Comparisons of the Root Mechanical Properties of three Native Mexican Tree Species for Soil Bioengineering Practices

Background: Urbanized slope areas in Sierra Madre Oriental are prone to sediment related disasters mainly caused by heavy rainfall episodes during hurricane season, knowledge on the factors on soil-roots dynamics are required to mitigate or lessen those disasters.Questions and hypothesis: The mechanical properties of roots of native species vary according species. The mechanical properties of the roots are influenced by the morphology of root: diameter.Species studied: Quercus rysophylla, Pinus pseudostrobus and Acacia berlandieri.Study site and dates: Sierra Madre Oriental, Chipinque National Park in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. From middle of December 2014.Methods: Selection of species was made base on widespread distribution and predominance in degraded areas. Samples were taken at field and tensile tests to calculate maximum force to root breakage were conducted using a laboratory dispositive, calculations of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were calculated using formulas. The corresponding relations between root diameter and mechanical properties were established.Results: Results confirmed that bigger diameters require bigger forces to break. In other hand, results confirmed the negative relationship between diameter and tensile strength and diameter and modulus of elasticity. Pointing out that roots of bigger diameter have less tensile strength and elasticity. The order of importance of the species studied according its mechanical properties was found like: Acacia berlandieri > Quercus rysophylla > Pinus pseudostrobus. Conclusions: The results of this study begin the data contribution of the mechanical properties of native species of Sierra Madre Oriental in order to use it in the application of soil bioengineering practices on urbanized slopes prone to disasters.

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Mechanical Properties of Native Tree Species for Soil Bioengineering in Northeastern Mexico

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-793 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rebeca Zavala ◽

Israel Cantú ◽

Laura Sánchez ◽

Humberto González ◽

Eduardo Estrada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Small Scale ◽

Ligustrum Lucidum ◽

Soil Bioengineering ◽

Minimum Value ◽

Cercis Canadensis ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Celtis Laevigata

In recent years, the effect of soil bioengineering has played a very important role on slope stability. However, our area of study is constantly under the influence of small-scale earthquakes and extreme events of heavy rainfall which cause potentially unstable conditions on the slopes. The mechanical properties of the root systems tensile strength (Ts) and modulus of elasticity (Eroot) of four native species were analyzed for a potential use as soil bioengineering elements. We investigated if tensile strength (N/mm2) and modulus of elasticity of roots (N/mm2) was different between studied species: Cercis canadensis, Celtis laevigata, Quercus rysophylla and Ligustrum lucidum. The species considered were selected based on their native characteristics and widespread existence on the slopes. Regarding tree forest species, the tests were conducted with the Universal Testing Machine Shimadzu type SLFL-100KN. The relationships among root diameter, tensile strength (Ts), and modulus of elasticity (Eroot) was negative and could be fitted with a power regression equation, showing highly significant&#160;&#160; values p<0.01.Celtis laevigata showed the maximum value of tensile strength (Ts) 28.11 N/mm2 while the minimum value of tensile strength was observed in Ligustrum lucidum 5.27 N/mm2. For the variable modulus of elasticity (Eroot) Celtis laevigata &#160;showed the maximum value of 90.01N/mm2 while the minimum value of modulus of elasticity was observed in Ligustrum lucidum 29.16 N/mm2.Results of mechanical proprieties are showed the following ascending order: Ligustrum lucidum < Quercus rysophylla < Cercis canadensis < Celtis laevigata. Likewise, Celtis laevigata showed the highest tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of all investigated species.&#160;Key words: root, tensile strength, modulus or elasticity.&#160;&#160;

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Ten Native Tree Species for potential use in Soil Bioengineering in northeastern Mexico

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 291

Author(s):

