Extraction of Lipophilic Antioxidants from Native Tomato Using Green Technologies

Research background. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit is highly consumed worldwide and contains high levels of carotenoids and tocopherols, two powerful antioxidants. Native tomato genotypes are rarely used in large-scale commercialisation and industries but serve as a reservoir to diversify the species gene pool and can be employed to obtain functional compounds. Extraction methodologies are currently experimenting changes towards cleaner methodologies that are more efficient and environmentally friendly, including avoiding toxic or polluting solvents. Experimental approach. In this study, factorial and fractional factorial designs were used to evaluate the efficiency of digestive enzymes, sonication and green solvents to extract carotenoids and tocopherols from native tomatoes. Results and conclusions. Digestive enzymes and sonication increased the carotenoid content and the antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts when applied individually. However, when these treatments were applied together and in combination with green solvents (ethyl lactate and isopropyl acetate), the obtained extracts had the highest carotenoid and tocopherol contents as well as the maximal antioxidant activity, compared with non-combined treatments. Moreover, a correlation analysis suggested that antioxidant activity resulted from synergistic effects between several antioxidants rather than individual compounds. The tomato extracts were obtained through a relatively rapid extraction method (2 h) and maintained their functional activity. Novelty and scientific contribution. Tomato is one of the most studied fruits, and both the plant and its fruit have been the subject of numerous studies. Functional compound extraction, mainly through environmentally friendly methods, remains an attractive research field for the utilisation of native tomato fruit, enhancing its limited production and use or harnessing the large amount of industrial waste from commercial tomato processing. There are few reports where clean extraction methods are combined; even rarer are those where green solvents are also used. In this work, the combination of different clean extraction technologies improved the extraction of carotenoids and tocopherols and allowed to establish a more efficient process. We believe that these results will stimulate the use of clean technologies and make the native tomato more attractive to harvest for industrial processing or to extract carotenoids and tocopherols for supplements.

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Increasing Anthocyanin Content in Tomato Fruit for Improved Antioxidant Activity

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.869d ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 869D-869

Author(s):

Peter J. Mes* ◽

James R. Myers

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Introgression Line ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Antioxidant

Tomato lines carrying the genes Aft, atv, Abg, hp-1, and an as yet undetermined gene from the introgression line LA2099 have been combined to produce fruit with elevated anthocyanin content. The antioxidant activity of juice made from anthocyanin-expressing tomatoes was compared to juices made from tomatoes with varied carotenoid content. The contribution of anthocyanin to the total antioxidant activity of the whole fruit in current material is small, but with potential for significant improvement. The increase in flavonoids in the elevated anthocyanin lines has increased water-soluble antioxidant activity of the fruit in vitro.

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Quantification of Major Bioactive Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Whole Coffee Cherries (Coffea arabica) and Their Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4306

Author(s):

Boris Nemzer ◽

Diganta Kalita ◽

Nebiyu Abshiru

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Digestive Enzymes ◽

Chlorogenic Acids ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽

Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Control Of Diabetes

Coffee cherry is a rich source of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) and caffeine. In this study we examined the potential antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of whole coffee cherries (WCC) and their two extracts on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, which are targets for the control of diabetes and Alzheimer’s diseases. Whole coffee cherry extract 40% (WCCE1) is rich in chlorogenic acid compounds, consisting of a minimum of 40% major isomers, namely 3-caffeoylquinic acids, 4-caffeoylquinic acids, 5-caffeoylquinic acids, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4-feruloylquinc acid, and 5-feruloylquinc acid. Whole coffee cherry extract 70% (WCCE2) is rich in caffeine, with a minimum of 70%. WCCE1 inhibited the activities of digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and WCCE2 inhibited acetylcholinesterase activities with their IC50 values of 1.74, 2.42, and 0.09 mg/mL, respectively. Multiple antioxidant assays—including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC, HORAC, NORAC, and SORAC—demonstrated that WCCE1 has strong antioxidant activity.

