scholarly journals Phenotypic variation of flowering and vegetative morphological traits along the distribution for the endemic species Yucca capensis (Agavaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Arteaga ◽  
Rafael Bello-Bedoy ◽  
José Luis León-de la Luz ◽  
José Delgadillo ◽  
Reymundo Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Plant Length

<p class="p1"><span class="s1">Phenotypic variation across the geographic range of a species depends upon genetic differences within and between populations as well as environmental heterogeneity. Estimating the variation in morphological and reproductive traits and determining the influence of abiotic factors on the expression of phenotype is particularly important in endemic species as a means of inferring their response to different environmental scenarios. This study analyzes the interpopulation variation in oral and vegetative traits of <em>Yucca capensis </em>Lenz and their relation to altitude and precipitation. At 2 different sites total plant length, stem length, stem circumference, rosette length, rosette diameter, leaf length and leaf width were measured and the number of plants with inflorescences and fruits was recorded. The results showed higher coefficients of variation for plant length, stem length and rosette length and lower coefficients of variation for leaf length and width. All of the vegetative traits differed significantly between sites. It was found that 31 % and 12 % of the plants produced inflorescences and fruits respectively and inflorescence production differed between sites, presenting a positive relation with average annual precipitation. This study shows that there is large phenotypic variation in vegetative traits and that levels of rainfall have a clear influence on the production of reproductive structures throughout the geographic range of the endemic species <em>Y. capensis</em>.</span></p>

Minimum resources for phenotyping morphological traits of maize (Zea mays L.) genetic resources

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodomiro Ortiz ◽  
José Crossa ◽  
Ricardo Sevilla
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Method ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Highland Maize ◽  
Northern Peru

The aim of this research was to use variance components to calculate total phenotypic variation for 12 vegetative and reproductive maize traits. A set of 59 accessions, belonging to nine Peruvian highland maize races, were grown at two consecutive planting seasons in 2 years at one inter-Andean site in northern Peru. The trial data provided a means for calculating the variance components using the restricted maximum-likelihood method. The variance components were assumed to be stable while the number of environments and replications varied to simulate phenotypic variation for each trait. The least number of environments and replications, which does not affect the precision of phenotyping, was selected for assessing each trait. Tabulated data provide the number of environments and replications that can be used as a reference for Peruvian highland trials to assess quantitative variation in plant and reproductive traits. The results suggest that fewer environments and replications are needed for reproductive than for plant traits because the former show higher heritability than vegetative traits.

scholarly journals Reproductive traits and floral visitors of Aechmea distichantha plants growing in different habitats of a South American xerophytic forest

Rodriguésia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo M. Freire ◽  
Ignacio M. Barberis ◽  
José L. Vesprini
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
South American ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Carpenter Bee ◽  
Carpenter Bees ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Aechmea distichantha, a widely-distributed facultative epiphytic bromeliad species, is present from rainforests to xerophytic forests. At its southernmost distribution (Humid Chaco) it grows in the understory and forest edges. This animal-pollinated bromeliad shows high phenotypic plasticity on its vegetative traits, but there is no information about plasticity on its reproductive traits. Infructescences from shade plants were heavier, had longer rachis, more spikelets, higher number of fruits/spikelet and higher number of seeds/fruit than those from sun plants, but they presented similar number of open flowers. The number of visitation events was similar in both habitats, but more flowers were visited in the sun than in the shade. Flowers were visited by seven species (six insects and one hummingbird). In the sun, the carpenter bee was the most frequent visitor and visited almost all flowers, whereas in the shade different species of visitors attained similar proportion of visits and number of visited flowers. Despite visitation events were similar in both habitats, plants growing in the shade set more seeds/fruit than plants growing in the sun. The higher proportion of visits accomplished by carpenter bees compared to hummingbirds is probably a consequence of the climatic conditions in the austral location of these populations.

