scholarly journals PATH DEPENDENCE, POLITICS OF TIME AND METAMORPHOSIS OF HISTORY

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Z. A. Chekantseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Culture ◽  
Practice Culture ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Path dependence, used in social sciences to model phenomena of various natures, provides an opportunity to reflect on how knowledge about the past works. In the new millennium, the ethos of history and its role in the lives of people occupy a large place in transdisciplinary research programs and discussions, in which not only historians, but also philosophers and representatives of all sciences, without exception, participate. It is connected with rethinking the conceptual foundations of historical knowledge and the formation of a new historical culture. The article discuss- Path dependence … 15 es modern controversial trends in the epistemology of historiography related to the problems of historical dynamics and such basic concepts for historical knowledge as historicity, historical time, and the politics of time. Analysis of avant-garde trends in intellectual culture allows us to show how changes occur in the understanding and production of the historical. In the context of a rapidly changing world and a radical renewal of temporal experience, the discovery of the politics of time, the rethinking of historicity, and the search for high-quality historical time clarify the specifics of modern historical research, which is born at the intersection of theory and practice. Culture affirms the idea of the performative role of history and historians in our time. Historians do not just study the past; they participate in forming historicity and the temporal regime in which they live, helping people analyze life situations, make decisions, form the rules of communication, and create "institutions" as basic cultural structures that determine life in the present and allow them to find resources for thinking about the future.

The Concept of the ‘Living Constitution’ in Russian Constitutional Theory and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 416-445
Author(s):  
Caroline von Gall
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Margin Of Appreciation

Abstract In discussing the concept of the ‘living constitution’ in Russian constitutional theory and practice, this paper shows that the Russian concept of the living constitution differs from U.S. or European approaches to evolutive interpretation. The Russian concept has its roots in Soviet and pre-revolutionary Russian constitutional thinking. It reduces the normative power of the Constitution but allows an interpretation according to changing social conditions and gives the legislator a broad margin of appreciation. Whereas the 1993 Russian constitutional reform had been regarded as a paradigm shift with the intention to break with the past by declaring that the Constitution shall have supreme judicial force and direct effect, the paper also gives answers to the complexity of constitutional change and legal transplants and the role of constitutional theory and practice for the functioning of the current authoritarian regime in Russia.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lambert ◽  
Björn Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Transfer ◽  
Community Or ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Historical Culture ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Recurrent Patterns

This chapter summarises key findings of the volume: the variety of media employed in the production of the past; the usefulness of historical culture as a concept that enables comparisons across cultures and periods; and the insights it offers into wider intellectual, cultural and political debates within a community or culture. The chapter further suggests three potential avenues for future research: the role of women as producers and agents of historical culture; the nature and operation of cultural transfer in the production of historical culture; and the question whether recurrent patterns in the fashioning of the past can be detected across geographical, cultural and chronological boundaries.

scholarly journals Forming the Legal Avant-Garde: A Theory of Art/Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 174387211987183
Author(s):  
Lucy Finchett-Maddock
Keyword(s):  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Political Aesthetics ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
End Of Art ◽  
Legal Aesthetics

This piece seeks to account for an increased interest in the intersection of art and law within legal thinking, activism and artistic practice, arguing there to exist the phenomena and movement of ‘art/law’. Art/law is the coming together of theory and practice in legal and political aesthetics, understood as a practice, (im)materially performed. It is seen as a natural consequence of thinking law and resistance in terms of space and time, accounting for a turn towards the visual, the practical and the role of affect, within ways of knowing. Art/law is a symptom of the end of art and end of law, synchronically rendered. Divisions between legal and aesthetic form have been well rehearsed within legal aesthetics scholarship, from law and literature, to critical legal studies’ work with images, text and performativity, and now law’s Anthropocene. Art/law as a practice, however, is argued as an emergent onto-epistemic-ethics of necessity, a movement of seeing, being and knowing in response to the advancement of spectacle. It is the simultaneous reunion of law, art and resistance as one, breaking down the institutional artifice of art worlds and law worlds, offering a form of ‘resistant (in)formalism’, that accounts for matter and change and asserts convergence as a medium. It is an inclusion of the uncertain and the disordered, that is an opening for the audience. This resistant (in)formalism describes the role of form, audience and practice within property, legal and aesthetic establishment, offering a countering of separatism at the end of art and the end of law, through a praxeology of art/law in seeing, thinking and action.

