scholarly journals Notas sobre la ecología reproductiva de árboles en un bosque mesófilo de montaña en Michoacán, México

2017 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Héctor M. Hernández ◽  
Yasmín Carreón-Abud
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Mesophytic Forest ◽  
Clear Peak ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Bosque Mesófilo De Montaña ◽  
Reproductive Events

Reproductive events of the main tree species of a mountain mesophytic forest are described, and complemented with data on the reproductive behavior of some shrubs and herbs. The general pattern of flowering among tree species was strongly seasonal, with a clear peak in flowering during the dry-wet and wet-dry interfases. Shrubs and herbs, by contrast, flowered primarily during the rainy season. Controlled pollination experiments showed that all tree species, with the exception of Cornus disciflora, have relatively high levels of self-compatibility. This is considered a mechanism for ensuring the reproductive success of these species in the absence of adequate pollinators. Melittophily is the dominant pollination syndrome, although others were observed (e.g., anemophily, ornithophily, and sphingophily). Finally, the general reproductive features of the forest are discussed and compared with the reproductive behavior of temperate and tropical forests.

How are tree species distributed in climatic space? A simple and general pattern

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1157-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Boucher-Lalonde ◽  
Antoine Morin ◽  
David J. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
General Pattern

scholarly journals Passerine birds supporting cross pollination in Erythrina stricta Roxb.

Dendrobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Vinod Prasad Khanduri ◽  
Kewat Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Chandra Mohan Sharma ◽  
Manoj Kumar Riyal ◽  
Kalpataru Kar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Pollination Experiments ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Pycnonotus Cafer ◽  
Nectar Robbers

Erythina stricta is an ecologically important tree species in the rainforests of India and its nectar within the flowers contributes to birds’ diet and survival. Reports on the pollination of this species have not been published so far. We therefore explore the reproductive system of this tree species which has great significance to its ecosystem. Birds have an important role in the reproduction of trees through pollination particularly in tropical areas where reproductive success mostly depends on animal pollinator interactions. Study of visitation and nectar feeding behaviour of birds along with breeding system assessment of Erythina stricta. Birds visiting and foraging behaviour was observed during Erythrina stricta flowering season in an indian tropical rainforest. Reproductive system was assessed through controlled pollination experiments. Thirteen bird species were recorded visiting and foraging nectar from the flowers of Erythrina stricta. The maximum numbers of visits recorded were from the Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer, Pycnonotidae). The nectar feeding birds were, either (i) potential pollinator with long bills (e.g. Pycnonotus spp., Chloropsis aurifrons, and Dicrurus spp.) or (ii) nectar robbers with comparatively shorter bills (e.g. Zosterops palpebrosa, Stachyris ruficeps, Macronous gularis, Heterophasia glaciris). Controlled pollination experiments revealed high degree of cross pollination (xenogamy) and self-incompatibility in E. stricta. Birds were more frequent in early mornings and their foraging activity was also observed during evening hours; the frequency however, declined with respect to nectar availability. Long corolla tubes of E. stricta could restrict access to nectar collecting bees.

Floral nectary structure and nectar chemical composition of some species from Robinson Crusoe Island (Chile)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 862-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Bernardello ◽  
Leonardo Galetto ◽  
Gregory J Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Wind Pollination ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Nectary Structure ◽  
Nectar Composition ◽  
Hummingbird Pollination ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Juan Fernández Archipelago

Floral nectary structure and nectar composition of 12 species, including 11 endemics, are reported from Robinson Crusoe Island (Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile). These species are mostly hummingbird pollinated. Nectary morphology follows the general pattern within each of the families, suggesting it is an ancestral feature. The mean nectar concentration (± SD) as a percentage of weight (weight/total weight of solution) was 28.3 ± 20.7. Sucrose, fructose, and glucose were identified in most samples. In Nicotiana cordifolia, an unknown monosaccharide was also detected. When more than one sample per species was examined, there was usually variability in sugar ratios. Statistical tests indicated that population size does not influence this variability. However, there were differences when the pollinator type was compared, with a trend of a higher sucrose proportion and a lower coefficient of variation of sucrose in the species pollinated by hummingbirds. This would indicate a specialization in the nectar composition of the hummingbird-pollinated species. Cuminia eriantha, N. cordifolia, and Rhaphithamnus venustus also possess amino acids in their nectar. In the non-hummingbird-pollinated species, the presence of nectaries and nectar serves as an indication of the ancestral pollination system of the first colonizers rather than the current condition, which is wind pollination or self-compatibility for most of the species. Thus, the presence of nectar in flowers does not necessarily indicate extant biotic pollination.Key words: angiosperms, Robinson Crusoe Island, nectary structure, nectar sugar composition, sugar concentration, hummingbird pollination.