scholarly journals Flood induced phenotypic plasticity in amphibious genusElatine(Elatinaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Molnár V. ◽  
János Pál Tóth ◽  
Gábor Sramkó ◽  
Orsolya Horváth ◽  
Agnieszka Popiela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
Forest Classification ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Vegetative Characters

Vegetative characters are widely used in the taxonomy of the amphibious genusElatineL. However, these usually show great variation not just between species but between their aquatic and terrestrial forms. In the present study we examine the variation of seed and vegetative characters in nineElatinespecies (E. brachysperma, E. californica, E. gussonei, E. hexandra, E. hungarica, E. hydropiper, E. macropoda,E. orthospermaandE. triandra) to reveal the extension of plasticity induced by the amphibious environment, and to test character reliability for species identification. Cultivated plant clones were kept under controlled conditions exposed to either aquatic or terrestrial environmental conditions. Six vegetative characters (length of stem, length of internodium, length of lamina, width of lamina, length of petioles, length of pedicel) and four seed characters (curvature, number of pits / lateral row, 1st and 2nd dimension) were measured on 50 fruiting stems of the aquatic and on 50 stems of the terrestrial form of the same clone. MDA, NPMANOVA Random Forest classification and cluster analysis were used to unravel the morphological differences between aquatic and terrestrial forms. The results of MDA cross-validated and Random Forest classification clearly indicated that only seed traits are stable within species (i.e., different forms of the same species keep similar morphology). Consequently, only seed morphology is valuable for taxonomic purposes since vegetative traits are highly influenced by environmental factors.

Performance of purebred and crossbred rabbits in Australia: doe reproductive and pre-weaning litter traits

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Prayaga ◽  
S. J. Eady
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Successful Mating ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Parity Number ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Foundation Stock

Data from a rabbit breeding experiment were analysed to compare the doe reproductive and pre-weaning litter performance of 3 breeds of rabbits, namely New Zealand White (N), Californian (C), and Flemish Giant (F), and their crosses CN (C × N) and FN (F × N). The foundation stock of 152 rabbits was collected from 26 different sources in New South Wales, Australia. Data on reproductive traits, doe age at first successful mating (DA), doe weight at first successful mating (DW) arising from 104 does, conception rate (CR) from 808 matings, and kindling interval (KI) from 325 records of 119 does were analysed. Overall means for reproductive traits DA, DW, CR, and KI were 21 weeks, 3.6 kg, 0.75, and 7.4 weeks, respectively. DA, CR, and KI did not differ significantly among different breeds and their crosses. DW of C does was found to be significantly lighter than all other breed crosses in the study. Month–year of mating significantly affected DA, DW, and CR (P < 0.01), and as the parity number increased, there was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in KI. As age of the doe at mating increased there was a significant increase in DW (P < 0.01), CR (P < 0.05), and KI (P < 0.01). Data from 436 litters of 157 does were included in the analysis of pre-weaning litter traits. The overall means for the pre-weaning litter traits were: number born per litter (NB, 8.1), number born alive per litter (NBA, 6.9), number weaned per litter (NW, 3.3), total litter birth weight (TLBW, 453.7 g), live litter birth weight (LLBW, 397.1 g), litter weaning weight (LWW, 2.8 kg), and average birth weight of kits per litter (ABW, 58.1 g). Doe breed significantly affected NW (P < 0.05), TLBW (P <�0.01), LLBW (P < 0.05), LWW, and ABW (P < 0.01). N does and crossbred does (CN and FN) performed better than purebred F and C does for NW and LWW. A significant heterosis of 41.9% and 40.8% was observed in CN does for traits NW and LWW, respectively. ABW of F does was significantly higher than that of all other breed crosses in the study. Buck breed did not have any significant effect on any of the pre-weaning litter traits under study. Parity significantly affected NW (P < 0.05), TLBW (P < 0.01), LLBW (P < 0.05), and ABW (P < 0.01). First parity does produced litters with significantly lighter birth weights. The month–year of birth effect was significant for NW, LWW (P < 0.01), and ABW (P < 0.05).�The coefficients of variation for the doe reproductive traits and pre-weaning litter traits ranged between 12.1 and 59.5% and 16.1 and 93.3%, respectively. High phenotypic variances and coefficients of variation observed for traits NW and LWW indicate that good response could be realised through selection. Repeatability estimates for reproductive traits CR and KI were very low. Low to moderate repeatability estimates in the range 0.17–0.25 were observed for pre-weaning litter traits. Significant positive phenotypic correlations were observed between litter size and litter weight traits (0.30–0.97). A significant negative correlation was observed between ABW and NB (–0.56) and NBA (–0.36).

