scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Conflict Events in Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mansoob Murshed ◽  
Muhammad Badiuzzaman ◽  
Rashel Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Horizontal Inequality ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Conflict Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vertical Inequality

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between food insecurity and conflict events short of war in Africa, taking account of a host of mediating factors, including the degree of inequality, the level of development, democratic quality, quality of governance and the degree of government expenditure, which we incorporate into our analysis. Our results suggest that food price volatility does contribute significantly to conflict events measured by political events in Africa (ACLED). Greater democracy can engender more conflict, but in a non-linear fashion. The broader V-DEM participatory index of democracy also encourages more protest. Our governance variables are significant, emphasising the salience of state capacity in this regard. An innovation of our study is the inclusion of inequality. We deploy two metrics of vertical inequality: the GINI coefficient and the broader V-DEM egalitarian index. The GINI index of income inequality has a counter-intuitive statistically insignificant sign, suggesting that greater income equality or middle-class share of income results in greater political unrest. We also utilise political measures of inter-group horizontal inequality which significantly engender conflict risk.

scholarly journals Governance, economic policy, and the environmental Kuznets curve for natural tropical forests

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADHUSUDAN BHATTARAI ◽  
MICHAEL HAMMIG
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Technology Improvement ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Relationship

This paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of the relationship between income and the rate of deforestation of tropical natural forests. The inverted U-shaped relationship known as the environmental Kuznets curve is confirmed. The study focuses on the role of institutions and macroeconomic policy in the deforestation process. Results indicate that the quality of governance is an important determinant of forest resource preservation, and that rural population pressure is not as important as suggested by other studies. Agricultural technology improvement and enhanced educational attainment also lead to reductions of deforestation rates.

The challenge of addressing consumption pollutants with fiscal policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregmar I. Galinato ◽  
Asif Islam
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe authors develop a theoretical model that elucidates the relationship between the quality of governance, the composition of government spending and pollution as a by-product of the consumption process. In particular, they determine the impact of government spending that alleviates market failure such as subsidies to the poor which reduce credit market failure and environmental regulations to correct for pollution externality. It is found that a shift in government spending towards goods that alleviate market failure has countervailing effects – consumption pollution rises due to increases in income, but consumption pollution also falls due to increasing environmental regulations. Conditional on the government adopting a democratic regime, the effect through environmental regulations outweighs the effect through income leading to lower consumption pollution. The authors estimate an empirical model and find that the results support their theoretical predictions.

scholarly journals It matters to be in good hands: the relationship between good governance and pandemic spread inferred from cross-country COVID-19 data

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munirul H. Nabin ◽  
Mohammad Tarequl Hasan Chowdhury ◽  
Sukanto Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Significant Inverse Relationship ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between good governance and pandemic control using month-wise COVID-19 pandemic data within a time window from April to September 2020. The study argues that countries with better governance are more capable of adopting and implementing appropriate policies and that such governments are considered more trustworthy by their people. Combined, these factors enable such countries to better control a pandemic like COVID-19. Using several measures of good governance and two measures of pandemic spread, namely the COVID-19 positive rate and the COVID-19 growth rate, this paper tests its argument econometrically in a sample of 185 countries. The results show the existence of a significant inverse relationship between all measures of good governance, and the COVID-19 positive and growth rates. The significant inverse relationship largely persists even after controlling for continent-fixed effects and a host of geographic, demographic, and socio-economic factors. This indicates the presence of a strong systemic linkage between quality of governance and pandemic control. The findings empirically strengthen the argument of eminent medical historians concerning the importance of effective governmental intervention for epidemic control. The study reveals that the quality of governance is a key factor in a country’s success in pandemic management and encourages further investigation.

scholarly journals ELECTORAL LOYALTY AND QUALITY OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN RUSSIAN MUNICIPALITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Margarita Zavadskaya ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Election Commission ◽  
Analysis Point

Local self-government in Russia has undergone a number of transformations - from spontaneous decentralization in the 1990s until the stage-by-stage integration into the state vertical system from 2003-2006. Despite the de facto loss of political and, partly, administrative autonomy, we see a huge diversity in the quality of governance and provision of public goods at the local level. Based on the Database of Municipalities' Characteristics (DMC) of Rosstat from 2008 to 2017 and data from the Central Election Commission (CEC of the Russian Federation), the article presents indices of the quality of the provision of public goods and analyzes the relationship with the Duma voting in 2016 and the budgetary autonomy of the municipality. Despite the continuing centralization of government, researchers still observe an impressive variation in both the formats of political competition and administrative practices in the regions, especially at the local level. The results of the analysis point to a number of patterns: 1. There is no strong link between budget independence and the quality of management; 2. Securing votes does not lead to the attraction of additional resources to the field and may even divert scarce funds and the human resources to technically support this loyalty.

scholarly journals Corporate governance and firm performance: New evidence from Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Mariana Vieira ◽  
Andre Carvalhal da Silva ◽  
Otavio Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between governance and firm performance has been vastly studied in the academic literature. Although most studies indicate a positive relation between governance and performance, this result is not clear and conclusive to many experts. This paper uses a new methodology to analyze the relation between governance and performance. We compute the change in the quality of governance and classify the firms into three groups (positive, neutral and negative variation). Then we calculate the current and future performance for each group and check if there is a relation between changes in governance and firm performance. Analyzing Brazilian data from 2002 to 2008, our results indicate that positive (negative) changes on corporate governance are associated with positive (negative) changes on firm performance