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CFTR Lifecycle Map—A Systems Medicine Model of CFTR Maturation to Predict Possible Active Compound Combinations

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7590

Author(s):

Liza Vinhoven ◽

Frauke Stanke ◽

Sylvia Hafkemeyer ◽

Manuel Manfred Nietert

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Small Scale ◽

Systems Medicine ◽

Promising Candidate ◽

Cftr Mutations ◽

Machine Readable ◽

High Throughput Screens ◽

Readable Format ◽

Machine Readable Format

Different causative therapeutics for CF patients have been developed. There are still no mutation-specific therapeutics for some patients, especially those with rare CFTR mutations. For this purpose, high-throughput screens have been performed which result in various candidate compounds, with mostly unclear modes of action. In order to elucidate the mechanism of action for promising candidate substances and to be able to predict possible synergistic effects of substance combinations, we used a systems biology approach to create a model of the CFTR maturation pathway in cells in a standardized, human- and machine-readable format. It is composed of a core map, manually curated from small-scale experiments in human cells, and a coarse map including interactors identified in large-scale efforts. The manually curated core map includes 170 different molecular entities and 156 reactions from 221 publications. The coarse map encompasses 1384 unique proteins from four publications. The overlap between the two data sources amounts to 46 proteins. The CFTR Lifecycle Map can be used to support the identification of potential targets inside the cell and elucidate the mode of action for candidate substances. It thereby provides a backbone to structure available data as well as a tool to develop hypotheses regarding novel therapeutics.

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Transformer Meets Convolution: A Bilateral Awareness Network for Semantic Segmentation of Very Fine Resolution Urban Scene Images

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13163065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3065

Author(s):

Libo Wang ◽

Rui Li ◽

Dongzhi Wang ◽

Chenxi Duan ◽

Teng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Texture Features ◽

Semantic Segmentation ◽

Autonomous Driving ◽

Research Field ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Urban Scene ◽

Fine Resolution ◽

With Memory

Semantic segmentation from very fine resolution (VFR) urban scene images plays a significant role in several application scenarios including autonomous driving, land cover classification, urban planning, etc. However, the tremendous details contained in the VFR image, especially the considerable variations in scale and appearance of objects, severely limit the potential of the existing deep learning approaches. Addressing such issues represents a promising research field in the remote sensing community, which paves the way for scene-level landscape pattern analysis and decision making. In this paper, we propose a Bilateral Awareness Network which contains a dependency path and a texture path to fully capture the long-range relationships and fine-grained details in VFR images. Specifically, the dependency path is conducted based on the ResT, a novel Transformer backbone with memory-efficient multi-head self-attention, while the texture path is built on the stacked convolution operation. In addition, using the linear attention mechanism, a feature aggregation module is designed to effectively fuse the dependency features and texture features. Extensive experiments conducted on the three large-scale urban scene image segmentation datasets, i.e., ISPRS Vaihingen dataset, ISPRS Potsdam dataset, and UAVid dataset, demonstrate the effectiveness of our BANet. Specifically, a 64.6% mIoU is achieved on the UAVid dataset.

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Quality of Watermelon Juice Concentrated by Forward Osmosis and Conventional Processes

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8121568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1568

Author(s):

Rebecca R. Milczarek ◽

Carl W. Olsen ◽

Ivana Sedej

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Forward Osmosis ◽

Soluble Phenolics ◽

Nutritional Components ◽

Watermelon Juice ◽

Juice Concentrate ◽

And Storage

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) juice is known for its refreshing flavor, but its high perishability limits its availability throughout the year. Watermelon juice concentrate has extended shelf-life and lower transportation and storage costs, but the conventional thermal evaporation process for concentrating juice degrades the nutritional components and sensory quality of the product. Thus, in this work, a large-scale, non-thermal forward osmosis (FO) process was used to concentrate fresh watermelon juice up to 65°Brix. The FO concentrate was compared to thermal concentrate and fresh juices, and to commercially available refrigerated watermelon juices, in terms of lycopene and citrulline content, total soluble phenolics, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties. The FO concentrate had statistically similar (p < 0.05) levels of all the nutrients of interest except antioxidant activity, when compared to the thermal concentrate. The reconstituted FO concentrate maintained the same antioxidant activity as the raw source juice, which was 45% higher than that of the reconstituted thermal concentrate. Sensory results showed that reconstituted FO concentrate resulted in highly liked juice, and it outperformed the reconstituted thermal concentrate in the sensory hedonic rating. This work demonstrates the possibility to produce a high-quality watermelon juice concentrate by forward osmosis.