Replacement of native oak and hickory tree species by the introduced American chestnut (Castanea dentata) in southwestern Wisconsin

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3457-3469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Paillet ◽  
Philip A. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
The West ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
North And South

American chestnut was introduced at West Salem, Wisconsin, about 1880 and had begun to replace native tree species in adjacent oak-hickory woodland before 1930. Chestnut is now an important canopy species over about 20 ha of forested ridge extending north and south of the original plantation. A smaller area of less than 5 ha is dominated by chestnut in both the canopy and understory. Chestnut seedlings and small saplings are more numerous along woodland edges and in recently disturbed soil, they are rare in the interior of ungrazed pasture and entirely absent from intensively grazed areas adjacent to chestnut-dominated woodland. Random sampling of recently established seedlings indicates that from 1 to 5 seedlings/(year ∙ ha) became established in undisturbed woodland between 1986 and 1988. The general pattern of chestnut distribution indicates the importance of woodland edges in chestnut propagation and the effects of livestock grazing in excluding chestnut. Replacement of native species by chestnut appears to have occurred in two steps: isolated groups of trees became established at favorable locations, after which many additional chestnut stems became established in the understory. The recent discovery and treatment of blight indicates that the West Salem site may not be available for study of blight-free chestnut in the future.

scholarly journals Metanotal gland of the genus Eidmanacris (Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae): taxonomic importance

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogilene Aparecida Prado ◽  
Carmem S. Fontanetti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Taxonomic Importance ◽  
Apical Opening ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study compares the metanotal gland through scanning electron microscopy in five species of Eidmanacris: E. corumbatai Garcia, 1998, E. alboannulata (Piza, 1960), E. dissimilis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995, E. larvaeformis (Chopard, 1938) and Eidmanacris sp. The general external configuration of the gland was determined by the presence of two median projections with apical opening and a cluster of bristles just above these projections. Although there is a general pattern for this gland, each species has its own pattern, which can be defined mainly by the arrangement of the bristles and the position of the median projections. Our results suggest the taxonomical importance of these structures, which should be better analyzed when describing species of the genus Eidmanacris. In addition, while observing the reproductive behavior of these species, we concluded that the release of this gland secretion is important for the success of mating.

scholarly journals Prospects for the realization of reproductive installations of russian families in 2021–2025 based on the data from the sociological-demographic research

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Anatoly I. Antonov ◽  
Vera M. Karpova ◽  
Sofia V. Lyalikova ◽  
Olga L. Lebed’
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Choice ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parental Family ◽  
Reproductive Events

The article shows the characteristics of the changes in demographic structures and processes, as reflected in various configurations of sex and age pyramids, changing under the influence of a wide range of factors. The current trends in reproductive behavior are being considered. Based on the data from the sociological and demographic study (SeDOJ-2019), an analysis was conducted concerning the pregnancy history of women who participated in the survey, the probabilities of the reproductive events were investigated depending on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in situations of reproductive choice, and the role of the reproductive attitudes in the context of reproductive behavior was determined. Furthermore, the results show that the use of contraception before pregnancy is not an unconditional indication for an induced abortion but only reduces the likelihood of having a baby. The presence of the interconnections between the level of need for children and the number of socio-demographic parameters (gender, age, education, number of children in the parental family, age of birth of the firstborn, etc.) is recorded, which can be used as reference in the establishment of the family-demographic policy, to effectively improve, with proper stimulation, the effectiveness in the realization of reproductive potential.

Insights into giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus Kerr, 1792) reproduction

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Leonard Jean Desbiez ◽  
Gabriel Favero Massocato ◽  
Danilo Kluyber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal

AbstractThis paper presents unique data on the reproductive behavior of the rare giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), including gestation, inter-birth intervals, number of offspring and parental care. It also describes a potential non-parental infanticide. The study used telemetry, camera traps and track observations for over 7 years in a 300-km2 area in the central Brazilian Pantanal. Females with young were recorded 5 times. Reproductive events did not appear to be seasonal. A 5-month gestation period was estimated. Parental care is long, as the offspring is completely dependent on its mother’s milk until 6–8 months of age. Weaning was estimated to occur at 11–12 months, but the offspring continued to be dependent on its mother’s burrows until 18 months old. Three births were recorded over a 6-year period for one individual. The offspring from the first birth recorded was killed at 4 weeks of age in a potential infanticide, but 7 months after the first birth, a second offspring was born. A third birth was recorded 3 years after the second birth. Results from this study suggest that the population growth rate of giant armadillos is very low and the species can therefore easily be locally extirpated.

scholarly journals (239) Evaluation of Self-compatibility in Clethra alnifolia

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040C-1040
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Deciduous Shrub

Clethra alnifolia, which is commonly known as summersweet, is an attractive deciduous shrub that produces fragrant flower in mid-summer. Breeding efforts are hampered by a lack of information on the reproductive behavior of this native species. The objective of this study was to evaluate self-compatibility in C. alnifolia. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in styles were examined following self- and cross-pollinations using fluorescence microscopy. Seed set and germination were compared following self- and cross-pollinations. While self-pollen tubes appeared to grow slightly slower than cross-pollen tubes, there was no indication of a self-incompatibility system acting at the stigmatic or stylar level in C. alnifolia. Self-pollinations of `Hummingbird' and `Ruby Spice' produced fewer seeds than did cross-pollinations of these cultivars. Germination of all seed obtained from this study was too poor to allow a comparison of germination rates of the self- and cross-pollinated seed. However, because a few self-progeny were obtained, emasculation is recommended when making controlled pollinations. The presence of a late-acting self-incompatibility system or early acting inbreeding depression was proposed as being responsible for the lower seed set following self-pollination.

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