scholarly journals Lorenzo de Monacis: A vérszopó Ezerino borzalmas története

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
László András Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
Venetian Republic ◽  
Over Time

Even in the early twentieth century, northern Italian children were intimidated by the Bloodsucker Ezerino. We find Ezerino or Ezzelino Da Romano (1194-1259) also in the seventh circle of Dante's Hell, but the horror tale of the cruel tyrant has been mentioned in several romantic literary works as well. The reign of the Ghibellin Ezerino could only be terminated by the alliance of the Pope, the Lombard League and the Venetian Republic through a crusade against the tyrant, but its terror and the hatred of his opponents left their mark on later narratives as well. Later analysts pointed out that most of the horrors detailed here may only have been exaggerations or fictions with which the victors tried to defeat the former deadly enemy – as we have already seen by a few examples. But also the history of the 20th century demonstrates clearly that there is no unimaginable horror committed by man over time. Our presented text is the 13th chapter of an early 15th century Venetian chronicle. The first half of the story is a slightly confusing story of petty family quarrels, wealth-seeking tricks, minor skirmishes, but later there are unfolding terrible events before our very eyes that remember the tragedy of Richard the III. We can see how an average nobleman became an almost unearthly evil, paranoid tyrant by the end of his life. The narrative is slowly rising from the middle of the text to literary niveau and deepens into an impressive tyrannical biography framed by the completely meaningless Guelf-Ghibelline wars. Its pages are populated by historical and supra-historical figures: ruthless mercenaries, cruel hangmen keeping the account of their victims, family members whistleblowing each order, self-whipping flagellants, diligent denunciators and humiliated truncated children liberated from their prison as living sceletons.

scholarly journals Lviv as the cradle of Polish independence organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-545
Author(s):  
Janusz Zuziak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Lviv occupies a special place in the history of Poland. With its heroic history, it has earned the exceptionally honorable name of a city that has always been faithful to the homeland. SEMPER FIDELIS – always faithful. Marshal Józef Piłsudski sealed that title while decorating the city with the Order of Virtuti Militari in 1920. The past of Lviv, the always smoldering and uncompromising Polish revolutionist spirit, the climate, and the atmosphere that prevailed in it created the right conditions for making it the center of thought and independence movement in the early 20th century. In the early twentieth century, Polish independence organizations of various political orientations were established, from the ranks of which came legions of prominent Polish politicians and military and social activists.

scholarly journals Renouncing the World and Taking Ordination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2021/1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Teleki
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Written Sources

The 20th century brought different periods in the history of Mongolia including theocracy, socialism and democracy. This article describes what renouncing the world (especially the home and the family), taking ordination, and taking monastic vows meant at the turn of the 20th century and a century later. Extracts from interviews reveal the life of pre-novices, illustrating their family backgrounds, connections with family members after ordination, and support from and towards the family. The master-disciple relationship which was of great significance in Vajrayāna tradition, is also described. As few written sources are available to study monks’ family ties, the research was based on interviews recorded with old monks who lived in monasteries in their childhood (prior to 1937), monks who were ordained in 1990, and pre-novices of the current Tantric monastic school of Gandantegčenlin Monastery. The interviews revealed similarities and differences in monastic life in given periods due to historical reasons. Though Buddhism could not attain its previous, absolutely dominant role in Mongolia after the democratic changes, nowadays tradition and innovation exist in parallel.

scholarly journals El discurso del civismo en Pereira o la "sacralidad" de lo público durante el siglo XX

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jaime Correa Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Local History ◽  
Civic Discourse ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rotary Club ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

La referencia constante al civismo es uno de los rasgos más distintivos de la historia urbana de Pereira. Al igual que en muchas ciudades colombianas, la ideología del civismo asume la necesidad de establecer una especie de simbiosis entre la ciudad, sus espacios públicos y sus ciudadanos, tanto en lo material como en lo espiritual. En el caso de Pereira se busca identificar los aspectos más relevantes del discurso cívico que desarrollaron entidades como la Sociedad de Mejoras y el Club Rotario a través de diferentes medios escritos, poniendo especial énfasis en los valores morales que debían exhibir los ciudadanos cívicos o los "ciudadanos de bien" de la ciudad, en el proceso de transformación y modernización vivido a lo largo del siglo XX.Palabras clave: discurso, civismo, prensa, clubes y sociedades, historia local, siglo XX.The discourse of civism in Pereira, or The “sacredness” of public matters during the 20th century AbstractThe constant reference to civism is one of the most distinct characteristics of the urban history of Pereira. Similar to many Colombian cities, the ideology of civism assumes that there is a need to establish a kind of symbiosis between the city, its public spaces, and its citizens, in material as well as spiritual matters. In the case of Pereira, the author seeks to identify the most relevant aspects of the civic discourse which developed entities like the Improvement Society and the Rotary Club, through different written means, putting special emphasis on the moral values which the civic citizens (or ciudadanos de bien) must have exhibited in the process of transformation and modernization experienced throughout the 20th century. Keywords: discourse, civism, press, clubs and societies, local history, twentieth century.