POLITICAL ATHEISM: THE SECULARIZATION AND LIBERALIZATION OF AMERICAN PUBLIC LIFE

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID SEHAT
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Public Reason ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overlapping Consensus ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Past

The United States is a deeply Christian country, but over the last sixty years American public culture has become increasingly detached from religious concerns. Christian activists, when not speaking within the Republican Party, have had to assert their privilege in a way that they never had to do in the past. In spite of their efforts, the role of Christianity in culture and politics has seen a more or less continuous decline. This essay examines how and why that process occurred. It puts forward a schematic narrative that relies on the concepts of public reason, the avant-garde, and an overlapping consensus to explain how different people came together in the mid-twentieth century to secularize and liberalize American public life.

Anatomizing the Past: Physicians and History in Renaissance Culture*

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Siraisi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Culture ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Culture

In many different ways Renaissance physicians concerned themselves with the reading and writing of history. This article examines the role of historical interests in learned medical culture and the participation of physicians in the broader historical culture of the period.

scholarly journals El problema del tiempo histórico, el rol del historiador y la escritura de la historia. Convergencias y divergencias filosóficas en las obras de Walter Benjamin, Jacques Rancière y Reinhart Koselleck

2018 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez López
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Jacques Ranciere ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Knowl Edge ◽  
Jacques Rancière ◽  
Pure Knowledge

Resumen:En el estado actual de las relaciones interdisciplinarias de los saberes científicos, la historia, como disciplina científica, plantearía una situación particular. No se trata de un saber puro que se cierra sobre sí mismo en la especificidad de una lengua de especialistas, sino de una composición de conocimientos sobre múltiples temporalidades heterogéneas que convergen en la materia misma de su ejercicio científico, esto es, la mirada al pasado. Así, posiciones teóricas tan distanciadas sobre el conocimiento histórico, como las de Walter Benjamin, Jacques Rancière y Reinhart Ko- selleck, dan cuenta de esta apertura disciplinaria de la historia hacia los saberes y tiempos que la componen. Un estudio sobre el concepto de “tiempo histórico” y sobre la figura del historiador en estos pensadores es la tarea que nos hemos propuesto para demostrarlo.Palabras clave: Walter Benjamin - Jacques Rancière - Reinhart Koselleck – tiempo histórico – historiografíaAbstract:In the current state of interdisciplinary relations among scientific knowl- edge, history – as a scientific discipline –would pose a particular situation. It is not a pure knowledge closed in the specificity of a specialist language, but a composition of knowledge about multiple heterogeneous temporali- ties converging in the very subject of its scientific exercise, that is, looking into the past. Thus, theoretical positions about historical knowledge, such Walter Benjamin’s, Jacques Rancière’s and Reinhart Koselleck’s, account for this disciplinary opening of history towards knowledge and times comprising it. A study about the concept of “historical time” and the figure of the historian in these thinkers is the task we have proposed to demonstrate it.Keywords: Walter Benjamin - Jacques Rancière - Reinhart Koselleck – historical time – historiographyResumo:No estado atual das relações interdisciplinares dos saberes científicos, a história, como disciplina científica, proporia uma situação particular. Não se trata de um saber puro que fica fechado em si mesmo, na especificidade de uma língua de especialistas, mas de uma composição de conhecimen- tos sobre múltiplas temporalidades heterogêneas que convergem na matéria mesma do seu exercício científico, isto é, o olhar para o passado. Assim, posições teóricas tão distanciadas sobre o conhecimento histórico, como as de Walter Benjamin, Jacques Rancière e Reinhart Koselleck, dão conta desta abertura disciplinar da história perante os diversos saberes e tempos que a compõem. Um estudo sobre o conceito do “tempo his- tórico” e sobre a figura do historiador nestes pensadores é a tarefa que nos temos proposto para demonstrá-lo.Palavras-chave: Walter Benjamin - Jacques Rancière - Reinhart Koselleck – tempo histórico – historiografia

scholarly journals Narrative, history, and fiction: history games as boundary works

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helyom Viana Telles ◽  
Lynn Alves
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Doctoral Study ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electronic Games ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Literary Narrative

This work arises from the reflections generated by a post-doctoral study that investigates how history games can contribute to the production and dissemination of representations, pictures, and imaginaries of the past. We understand history games to be digital electronic games whose structure contains narratives or simulations of historical elements (Neves, 2010). The term notion of “border works” is used by Glezer and Albieri (2009) to discuss the role of literary and artistic works that, standing outside the historiographical field and having a fictional character, are forms of the dissemination of historical knowledge and approximation with the past. We want to show how, under the impact of the linguistic turn, the boundaries between history and fiction have been blurred. Authors such as White (1995) and Veyne (2008) found both a convergence with and identification between historical narrative and literary narrative that interrogates the epistemological status of history as a science. These critiques result in an appreciation of fictional works as both knowledge and the dissemination of historical knowledge of the past. We then examine the elements of the audiovisual narratives of electronic games (Calleja, 2013; Frasca, 1999; Jull, 2001; Murray, 2003; Zagalo, 2009) in an attempt to understand their specificity. Next, we investigate the place of the narrative and historical simulations of electronic games in contemporary culture (Fogu, 2009). Finally, we discuss how historical knowledge is appropriated and represented by history games (Arruda, 2009; Kusiak, 2002) and analyze their impact on the production of a historical consciousness or an imaginary about the past.