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Effect of increasing manganese concentration in nutrient solution on the antioxidant activity, vitamin C, lycopene and polyphenol contents of tomato fruit

Food Additives & Contaminants Part A ◽

10.1080/19440049.2016.1277037 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 379-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Małgorzata Muzolf-Panek ◽

Tomasz Kleiber ◽

Anna Kaczmarek

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Manganese Concentration

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Skill assessment of post-processing methods for ECMWF SEAS5 seasonal forecasts over Europe

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11019 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alice Crespi ◽

Marcello Petitta ◽

Lucas Grigis ◽

Paola Marson ◽

Jean-Michel Soubeyroux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Production Management ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Research Field ◽

Skill Assessment ◽

Post Processing ◽

Seasonal Forecasts ◽

Climate Services ◽

Local Climate ◽

Climate Conditions

Seasonal forecasts provide information on climate conditions several months ahead and therefore they could represent a valuable support for decision making, warning systems as well as for the optimization of industry and energy sectors. However, forecast systems can be affected by systematic biases and have horizontal resolutions which are typically coarser than the spatial scales of the practical applications. For this reason, the reliability of forecasts needs to be carefully assessed before applying and interpreting them for specific applications. In addition, the use of post-processing approaches is recommended in order to improve the representativeness of the large-scale predictions of regional and local climate conditions. The development and evaluation downscaling and bias-correction procedures aiming at improving the skills of the forecasts and the quality of derived climate services is currently an open research field. In this context, we evaluated the skills of ECMWF SEAS5 forecasts of monthly mean temperature, total precipitation and wind speed over Europe and we assessed the skill improvements of calibrated predictions.For the calibration, we combined a bilinear interpolation and a quantile mapping approach to obtain corrected monthly forecasts on a 0.25&#176;x0.25&#176; grid from the original 1&#176;x1&#176; values. The forecasts were corrected against the reference ERA5 reanalysis over the hindcast period 1993&#8211;2016. The processed forecasts were compared over the same domain and period with another calibrated set of ECMWF SEAS5 forecasts obtained by the ADAMONT statistical method.The skill assessment was performed by means of both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics evaluated over seasonal forecasted aggregations for the first lead time. Greater skills of the forecast systems in Europe were generally observed in spring and summer, especially for temperature, with a spatial distribution varying with the seasons. The calibration was proved to effectively correct the model biases for all variables, however the metrics not accounting for bias did not show significant improvements in most cases, and in some areas and seasons even small degradations in skills were observed.The presented study supported the activities of the H2020 European project SECLI-FIRM on the improvement of the seasonal forecast applicability for energy production, management and assessment.

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Long-Term Effect on Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Activity of Thermal and High-Pressure Pasteurization of Orange Juice

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102706 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2706 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fabiana Vieira ◽

Sónia Lourenço ◽

Liliana Fidalgo ◽

Sónia Santos ◽

Armando Silvestre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

High Pressure ◽

Orange Juice ◽

High Pressure Processing ◽

Term Effect ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Phenolic Components

The long-term effect of thermal pasteurization (TP) and high-pressure processing (HPP) of orange juices stored under refrigeration, on the bioactive components and antioxidant activity, was compared. Total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid contents, the individual content of major phenolic components, and the antioxidant activity, were evaluated in TP- and HPP-treated juices over a 36-day period. At day 0, no significant differences in TPC, and a decrease in carotenoid content after both treatments, were observed. TP caused a decrease of flavonoid and anthocyanin contents, while HPP increased flavonoid content. Three major phenolic components were identified: apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside, naringenin-7-O-rutinoside, and hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside, the latter increasing ca. 45% immediately after HPP. During storage, a decrease in TPC, and in the anthocyanin and carotenoid contents of both treated juices was observed, with higher anthocyanin and phenolic contents in HPP juices. A significant increase of hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside content was observed in HPP juice. Both treatments caused a decrease (26% and 13%, respectively) of antioxidant activity. Most of the kinetic profiles followed zero-order patterns, with HPP juices showing a considerably higher half-life than TP ones. These results clearly demonstrate the advantages of HPP for orange juice preservation allowing, also, their nutritional benefits to be enhanced by increasing the content of some bioactive components.