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic variation of some reproductive traits in Egyptian buffalo

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Aziz ◽  
S.J. Schoeman ◽  
G.F. Jordaan ◽  
O.M. El-Chafie ◽  
A.T. Mahdy
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Egyptian Buffalo

scholarly journals Are Reproductive Traits Related to Pollen Limitation in Plants? A Case Study from a Central European Meadow

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Michael Bartoš ◽  
Štěpán Janeček ◽  
Petra Janečková ◽  
Eliška Chmelová ◽  
Robert Tropek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of

The deficiency of pollen grains for ovule fertilization can be the main factor limiting plant reproduction and fitness. Because of the ongoing global changes, such as biodiversity loss and landscape fragmentation, a better knowledge of the prevalence and predictability of pollen limitation is challenging within current ecological research. In our study we used pollen supplementation to evaluate pollen limitation (at the level of seed number and weight) in 22 plant species growing in a wet semi-natural meadow. We investigated the correlation between the pollen limitation index (PL) and floral traits associated with plant reproduction or pollinator foraging behavior. We recorded significant pollen limitation for approximately 41% of species (9 out of 22 surveyed). Seven species had a significant positive response in seed production and two species increased in seed weight after pollen supplementation. Considering traits, PL significantly decreased with the number of pollinator functional groups. The relationship of PL with other examined traits was not supported by our results. The causes of pollen limitation may vary among species with regard to (1) different reproductive strategies and life history, and/or (2) temporary changes in influence of biotic and abiotic factors at a site.

scholarly journals Effects of earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of the medicinal herb Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Zaller ◽  
F. Saccani ◽  
T. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Amf Inoculation

&nbsp; Both earthworms and symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) often co-occurr in ecosystems, however very little is known on their interrelationships. Here we tested to what extent earthworms (Annelida) or AMF (Glomales) separately or in combination affect the growth of the pharmaceutical plant species, pot marigold (Calendula officinalis, Asteraceae). We conducted a greenhouse experiment using non-sterilized field soil where we manipulated the factors earthworms (addition/no addition of the vertical burrowing species Lumbricus terrestris) and AMF (addition/no addition of a mix of the four Glomus taxa G. geosporum, G. mosseae, G. intraradices, G. claroideum). Leaf length and flower stem length was significantly increased by earthworms but remained unaffected by additional AMF. The longest leaves and flower stems were observed in pots containing earthworms but no additional AMF. The number of flower buds was unaffected by earthworms but marginally significantly increased by AMF. Plant shoot biomass production was significantly higher when earthworms were present; AMF inoculation had no effect on biomass production. Root biomass production and total plant biomass production remained unaffected by earthworms or AMF. These results indicate that in soil already containing AMF earthworm addition primarily affects vegetative growth while additional AMF inoculation tended to affect reproductive plant parts.

scholarly journals Effect of different soil types on growth and production of Napier-4 at the Regional Station of BLRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sirajul Islam ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
MA Habib ◽  
Md Yousuf Ali ◽  
Tahera Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Normal Soil

