scholarly journals Structure, Composition, and Mechanical Properties of Australian Orthodontic Wires

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Pelsue ◽  
Spiros Zinelis ◽  
T. Gerard Bradley ◽  
David W. Berzins ◽  
Theodore Eliades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Vickers Hardness Number ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength

Abstract Objective: To investigate the surface morphology, structure, elemental composition, and key mechanical properties of various sizes and tempers of Australian wires. Materials and Methods: Three types of Australian wire were used: 0.016″ regular, 0.018″ regular+, and 0.018″ special+ (A.J. Wilcock, Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia). Each type of wire was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) investigation, Vickers hardness testing, and tensile testing. The modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength were determined. Hardness, modulus, and strength data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey testing at the .05 level of significance. Results: All three types of Australian wire were found to possess considerably rough surfaces with striations, irregularities, and excessive porosity. All three wire types had high levels of carbon and a similar hardness, which ranged within 600 VHN (Vickers hardness number), and a similar modulus of elasticity (173 to 177 GPa). The 0.018″ special+ had a significantly lower tensile strength (1632 MPa) than the 0.016″ regular and the 0.018″ regular+ wire (2100 MPa). Conclusions: Australian wires did not show variation implied by the size or temper of the wires.

Vickers Microhardness Dependence Load and Determining of Tensile Strength of HQ 705 Steel from Microhardness Curves

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Malau ◽  
Latif Arifudin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Indentation Load ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vickers Hardness Number

Vickers microindentation hardness test has been applied for a long time to determine the mechanical properties of a small volume of samples. The procedure of this hardness test consists of using a constant load on a rigid indenter and measuring the dimensions of the indenter residual impression (indentation imprint) on the surface of the sample tested after loading and unloading. The objective of this research is to characterize the mechanical properties and material constants of HQ (High Quality) 705 alloy steel mainly its VHN (Vickers Hardness Number) and tensile strength before and after quenching and tempering heat treatments. The characterization is based on Vickers microhardness dependence load curves.Quenching treatment was performed in a furnace by heating the samples at austenite temperature of 850 o C with holding time of two hours and then the samples were rapidly cooled in oil bath. Tempering processes were conducted by heating again the quenching samples to temperatures of 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 o C with holding time of two hours for each sample. Finally, all samples were slowly cooled in atmospheric temperature. The mechanical properties of samples were characterized by using Vickers microhardness dependence load curves.The results show that VHN (Vickers Hardness Number) depends on indentation load and VHN increases with increment of load for indentation load lower than 5 N. VHN is almost constant for indentation load greater than 5 N. The raw material (without heat treatment) has the VHN and tensile strength of 3413 MPa and 1050.61 MPa respectively and the quenched samples have the VHN and tensile strength of 5407 and 1861 MPa respectively. The Vickers hardness and tensile strength decrease with the increment of tempering temperatures. The higher tempering temperature produces lower hardness and tensile strength. The raw material tensile strength of 1058.8 MPa obtained by tensile test is comparable to its tensile strength of 1050.61 MPa obtained by Vickers indentation. This result indicates that Vickers microindentation is valid to use for evaluating the tensile strength of HQ 705 alloy steel.

scholarly journals Influence of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of CrNi stainless steel orthodontic wires

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Clariana Hoehne Sepúlveda ◽  
Sávio Morato de Lacerda Gontijo ◽  
Leandro de Arruda Santos ◽  
Alexandre Fortes Drummond ◽  
Leonardo Foresti Soares de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Rectangular Section ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Orthodontic Archwires

ABSTRACT Introduction: The heat treatment of stainless steel wires is a routine clinical procedure adopted by many dentists in order to relieve the stress caused after performing bends in the archwire. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of heat treatment of stainless steel archwires with a rectangular section of 0.016 x 0.022’-in. Methods: For analysis of the dimensional stability, the anterior and posterior dimensions of forty 0.016 x 0.022-in stainless steel orthodontic archwires without heat treatment and 30 days after heat treatment were evaluated. For analysis of the mechanical properties, 12 stainless steel wire segments with the same rectangular section without heat treatment and 30 days after heat treatment were tested through tensile strength and strain tests. To evaluate if there were differences between the anterior and posterior dimensions, the results were analyzed by the Student’s t-test. To compare the tensile strength and strain between the groups, the ANOVA test was used. The level of significance adopted was 95% (p< 0.05). Results: The heat treatment did not stop the expansion of archwires 30 days after their preparation, and there was no statistical difference in the tensile strength and strain tests with and without heat treatment. Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it can be conclude that the mechanical behavior of heat-treated stainless steel archwires is similar to that of archwires not subjected to heat treatment.

Assessment of Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Pellethane®

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.D. Biester ◽  
D.M. Behrend ◽  
H. Klinkmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Uniaxial Tension ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
High Degree

Pellethane® CPR 2363-80A nonreinforced (PUR), nonreinforced and twice sterilized (PUR F2), reinforced with Dacron® (Dm), Grisuten® (DG) and glassfibre (PUG) and fabricated under different conditions have been examinated. Tests included uniaxial tension at 310 K, torsional movement from 293 to 319 K, X-ray structure, SEM, visual surface clotting, thrombocyte adhesion and degree of albumenisation. Typical in vitro results were: modulus of elasticity E [MPa] (PUR: 1.33, Dm: 4.22, DG: 1.86, PUG: 622.5), tensile strength δB [MPa] (43.4, 12.5, 21.7, 24.9), elongation at break δ [%] (1122, 109, 660, 479), dynamic modulus of sliding G', G” [MPa] at 293 K (8.7, 0.4/ 15.9, 0.9/ 12.1, 1.3/ 17.1, 1.5), damping tanδ (0.13, 0.1, 0.16, 0.12), orientational degree at 5% elongation fx [%] (PUR: 0.5), low thrombogenicity and high degree of albumenisation. The results indicate a strong dependency of mechanical and biocompatibility properties on membrane and housing fabrication. The most effective combination is a thin PUR membrane and a PUG housing fabricated under special conditions.

Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

Mechanical properties of low-density paper

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Na Young Park ◽  
Young Chan Ko ◽  
Lili Melani ◽  
Hyoung Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Tensile Stiffness ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength

AbstractFor the mechanical properties of paper, tensile testing has been widely used. Among the tensile properties, the tensile stiffness has been used to determine the softness of low-density paper. The lower tensile stiffness, the greater softness of paper. Because the elastic region may not be clearly defined in a load-elongation curve, it is suggested to use the tensile modulus which is defined as the slope between the two points in the curve. The two points which provide the best correlation with subjective softness evaluation should be selected. Low-density paper has a much lower tensile strength, but much larger elongation at the break. It undergoes a continuous structural change during mechanical testing. The degree of the structural change should depend on tensile conditions such as the sample size, the gauge length, and the rate of elongation. For low-density paper, the tensile modulus and the tensile strength should be independent of each other. The structure efficiency factor (SEF) is defined as a ratio of the tensile strength to the tensile modulus and it may be used a guideline in developing superior low-density paper products.

scholarly journals Roller Compacted Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Paving Bases

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedelvan Emerson Fardin ◽  
Adriana Goulart dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Roller Compacted Concrete ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

This research aimed to investigate the mechanical and physical properties of Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) used with Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a replacement for natural coarse aggregate. The maximum dry density method was adopted to prepare RCC mixtures with 200 kg/m³ of cement content and coarse natural aggregates in the concrete mixture. Four RCC mixtures were produced from different RCA incorporation ratios (0%, 5%, 15%, and 30%). The compaction test, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity, porosity, density, and water absorption tests were performed to analyze the mechanical and physical properties of the mixtures. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to identify the influences of RCA on RCC’s mechanical properties. As RCA increased in mixtures, some mechanical properties were observed to decrease, such as modulus of elasticity, but the same was not observed in the splitting tensile strength. All RCCs displayed compressive strength greater than 15.0 MPa at 28 days, splitting tensile strength above 1.9 MPa, flexural tensile strength above 2.9 MPa, and modulus of elasticity above 19.0 GPa. According to Brazilian standards, the RCA added to RCC could be used for base layers.

scholarly journals Influence of the surface treatment of tire rubber residues added in mortars

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Marques ◽  
J. L. Akasaki ◽  
A. P. M. Trigo ◽  
M. L. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Made In

In this work it was evaluated the influence tire rubber addition in mortars in order to replace part of the sand (12% by volume). It was also intended to verify if the tire rubber treatment with NaOH saturated aqueous solution causes interference on the mechanical properties of the mixture. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, modulus of elasticity, and flow test were made in specimens of 5cmx10cm and the tests were carried out to 7, 28, 56, 90, and 180 days. The results show reduction on mechanical properties values after addition of tire rubber and decrease of the workability. It was also observed that the tire rubber treatment does not cause any alteration on the results compared to the rubber without treatment.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Shell Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sahari ◽  
M. A. Maleque
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Oil Palm Shell

The mechanical properties of oil palm shell (OPS) composites were investigated with different volume fraction of OPS such as 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% using unsaturated polyester (UPE) as a matrix. The results presented that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the UPE/OPS composites increased as the OPS loading increased. The highest tensile modulus of UPE/OPS was obtained at 30 vol% of OPS with the value of 8.50 GPa. The tensile strength of the composites was 1.15, 1.17, and 1.18 times higher than the pure UPE matrix for 10, 20, and 30 vol% of OPS, respectively. The FTIR spectra showed the change of functional group of composites with different volume fractions of OPS. SEM analysis shows the filler pull-out present in the composites which proved the poor filler-matrix interfacial bonding.

scholarly journals Tension mechanical properties of recycled glass-epoxy composite material

2012 ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Petrovic ◽  
Darko Ljubic ◽  
Marina Stamenovic ◽  
Ivana Dimic ◽  
Slavisa Putic
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Recycled Glass ◽  
Before And After

The significance of composite materials and their applications are mainly due to their good properties. This imposes the need for their recycling, thus extending their lifetime. Once used composite material will be disposed as a waste at the end of it service life. After recycling, this kind of waste can be used as raw materials for the production of same material, which raises their applicability. This indicates a great importance of recycling as a method of the renowal of composite materials. This study represents a contribution to the field of mechanical properties of the recycled composite materials. The tension mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus of elasticity) of once used and disposed glass-epoxy composite material were compared before and after the recycling. The obtained results from mechanical tests confirmed that the applied recycling method was suitable for glass-epoxy composite materials. In respect to the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity it can be further assessed the possibility of use of recycled glass-epoxy composite materials.

scholarly journals Effects of Irradiation by UV- Acceleration on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends (Polyester: Starch)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihama I. Salih ◽  
Qahtan A. Hamad ◽  
Safaa N. Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Najat H. Sabit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Elongation Percentage

This work covers mixing of unsaturated polyester (un- polyester) with starch powders as polymer blends and study the effects of irradiation by UV-acceleration on mechanical properties of its. The unsaturated polyester was mixing by starch powders at particle size less than (45 µm) at selected weight fraction of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%). These properties involve ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation percentage, flexural modulus, flexural strength, fracture toughness, impact strength and hardness. The results illustrate decrease in the ultimate tensile strength at and elongation percentage, while increasing modulus of elasticity, with increasing the weight ratio of starch powder to 3 % weight fraction, whereas the maximum value of hardness and flexural, impact properties happened at 1 % weight fraction for types of polymer blends.

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