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Extensive Screening of Green Solvents for Safe and Sustainable UiO-66 Synthesis

10.26434/chemrxiv.12745097 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Diletta Morelli Venturi ◽

Filippo Campana ◽

Fabio Marmottini ◽

Ferdinando Costantino ◽

Luigi Vaccaro

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Dimethyl Formamide ◽

Scale Production ◽

Green Solvents ◽

High Quality ◽

Color Code ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Metal Organic

Zirconium based Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 is to date considered one of the benchmark compound among stable MOFs and it has attracted a huge attention for its employment in many strategic applications. Large scale production of UiO-66 for industrial purposes requires the use of safe and green solvents, fulfilling the green chemistry principles and able to replace the use of N,N-Dimethyl-Formamide (DMF), which, despite its toxicity, is still considered the most efficient solvent for obtaining UiO-66 of high quality. Herein we report on a survey of about 40 different solvents with different polarity, boiling point and acidity, used for the laboratory scale synthesis of high quality UiO-66 crystals. The solvents were chosen according the European REACH Regulation 1907/2006 among those having low cost, low toxicity and fully biodegradable. Concerning MOF synthesis, the relevant parameters chosen for establishing the quality of the results obtained are the degree are the crystallinity, microporosity and specific surface area, yield and solvent recyclability. Taking into account also the chemical physical properties of all the solvents, a color code was assigned in order to give a final green assessment for the UiO-66 synthesis. Defectivity of the obtained products, the use of acidic modulators and the use of alternative Zr-salts have been also taken into consideration. Preliminary results lead to conclude that GVL (γ-valerolactone) is among the most promising solvents for replacing DMF in UiO-66 MOF synthesis.

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Characterization of functional components flour epicarp papaya (Carica papaya L) as a source of natural pigments

Respuestas ◽

10.22463/0122820x.1829 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 39-48

Author(s):

Viviana Andrea Velasco Arango ◽

John Edwin Sotelo Barbosa ◽

Luis Eduardo Ordoñez Santos ◽

José Igor Hleap Zapata

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Natural Pigments ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Functional Components

Papaya (Carica papaya L) is some fruit rich in antioxidants and an important source for obtaining bioactive compounds. Its production, worldwide for the year 2017, was 13.3 million tons. In its industrial processing is obtained approximately between 15 and 20%, in relation to the weight of the fruit, of husks or epicarp, which are likely to be used in order to obtain organic compounds such as carotenoids and polyphenols, among others, contributing, in addition, to mitigate the effects on the environment, since generally, these shells are thrown into landfills of solid waste, generating serious problems of environmental pollution. The objective of this research was to characterize physicochemically the carotenoid pigments obtained from the papaya epicarp. A papaya epicarp flour was processed and it was determined, both in it and in the fresh epicarp, pH, titratable acidity, moisture content and dry matter. Likewise, the carotenoid content, the antioxidant activity and the content of phenolic compounds were determined. The results showed high values for physicochemical parameters. The content of carotenoid compounds for the fractions of β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, Zeaxanthin and lycopene ranged between 8,587 and 4,070 mg/100g of epicarp, with the highest value corresponding to β-cryptoxanthin and the lowest value the lycopene fraction. The antioxidant activity, expressed as inhibition of the DPPH radical, gave a value of 58.77 ± 3.038 IC50 mg/ml. The content of phenolic compounds measured in mg of gallic acid equivalents/g gave a result of 24.948 ± 0.728. The data obtained allow us to conclude that said flour can be used as a source of bioactive compounds and natural pigments both in the food industry and in the technical and pharmaceutical industries.

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