Rebeca Zavala González ◽

Israel Cantú-Silva ◽

Laura Sánchez-Castillo ◽

Humberto González-Rodríguez ◽

Tetsuya Kubota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Oak Forest ◽

Nuevo Leon ◽

Acacia Berlandieri ◽

Soil Bioengineering ◽

Group I ◽

Nuevo León ◽

Northeastern Mexico ◽

Tamaulipan Thornscrub

Background: Due to causes such as small-scale earthquakes or the increasing amount of heavy rainfall extreme events, many slopes are potentially unstable. Soil bioengineering is an effective tool for treatment of a variety of unstable and/ or eroding sites.Question and hypothesis: Maximum force to breakage of the roots is influenced by diameter.Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of roots is different between species of the two different ecosystems: Tamaulipan thornscrub and Pine-oak forest.Studied Species: Site 1: Acacia berlandieri, Cordia boissieri, Acacia rigidula, Havardia pallens, and Acacia farnesiana; Site 2: Quercus rysophylla, Pinus pseudostrobus, Quercus canbyi, Quercus polymorpha, and Arbutus xalapensis.Study area and dates: Tamaulipan thornscrub in Northeastern Mexico (Linares, Nuevo León), from May to July 2016; and Pine-Oak forest in Sierra Madre Oriental, Iturbide, Nuevo Leon, from September to October 2016.Methods: The species considered were selected based on their native characteristics (natural distribution, abundance in the area and widespread existence on slopes). The tests were conducted with the Universal Testing Machine Shimadzu type SLFL-100KN.Results: The relationships between tensile strength (Ts) and diameters of the studied species, and root diameters and modulus of elasticity (Eroot) were negative.The minimum and maximum values of tensile strength varied from 1.86 N / mm2 in C. boissieri to 44.65 N/mm2 in A. rigidula.Conclusions: Acacia berlandieri showed the highest tensile strength among all species of the two ecosystems, in the diametric group I (0.1 to 2.9 mm).

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Roller Compacted Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Paving Bases

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12083154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 3154 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hedelvan Emerson Fardin ◽

Adriana Goulart dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Splitting Tensile Strength ◽

Recycled Concrete ◽

Concrete Aggregate ◽

Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽

Roller Compacted Concrete ◽

Flexural Tensile Strength ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties

This research aimed to investigate the mechanical and physical properties of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) used with Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a replacement for natural coarse aggregate. The maximum dry density method was adopted to prepare RCC mixtures with 200 kg/m³ of cement content and coarse natural aggregates in the concrete mixture. Four RCC mixtures were produced from different RCA incorporation ratios (0%, 5%, 15%, and 30%). The compaction test, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity, porosity, density, and water absorption tests were performed to analyze the mechanical and physical properties of the mixtures. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to identify the influences of RCA on RCC’s mechanical properties. As RCA increased in mixtures, some mechanical properties were observed to decrease, such as modulus of elasticity, but the same was not observed in the splitting tensile strength. All RCCs displayed compressive strength greater than 15.0 MPa at 28 days, splitting tensile strength above 1.9 MPa, flexural tensile strength above 2.9 MPa, and modulus of elasticity above 19.0 GPa. According to Brazilian standards, the RCA added to RCC could be used for base layers.

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Influence of the surface treatment of tire rubber residues added in mortars

Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais ◽

10.1590/s1983-41952008000200001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. C. Marques ◽

J. L. Akasaki ◽

A. P. M. Trigo ◽

M. L. Marques

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Aqueous Solution ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Tire Rubber ◽

Flow Test ◽

Made In

In this work it was evaluated the influence tire rubber addition in mortars in order to replace part of the sand (12% by volume). It was also intended to verify if the tire rubber treatment with NaOH saturated aqueous solution causes interference on the mechanical properties of the mixture. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, modulus of elasticity, and flow test were made in specimens of 5cmx10cm and the tests were carried out to 7, 28, 56, 90, and 180 days. The results show reduction on mechanical properties values after addition of tire rubber and decrease of the workability. It was also observed that the tire rubber treatment does not cause any alteration on the results compared to the rubber without treatment.

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Tension mechanical properties of recycled glass-epoxy composite material

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt1243189p ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 189-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jelena Petrovic ◽

Darko Ljubic ◽

Marina Stamenovic ◽

Ivana Dimic ◽

Slavisa Putic

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Composite Material ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Epoxy Composite ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Recycled Glass ◽

Before And After

The significance of composite materials and their applications are mainly due to their good properties. This imposes the need for their recycling, thus extending their lifetime. Once used composite material will be disposed as a waste at the end of it service life. After recycling, this kind of waste can be used as raw materials for the production of same material, which raises their applicability. This indicates a great importance of recycling as a method of the renowal of composite materials. This study represents a contribution to the field of mechanical properties of the recycled composite materials. The tension mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus of elasticity) of once used and disposed glass-epoxy composite material were compared before and after the recycling. The obtained results from mechanical tests confirmed that the applied recycling method was suitable for glass-epoxy composite materials. In respect to the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity it can be further assessed the possibility of use of recycled glass-epoxy composite materials.

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Effects of Irradiation by UV- Acceleration on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends (Polyester: Starch)

Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences ◽

10.29194/njes21010147 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sihama I. Salih ◽

Qahtan A. Hamad ◽

Safaa N. Abdul Jabbar ◽

Najat H. Sabit

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽

Polymer Blends ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Unsaturated Polyester ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Weight Fraction ◽

Elongation Percentage

This work covers mixing of unsaturated polyester (un- polyester) with starch powders as polymer blends and study the effects of irradiation by UV-acceleration on mechanical properties of its. The unsaturated polyester was mixing by starch powders at particle size less than (45 µm) at selected weight fraction of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%). These properties involve ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation percentage, flexural modulus, flexural strength, fracture toughness, impact strength and hardness. The results illustrate decrease in the ultimate tensile strength at and elongation percentage, while increasing modulus of elasticity, with increasing the weight ratio of starch powder to 3 % weight fraction, whereas the maximum value of hardness and flexural, impact properties happened at 1 % weight fraction for types of polymer blends.