A comparative agronomical trial was conducted to know the effect of two different soil types on growth and production performance of BLRI Napier-4 fodder production at BLRI regional station, Baghabari, Shahzadpur, Sirajganj. Soil components are the determinant factors for growing any crops or fodders. Soil samples from sandy soil and normal soil (loamy) were analazed for soil pH, nitrogen, organic matter, salinity, Ca, K, S, Zn, Pb, Co, Mg, Fe etc. at the Central Laboratory of Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), Dhaka. Data were recorded on plant height, stem length, leaf length, number of leaf per stem, number of till per hill, yield per hill and total biomass yield per plot. Plant height, stem length and leaf length produced in normal soil were significantly higher (p<0.001) than those produced in sandy soil. Irrespective of soil type, the plant height, stem length, leaf length, yield per hill and biomass yield per plot produced in second harvest were significantly higher (p<0.001) than those produced in first harvest. But, number of leaf per stem and number of till per hill did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between two cuttings. It can be concluded from the present findings that BLRI Napier-4 cultivar may be produced in the sandy soil.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 182-185

scholarly journals Relative clutch mass of Basiliscus vittatus Wiegmann, 1828 (Squamata, Corytophanidae): female morphological constraints

Herpetozoa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Gabriel Suárez-Varón ◽  
Orlando Suárez-Rodríguez ◽  
Gisela Granados-González ◽  
Maricela Villagrán-Santa Cruz ◽  
Kevin M. Gribbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Family ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Clutch Mass

Clutch size (CS) and relative clutch mass (RCM) are considered important features in life history descriptions of species within Squamata. Variations in these two characteristics are caused by both biotic and abiotic factors. The present study provides the first account related to CS and RCM ofBasiliscus vittatusin Mexico within a population that inhabits an open riverbed juxtapositioned to tropical rainforest habitat in Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico (170 m a.s.l.). Twenty-nine gravid females were collected and kept in captivity under favorable conditions that promote oviposition. The CS within this population was 6.2 ± 0.2 and was correlated positively with snout vent-length (SVL); while the RCM was 0.17 ± 0.006 and was correlated positively with both CS and width of egg. Factors, such as female morphology and environmental conditions, should influence these reproductive traits inB. vittatus. The data collected in this study could provide a framework for comparisons of the life history traits across populations ofB. vittatusin Mexico and within other species of the family Corytophanidae and provide a model for testing how abiotic and biotic factors may influence the CS and RCM in basilisk lizards throughout their range.

scholarly journals The role of genus and life span in predicting seed and vegetative trait variation and correlation in Lathyrus, Phaseolus, and Vicia (Fabaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sterling A. Herron ◽  
Matthew J. Rubin ◽  
Matthew A. Albrecht ◽  
Quinn G. Long ◽  
Marissa C. Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Correlation Networks ◽  
Vegetative Traits

ABSTRACTPREMISE OF THE STUDYAnnual and perennial life history transitions are abundant among angiosperms, and understanding the phenotypic variation underlying life span shifts is a key endeavor of plant evolutionary biology. Comparative analyses of trait variation and correlation networks among annual and perennial plants is increasingly important as new perennial crops are being developed in a predominately annual-based agricultural setting. However, it remains unclear how seed to vegetative growth trait relationships may correlate with life span.METHODSWe measured 29 annual and perennial congeneric species of three herbaceous legume genera (Lathyrus, Phaseolus, and Vicia) for seed size and shape, germination proportion, and early vegetative height and leaf growth over three months in order to assess relative roles of genus and life span in predicting phenotypic variation and correlation.KEY RESULTSGenus was the greatest predictor of seed size and shape variation, while life span consistently predicted static vegetative growth traits. Correlation networks revealed that annual species had significant associations between seed traits and vegetative traits, while perennials had no significant seed-vegetative associations. Each genus also differed in the extent of integration between seed and vegetative traits, as well as within-vegetative trait correlation patterns.CONCLUSIONSGenus and life span were important for predicting aspects of early life stage phenotypic variation and trait relationships. Differences in phenotypic correlation may indicate selection on seed size traits will impact vegetative growth differently depending on life span, which has important implications for nascent perennial breeding programs.

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