for understanding the effects of voting for politicians with coercive ties on the quality of governance and democracy.

The challenge of addressing consumption pollutants with fiscal policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregmar I. Galinato ◽  
Asif Islam
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe authors develop a theoretical model that elucidates the relationship between the quality of governance, the composition of government spending and pollution as a by-product of the consumption process. In particular, they determine the impact of government spending that alleviates market failure such as subsidies to the poor which reduce credit market failure and environmental regulations to correct for pollution externality. It is found that a shift in government spending towards goods that alleviate market failure has countervailing effects – consumption pollution rises due to increases in income, but consumption pollution also falls due to increasing environmental regulations. Conditional on the government adopting a democratic regime, the effect through environmental regulations outweighs the effect through income leading to lower consumption pollution. The authors estimate an empirical model and find that the results support their theoretical predictions.

scholarly journals Local-Level Accountability in a Dominant Party System

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Wegner
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Local Level ◽  
African National Congress ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates accountability in South Africa’s dominant party system by studying how the African National Congress (ANC) reacts to electoral incentives at the local level. It compares the ANC’s degree of responsiveness to voters across municipalities with different levels of political competition. The analysis focuses on whether and under which conditions the ANC is more likely to renominate better quality municipal councillors. It examines the relationship between renomination as ANC municipal councillor and local government performance – as measured by voter signals, service delivery and audit outcomes. The results show that the ANC does indeed adapt its behaviour to electoral incentives. In municipalities where the ANC has larger margins of victory, performance matters little for renomination. In contrast, in municipalities with higher electoral competition, local government performance is strongly correlated with renomination. These results suggest the need to expand dominant party research to topics of voter responsiveness and sub-national behaviour.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Conflict Events in Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mansoob Murshed ◽  
Muhammad Badiuzzaman ◽  
Rashel Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Horizontal Inequality ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Conflict Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vertical Inequality

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between food insecurity and conflict events short of war in Africa, taking account of a host of mediating factors, including the degree of inequality, the level of development, democratic quality, quality of governance and the degree of government expenditure, which we incorporate into our analysis. Our results suggest that food price volatility does contribute significantly to conflict events measured by political events in Africa (ACLED). Greater democracy can engender more conflict, but in a non-linear fashion. The broader V-DEM participatory index of democracy also encourages more protest. Our governance variables are significant, emphasising the salience of state capacity in this regard. An innovation of our study is the inclusion of inequality. We deploy two metrics of vertical inequality: the GINI coefficient and the broader V-DEM egalitarian index. The GINI index of income inequality has a counter-intuitive statistically insignificant sign, suggesting that greater income equality or middle-class share of income results in greater political unrest. We also utilise political measures of inter-group horizontal inequality which significantly engender conflict risk.

scholarly journals It matters to be in good hands: the relationship between good governance and pandemic spread inferred from cross-country COVID-19 data

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munirul H. Nabin ◽  
Mohammad Tarequl Hasan Chowdhury ◽  
Sukanto Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between good governance and pandemic control using month-wise COVID-19 pandemic data within a time window from April to September 2020. The study argues that countries with better governance are more capable of adopting and implementing appropriate policies and that such governments are considered more trustworthy by their people. Combined, these factors enable such countries to better control a pandemic like COVID-19. Using several measures of good governance and two measures of pandemic spread, namely the COVID-19 positive rate and the COVID-19 growth rate, this paper tests its argument econometrically in a sample of 185 countries. The results show the existence of a significant inverse relationship between all measures of good governance, and the COVID-19 positive and growth rates. The significant inverse relationship largely persists even after controlling for continent-fixed effects and a host of geographic, demographic, and socio-economic factors. This indicates the presence of a strong systemic linkage between quality of governance and pandemic control. The findings empirically strengthen the argument of eminent medical historians concerning the importance of effective governmental intervention for epidemic control. The study reveals that the quality of governance is a key factor in a country’s success in pandemic management and encourages further investigation.

scholarly journals Corporate governance and firm performance: New evidence from Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Mariana Vieira ◽  
Andre Carvalhal da Silva ◽  
Otavio Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between governance and firm performance has been vastly studied in the academic literature. Although most studies indicate a positive relation between governance and performance, this result is not clear and conclusive to many experts. This paper uses a new methodology to analyze the relation between governance and performance. We compute the change in the quality of governance and classify the firms into three groups (positive, neutral and negative variation). Then we calculate the current and future performance for each group and check if there is a relation between changes in governance and firm performance. Analyzing Brazilian data from 2002 to 2008, our results indicate that positive (negative) changes on corporate governance are associated with positive (negative) changes on firm performance

Effect of quality of governance on the relationship between illicit financial flows and economic growth

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazlina Mohd Padil ◽  
Eley Suzana Kasim ◽  
Fazlida Mohd Razali ◽  
Ruhaya Atan ◽  
Haziq Aminullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Illicit Financial Flows ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the study aims to examine the direct effect of illicit financial flows (IFF) and quality of governance (QoG) on economic growth. Second, this study seeks to examine the moderating effect of QoG on the economic consequences of IFF. Design/methodology/approach This study collected data from nine The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries for the period of 10 years from 2008 to 2019. The study concerned an analysis of the testing of a conceptual framework which based on secondary data which may lack a comprehensive substantiation on the grounds of measurement theory. A partial least squares (PLS) modelling using the SmartPLS 3.2.8 version was used as a statistical tool to examine the measurement and structural model. Findings Key findings provide empirical support on the effect of IFF and QoG on economic growth. It also confirmed that QoG significantly moderated the relationship between IFF and economic growth by reducing the negative impact of IFF on economic growth. Practical implications Immediate corrective action needs to be implemented by policymakers of ASEAN countries to strengthen QoG to effectively curb IIF activities. Originality/value This study provides current empirical evidence on the relationship of IFF, QoG and economic growth within ASEAN countries.

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