Women in Angola

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana P. Candido
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
The 19Th Century

European colonial powers established the contemporary boundaries of Angola during the Conference of Berlin (1884–1885). However, colonialism dates to the 15th century, when Portuguese merchants first contacted the Kingdom of Kongo along the Congo River and established early settlements in Luanda (1575) and Benguela (1617). Parts of the territories that became known as Angola in the early 20th century have a long history of interaction with the outside world, and as a result European primary sources provide much of the information available to historians. The reports, official correspondence, and diaries were produced by European men and are therefore problematic. However, by reading against the grain scholars can begin to understand how women lived in Angola before the 20th century. Some, such as Queen Njinga, had access to political power, and others, such as Dona Ana Joaquina dos Santos e Silva, enjoyed great wealth. Kimpa Vita was a prophet who led a movement of political and religious renewal and was killed as a result. Most women never appeared in historical documents but were fundamental to the economic and social existence of their communities as farmers, traders, artisans, mediums, and enslaved individuals. The end of the slave trade in the 1850s led to the expansion of the so-called legitimate trade and plantation economies, which privileged male labor while relying on women’s domestic contributions. The arrival of a larger number of missionaries, colonial troops, and Portuguese settlers by the end of the 19th century resulted in new policies that stimulated migration and family separation. It also introduced new ideas about morality, sexuality, and motherhood. Women resisted and joined anticolonial movements. After independence, decades of civil war increased forced displacement, gender imbalance, and sexual violence. The greater stability at the end of the armed conflict may favor the expansion of women’s organizations and internal pressures to address gender inequalities.

Theories of Power, Poverty, and Law: In Commemoration of the Contributions of Peter Bachrach

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
Judith A. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of

A while ago we lost Peter Bachrach, one of the pre-eminent academic figures of the twentieth century. After he died on December 14, 2007, a group of his former students and colleagues gathered at the APSA annual meeting in Boston to celebrate his life and career. The audience included family members, “academic grandchildren,” and admirers of his work. The speakers' themes included power, poverty, activism, legal theory, and equality, and this symposium grew out of the panel. This range and variety of topics indicate the scope and depth of his impact. His 1962APSRarticle, “Two Faces of Power,” co-authored with Morton Baratz, is the most frequently cited article in the history of the political science profession. Although I suspect this distinction would have amused Peter, terms likefaces of power,nondecision, anddeciding not to decideare familiar even to those who don't know Bachrach and Baratz's work on power (Bachrach and Baratz 1962, 1963). These writings taught scholars to listen for what is not said and look for what is not shown. That was a crucial lesson for feminist legal scholars like my classmate and fellow panelist, Elizabeth Schneider, and me.

scholarly journals The Publishing Activities of Libraries in the Pre-revolutionary Russia in the late 19th - early 20th century (on the Materials of St. Petersburg Province)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to the history of publishing activities of the libraries of St. Petersburg Province. There are analyzed the main product types of libraries, marked the libraries, performing publishing activities in the early twentieth century, and there is given characteristics of their publications.

scholarly journals Możliwości wykorzystania korespondencji misyjnej do badań nad historią wychodźstwa chłopskiego z terenów byłej Rzeczypospolitej na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1 (241)) ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jacek Lis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Migration ◽  
The Church

The Possibility of Utilizing Missionaries’ Correspondence to Study the History of Peasant Migration (from the territories of former Polish Commonwealth) at the turn of the twentieth century The article presents new possibilities of research on the history of migration at the turn the 20th century using narrative sources, particularly the correspondence of missionaries. Peasants produced and left behind very few narrative sources, which results in migration historians rarely using them. The author indicates how to use alternative narrative sources produced by people of the Church to study the history of migration, in particular emigration from the territories of the former Polish Commonwealth.

scholarly journals The Weekly Study Meeting in Psychiatry of the Institute of Psychiatry – Federal University of Rio de Janeiro: 70-years of culture and scientific dissemination