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Improved Performance of an Epoxy Matrix as a Result of Combining Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2013/493147 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

L. Ramos-Galicia ◽

L. N. Mendez ◽

Ana Laura Martínez-Hernández ◽

A. Espindola-Gonzalez ◽

I. R. Galindo-Esquivel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Epoxy Matrix ◽

Neat Epoxy ◽

Synergic Effect ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Improved Performance ◽

Tensile Toughness

We present an easy and effective way to improve the mechanical properties of an epoxy matrix by reinforcing it with a combination of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). These nanocomposites were prepared with different load of nanofillers: 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0 wt% and a neat epoxy. Ratios of graphene oxide and reduced graphene (GO : RGO) employed were: 0 : 1, 0.25 : 0.75, 0.5 : 0.5, 0.75 : 0.25, and 1 : 0. Results show that with only 0.4 wt% and a ratio 0.2 : 0.75 of GO : RGO, tensile strength and tensile toughness are 52% and 152% higher than neat epoxy while modulus of elasticity was improved~20%. The obtained results suggest that it is possible achieve advantageous properties by combining graphene in oxidized and reduced conditions as it shows a synergic effect by the presence of both nanofillers.

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Fracture Mechanical Properties of Rocks and Mortar/Rock Interfaces

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-370-377 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 370 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Manouchehr Hassanzadeh

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Fracture Energy ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Splitting Tensile Strength ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Interfacial Zone ◽

Test Results

AbstractThis study has determined the fracture mechanical properties of 9 types of rock, namely fine-, medium- and coarse-grained granites, gneiss, quartzite, diabase, gabbro, and fine- and coarse-grained limestones. Test results show among other things that quartzite has the highest compressive strength and fracture energy, while diabase has the highest splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Furthermore, the strength and fracture energy of the interfacial zone between the rocks and 6 different mortars have been determined. The results showed that, in this investigation, the mortar/rock interfaces are in most cases weaker than both mortars and rocks.

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An experimental technique for the evaluation of properties of ice

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1991.1919 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 1919-1925 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.L. Chu ◽

R.J. Scavuzzo ◽

T.S. Srivatsan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Test Temperature ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Analytical Modeling ◽

Ice Accretion ◽

Structural Components ◽

Incipient Melting ◽

Test Technique ◽

Rotary Wing

The problem of ice accretion and accumulation on critical structural components of fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft structures has in recent years engendered much interest. However, the mechanical properties of the accreted impact ices are at present not adequately known and, therefore, analytical modeling of this particular material is not possible. This paper proposes a technique for experimentally determining both the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of ice. The feasibility and accuracy of the test technique were verified by determining the properties of laboratory grown ice. Results reveal a slight degradation of ice tensile strength with an increase in test temperature. The degradation in ice tensile strength is rationalized on the basis of competing mechanistic effects involving an incipient melting of the ice at the higher test temperature and a concomitant intrinsic variation in microstructural features due to variations in freezing rate. Application of the test technique to impact ices will soon be conducted inside an icing wing tunnel.

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Structure, Composition, and Mechanical Properties of Australian Orthodontic Wires

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/022408-110.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 97-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Brian M. Pelsue ◽

Spiros Zinelis ◽

T. Gerard Bradley ◽

David W. Berzins ◽

Theodore Eliades ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Vickers Hardness ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Orthodontic Wires ◽

Vickers Hardness Number ◽

X Ray ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Lower Tensile Strength

Abstract Objective: To investigate the surface morphology, structure, elemental composition, and key mechanical properties of various sizes and tempers of Australian wires. Materials and Methods: Three types of Australian wire were used: 0.016″ regular, 0.018″ regular+, and 0.018″ special+ (A.J. Wilcock, Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia). Each type of wire was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) investigation, Vickers hardness testing, and tensile testing. The modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength were determined. Hardness, modulus, and strength data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey testing at the .05 level of significance. Results: All three types of Australian wire were found to possess considerably rough surfaces with striations, irregularities, and excessive porosity. All three wire types had high levels of carbon and a similar hardness, which ranged within 600 VHN (Vickers hardness number), and a similar modulus of elasticity (173 to 177 GPa). The 0.018″ special+ had a significantly lower tensile strength (1632 MPa) than the 0.016″ regular and the 0.018″ regular+ wire (2100 MPa). Conclusions: Australian wires did not show variation implied by the size or temper of the wires.

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