scholarly journals Changing the World Through Poetry: Confessions, Poems and Banners of Adam Borzič

Porównania ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Markéta Kittlová
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Social Role ◽  
First Century ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This study focuses on Adam Borzič, one of the most distinctive contemporary Czech poets. The study contextualises his work within current Czech poetry but also examines his other work that is not strictly classified as art as though it were cultural work with avant-garde features. It investigates four volumes of Borzič’s work in terms of the changes in the author’s creative gesture, which expands from his conviction that the world is at a turning point and the avant-garde longing to change the world by poetry. In the four volumes of Borzič’s poetry (written so far), this gesture is embodied through delicately intimate, acutely physical, or even gigantically all-embracing positions, where he employs motives of the heart, head, hand and mouth. The study attempts to evaluate the change in Borzič’s work in the lightof T. S. Eliot’s understanding of the social role of poetry and avant-garde longing to change reality through art. The Czech poet, Adam Borzič, is one of the most distinctive figures of the current Czech literary scene. His poetry is distinct because of its unique gesture andalso represents a strong current in the poetry production of the past decade with its emphasis on the social function of poetry7 and the poet’s role as somebody who should nurture the world through his/her work or even change it. This study attempts to portray Borzič’s work as focused on the mentioned topics and related issues of the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century and renew interest in them, contextualise his work within current Czech poetry but also investigate his other work, which is not strictly artistic but which possesses some avant-garde features.

scholarly journals How to consider history in landscape ecology: patterns, processes, and pathways

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Tappeiner ◽  
Georg Leitinger ◽  
Anita Zariņa ◽  
Matthias Bürgi
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Event Chains ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Context Landscape ecology early on developed the awareness that central objects of investigation are not stable over time and therefore the historical dimension must be included, or at least considered. Objectives This paper considers the importance of history in landscape ecology in terms of its impact on patterns and processes and proposes to complement these with the notion of pathways in order to provide a comprehensive analysis of landscape change. Methods We develop a conceptual framework distinguishing between legacy effects, which include pattern and processes, and path dependence, with a focus of development pathways and we illustrate these perspectives by empirical examples. Results Combined short- to long-lasting imprints and legacies of historical patterns and processes reveal how present patterns and processes are in various ways influenced by legacies of the past. The focus on inherent dynamics of development pathways sheds light on the process of change itself, and its trajectories, and reveals the role of event chains and institutional reproduction. Conclusions Understanding patterns, processes, and pathways over time, allows a more complete analysis of landscape change, and forms the base to preserve vital ecosystem services of both human-made and natural landscapes for the future.

La responsabilità morale dello storico

2009 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Bronislaw Baczko
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Principle Of Relativity ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Over Time

- Historical knowledge is tied in a thousand ways to the anxieties, conflicts, to antinomies and to the demands of our era. It is in the name of our present that interrogates the past. It possesses a degree of expressive character: voicing the present where one is born and lives. So, therefore the historian is not an impartial and static observer of the past and the ever-dominate present. He must remain in the perspective of the present-day and the historical moment in which he lives. But no «present» is ever really finished. One might think that no moral code is consistent with the principle of relativity of knowledge, that the researcher is inevitably partial and runs the risk of deformation and ideological sublimation. It may also be that history has taken a far too long function of magistra vitae in social awareness. It does not seem to arouse any distrust towards our time. In fact, the disproportion between the anonymous «fate» on one side - the decisions bearing on the existence of humanity and its future destiny - and, on the other hand, the possibility of individual action is today such that history seems pointless for the rationalization of the present. The attitude towards historical knowledge is also influenced by the fact that it is a subject far too easy to exploit and manipulate by power and propaganda, penalizing values often variable and contradictory. The historical-humanist has often been reduced to the role of technical - propagandist. In his research, he cannot make «partial» choices between true and false. The awareness of the relativity of values and of their variability over time, does not change anything in the absolute moral character of historical research. The total moral responsibility of the historian cannot be relieved by anyone. An historian, precisely, must explore the past to get to the truth; he is morally obligated and has no right to falsify.Key words: present, pass, historical knowledge, "to be a historian", responsibility, relativism, moral code.Parole chiave: presente, passato, conoscenza storica, "essere uno storico", responsabilità, relativismo, codice morale.

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