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-370
Author(s):  
Helio G. Rocha Neto ◽  
Cátia Maria Mathias ◽  
Antonio Egidio Nardi ◽  
Marleide Mota Gomes ◽  
Maria Tavares Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dissemination Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Center ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the history of creation, development, and topics covered by the Study Center of the Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (CE – IPUB/UFRJ) over its 70 years. Methods: Research in newspapers of the Hemeroteca Brasileira Digital, internal documents of IPUB/UFRJ, and interviews with eyewitnesses of the functioning of the CE. Results: The Study Center has been operating on an uninterrupted basis for 70 years, every week. 472 events have been identified since the founding of the CE, but numerous other meetings have taken place. The findings were described in three major groups: 1. Academic meetings in the first half of the 20th century and insertion of the CE in the history of IPUB; 2. Topics discussed and presentations; 3. Changes in periodicity and format. Conclusions: The CE produces cultural and scientific dissemination continuously since its foundation. The type and format of events have changed over time, adapting to the needs of their community, but always serving as an important beacon for the training of specialists in mental health, dissemination of research, and tendencies about psychiatry worldwide, Latin America, and Brazil.

scholarly journals Attribution problems of B.V. Smirnov's graphics from the Novosibirsk State Museum of Local History collection

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Н.А. Семакова
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Local History ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Made In

Статья посвящена атрибуции коллекции графики русско-украинского художника Бориса Васильевича Смирнова, хранящейся в Новосибирском краеведческом музее. В начале XX века Б.В. Смирнов отправился в путешествие по Сибири, результатом которого стало множество рисунков, сделанных в Омске, Барабинской степи, Красноярске и Иркутске. Необходимость проведения атрибуции была вызвана тем фактом, что на произведениях обнаружились скорректированная датировка и оставленные наброски и зарисовки на обратной стороне. Следовательно, возник вопрос о корректных хронологических и географических рамках создания рисунков. В процессе исследования были задействованы архивные материалы личного дела Б.В. Смирнова, привлечены литературные произведения художника и мемуары членов его семьи. В результате атрибуции на основе комплексного подхода к исследованию изобразительных произведений с применением сравнительного и биографического методов было обнаружено, что часть работ не относится к сибирскому периоду творчества и была создана мастером после возвращения из Сибири. Атрибуция коллекции графики Б.В. Смирнова позволила уточнить время и место создания отдельных работ и в полной мере раскрыть их содержание. The paper is devoted to the attribution of the Russian-Ukrainian artist Boris Vasilyevich Smirnov’s graphics, kept in the Novosibirsk Museum of Local History. At the beginning of the 20th century, B.V. Smirnov traveled to Siberia, as a result, many drawings were made in Omsk, the Barabinsk steppe, Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk. The master's graphics, represented by portraits, landscapes and genre scenes, are important not only as an aesthetic, but also as a historical heritage, being a source of information about the population of Siberian cities lifestyles. The need for attribution was caused by the factor of corrected dating and sketches on the back of the artworks. Consequently, the question was raised about the correct chronological and geographical framework of drawings creating. The research involved archival materials of B.V. Smirnov's personal file, literary works of the artist and memoirs of his family members. As a result of attribution, based on an integrated approach to the study of fine works, using comparative and biographical methods, it was found that some of the works do not belong to the Siberian period and were created by the master after returning from Siberia. Attribution of the B.V. Smirnov graphics made it possible to specify the time and place of creation of certain works and to completely reveal their content. The attribution of the graphics by B.V. Smirnov managed to clarify the time, place of certain works creation, and fully disclose their content.

The History of Angola

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Ball
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Nationalist Movements ◽  
Guerrilla War ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Control ◽  
The 19Th Century

Angola’s contemporary political boundaries resulted from 20th-century colonialism. The roots of Angola, however, reach far into the past. When Portuguese caravels arrived in the Congo River estuary in the late 15th century, independent African polities dotted this vast region. Some people lived in populous, hierarchical states such as the Kingdom of Kongo, but most lived in smaller political entities centered on lineage-village settlements. The Portuguese colony of Angola grew out of a settlement established at Luanda Bay in 1576. From its inception, Portuguese Angola existed to profit from the transatlantic slave trade, which became the colony’s economic foundation for the next three centuries. A Luso-African population and a creole culture developed in the colonial nuclei of Luanda and Benguela (founded 1617). The expansion of the colonial state into the interior occurred intermittently until the end of the 19th century, when Portuguese authorities initiated a series of wars of conquest that lasted up until the end of the First World War. During the 20th century, the colonial state consolidated military control over the whole territory, instituted an infrastructure of administration, and developed an economy of resource extraction. A nationalist sentiment developed among Luso-African thinkers in the early 20th century, and by the 1950s these ideas coalesced into a nationalist movement aimed at independence. Simultaneously, anticolonial movements developed among mission-educated elites in the Kikongo-speaking north and in the Umbundu-speaking central highlands. Portugal’s authoritarian New State leaders brutally suppressed these disparate nationalist movements during more than a decade of guerrilla war. A revolution in Portugal in 1974 ushered in negotiations leading to Angolan independence on November 11, 1975. Competing nationalist movements, bolstered by foreign intervention, refused to share governance and as a result plunged Angola into a brutal civil war that lasted until 2002.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document