Household Food Insecurity and Health-related Quality of Life in an Urban Adult Population in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
Ali Gholami ◽  
Leila M. Jahromi ◽  
Mehran Shams-Beyranvand ◽  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Shohreh Naderimagham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Components

Background: The relationship between food insecurity and mental and physical components of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been less addressed by healthcare professionals. Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between household food insecurity and mental and physical components of HRQOL in a large sample of urban people and to determine whether household food insecurity has a negative effect on mental and physical components of HRQOL. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted across twenty-two districts of Tehran (capital of Iran) during 2011. The participants were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. Two questionnaires were used to measure household food insecurity and HRQOL in the study population, while descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to test the relationships between these two parameters. Results: The mean age of the study population was 44.5 ± 15.5 years and most were female (64.8%). The results of this study indicated an independent relationship between household food insecurity and different subscales of HRQOL (P<0.001). Household food insecurity had a significant negative relationship with physical (β= -5.93; P<0.001) and mental (β= -6.54; P<0.001) summary scores of HRQOL. Likewise, average scores on all subscales of HRQOL according to household food security status were significantly different (P<0.001). Conclusion: Food insecurity was associated with mental and physical components of HRQOL among urban participants and can be considered as a part of comprehensive interventions that target to improve general health.

Effect of quality of governance on the relationship between illicit financial flows and economic growth

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazlina Mohd Padil ◽  
Eley Suzana Kasim ◽  
Fazlida Mohd Razali ◽  
Ruhaya Atan ◽  
Haziq Aminullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Illicit Financial Flows ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the study aims to examine the direct effect of illicit financial flows (IFF) and quality of governance (QoG) on economic growth. Second, this study seeks to examine the moderating effect of QoG on the economic consequences of IFF. Design/methodology/approach This study collected data from nine The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries for the period of 10 years from 2008 to 2019. The study concerned an analysis of the testing of a conceptual framework which based on secondary data which may lack a comprehensive substantiation on the grounds of measurement theory. A partial least squares (PLS) modelling using the SmartPLS 3.2.8 version was used as a statistical tool to examine the measurement and structural model. Findings Key findings provide empirical support on the effect of IFF and QoG on economic growth. It also confirmed that QoG significantly moderated the relationship between IFF and economic growth by reducing the negative impact of IFF on economic growth. Practical implications Immediate corrective action needs to be implemented by policymakers of ASEAN countries to strengthen QoG to effectively curb IIF activities. Originality/value This study provides current empirical evidence on the relationship of IFF, QoG and economic growth within ASEAN countries.

scholarly journals Editorial: Researching the relations between governance characteristics and sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Tommaso
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Earning Management ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Regulatory Governance ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This issue includes the papers devoted to very topical issues ranging from the influence of corporate governance on social and environmental responsibility to the impact of audit committee characteristics on earning management; from the relationship between quality of governance and quality of assets to the linkage between regulatory governance and financial stability of nations. These are issues debated in the theoretical and empirical studies of recent years that the authors of the articles in this issue examine with reference to contexts not yet explored and/or giving rise to a number of interesting and original conclusions.

scholarly journals Democracy and Prevention of Corruption in the European Legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Ada Guven
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Corruption Prevention ◽  
The Relationship

This article discuses the concept of democracy, corruption and the relationship between. Democracy and corruption have been perceived to be in a close and complex relationship with each other. Scholars have argued that a solid link exist between them. When democracy weakens, we can almost certainly expect an increase in corruption due to the attrition of institutional checks and balances, independence of courts and frequent restriction of the space for civil society actions and political rights of citizens. The paper analyses the large impact corruption has on democracy, and the states sustained efforts to limit corruption can improve the strength of democracy by promoting just and competitive elections, ensuring better quality and delivery of public services and improving citizens' trust in political institutions and governments. The paper in the second part observes the legal norms approved by the European legislation concerning the fight against corruption, it seems possible to outline an emerging model of corruption prevention by concluding that the effort of European and national legislation to limit corruption should be a contribution to the consolidation of democratic regimes and efforts to improve the quality of governance.

scholarly journals How Effective Is Fiscal Decentralization for Inequality Reduction in Developing Countries?

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Kumba Digdowiseiso ◽  
Syed M. Murshed ◽  
Sylvia I. Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Horizontal Inequality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vertical Inequality ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The relationship between fiscal decentralization and vertical inequality has long received attention by fiscal federalism theorists. However, horizontal inequality has been largely overlooked. This study will present a novel empirical examination of the relationship between fiscal decentralization, vertical inequality, and horizontal inequality. Specifically, it will focus on how institutional quality and military expenditure affect the fiscal decentralization–inequality nexus across 33 developing countries in the period 1990–2014. Findings indicate that varieties of fiscal authority have a significant effect on distribution of income and ethnic inequality. This depends on the level of institutions and defense spending achieved by these developing countries.

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