The effects of bovine urine application on two soil nitrogen compounds and growth of three forage grasses in the Colombian Piedmont plains

The effects of application of bovine urine on biomass and nitrogen (N) accumulation in 3 tropical grasses (Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk, U. humidicola cv. Humidicola and Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombasa), and on available N concentrations in soil (NH4+-N, NO3--N) were studied using a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. There were significant interactions between species and urine application over time in terms of herbage accumulation and N concentration (P<0.01), with significant differences in the concentrations of N available in the soil (P<0.01). Soil temperature and precipitation had important effects on the concentrations of both soil ions. Application of bovine urine increased dry matter accumulation of all grasses in the short term and of U. decumbens over the whole year. Application of urine increased soil N levels, but for U. humidicola and M. maximus the effects were transient. It is necessary to continue with longer-term studies in the Piedmont plains to determine the effects of livestock grazing on the biogeochemical cycles, environmental impacts and natural mitigation options that the ecosystem offers, e.g. CO2 sequestration, biological nitrification inhibitors and organic matter decomposition.

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Evaluation of Pearl millet varieties under rainfed region of eastern India

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.5.4.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (04) ◽

Author(s):

MK SINGH ◽

VINOD KUMAR

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Research Station ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Dry Land ◽

Available N ◽

Randomized Block Design

Field experiments were carried out at Dry land research station, KVK Munger during kharif seasons of 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the yield potential and economics of pearl millet varieties under the rainfed condition of sub-humid sub-tropical environment of South Bihar. The sandy-loam soil of the experimental field was low in organic carbon (0.26%), available N (182.5 kg ha-1), and available P2 O5 (19.5 kg ha-1) and medium in K2O (168.kg ha-1) content, having pH 6.8. Experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice with nine pearl millet varieties viz. Pusa hybrid 1201, Pusa hybrid 1202, Pusa composit 443, Pusa composit 612, Proagro 9444, Proagro 9444 GOLD, Proagro 9330+, Proagro Tejas and Proagro 9450. The highest plant dry matter accumulation (126.68g plant-1) at harvest stage was noticed with hybrid 'Proagro 9444' which was atpar to 'Pusa hybrid 1201', 'Pusa hybrid 1202' and 'Proagro 9450'. Significantly higher grain yield (33.87 q ha-1) was in hybrid 'Proagro 9450' which was comparable to 'Proagro 9444' (32.09 q ha-1) and 'Pusa hybrid 1201' (30.67 q ha-1) but superior over other varieties. The significantly more net return (Rs 67815 ha-1) and B:C ratio(3.41) was with Proagro 9450 but at par to Proagro 9444.(Rs 66188 and 3.33)

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Organic, organomineral, and mineral fertilizers with urease and nitrification inhibitors for wheat and corn under no-tillage

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2016000800003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (8) ◽

pp. 916-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juliano Corulli Corrêa ◽

Marco André Grohskopf ◽

Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso ◽

Késia Silva Lourenço ◽

Rosemari Martini

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Nitrification Inhibitors ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

No Tillage ◽

Available N

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate soil chemical attributes, leaf nitrogen content, and corn and wheat yields under a no-tillage system in response to the application of organic, organomineral, and mineral fertilizers with or without urease and nitrification inhibitors. The experiment was carried out on the field, with one wheat and two corn crops, on a Rhodic Kandiudox, in a randomized complete block design with six replicates. The evaluated treatments were: control, without fertilization; O, poultry litter as an organic fertilizer; O+I, poultry litter and inhibitors; OM, organomineral fertilizer; OM+I, organomineral fertilizer and inhibitors; U, urea as a mineral fertilizer; and U+I, super urea with the urease inhibitor alone. The use of organic, organomineral, and mineral fertilizers, with or without inhibitors, increased available N content in the 0.00-0.05-m soil layer. In deeper layers, only OM+I in the 0.05-0.10-m layer and U+I in the 0.10-0.20-m layer provided higher contents than the control treatment. Leaf N contents were adequate, regardless of the fertilizer used. The O, O+I, OM, and OM+I treatments increase available P content and base saturation, and decrease H+Al on soil surface. Moreover, all fertilizers increase total grain yield of the two studied crops, in the following order: OM+I > U+I ≥ U > OM ≥ O+I ≥ O.

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Integrated Nutrient Management for Increasing Growth with Sustainability of Baby Corn

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.02.009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (02) ◽

pp. 4817 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gurmeet Singh ◽

Navtej Singh ◽

Ramandeep Kaur*

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Integrated Nutrient Management ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Area Index ◽

Available N ◽

Randomized Block Design

Field experiment was conducted to study Integrated Nutrient Management for increasing Growth with Sustainability of Baby Corn on sandy loam soils, low in available N, high in available P and K for two consecutive kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015. The experiment was laid down in randomized block design having seven treatments i.e. T1= Control, T2= 100 per cent recommended dose of N, T3 = 5 tones of FYM + 100 kg inorganic N ha-1, T4= 10 tonne of FYM + 75kg inorganic N ha-1, T5= 15tonne of FYM + 50 kg inorganic N ha-1, T6= 20tonne of FYM + 25 kg inorganic N ha-1, T7= 25 tonne of FYM ha-1 replicated four times. Significant increase in all growth parameters of baby corn was observed with Integrated Nutrient Management over control. Moreover, among nutrient management treatments, the integration of 5 tonne of FYM with 100 kg of inorganic N ha-1 came out to be the best for all growth characters viz. plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation.

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Peningkatan Kandungan N Dan P Tanah Serta Hasil Padi Sawah Akibat Aplikasi Azolla pinnata Dan Pupuk Hayati Azotobacter chroococcum Dan Pseudomonas cepaceae

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v3i1.257 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mieke Rochimi Setiawati

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽

Azolla Pinnata ◽

Average Yield ◽

Available N ◽

Soil P ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

P Content ◽

Two Factors ◽

Biological Fertilizer

This study aims was to determine the potential of water fern Azolla pinnata combined with biofertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum N2-fixing bacteria and Pseudomonas cepaceae phosphate solublelizing bacteria) in improving N and P content of the soil, and yield of paddy rice crops. This research was conducted in lowland Sanggar Penelitian Latihan dan Pengembangan Pertanian (SPLPP), Ciparay Bandung regency. The experimental design used was randomized block design with factorial pattern that consists of two factors. The first factor that A. pinnata (A) consists of two levels, without A. pinnata and A. pinnata with as 3 tons ha-1. The second factor is the biological fertilizer (H) consists of 3 levels with doses of 0, 5, and 10 L ha-1. The results showed A. pinnata and biofertilizer do not interact to increased soil N and P, as well as lowland rice crops. However, A. pinnata independently can increase the content of available N and P soil, while the biofertilizer 10 L ha-1 is able to increase the available soil-P content compared with controls. The combination of A. pinnata and biofertilizers have not been able to increase the yield of rice significantly, but can increase the yield of rice by 16.1 % compared to the average yield of rice in paddy field locations in Ciparay Bandung regency

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Dry matter production and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632020v5061011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

Izabela Richena Barbosa ◽

Rafaela Silva Santana ◽

Munir Mauad ◽

Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Matter Production ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

ABSTRACT There are several benefits in the cultivation of Crotalaria spp., including high levels of biomass production and N accumulation, nutrient cycling and antagonistic activity against some nematodes. However, information on nutritional demand is still scarce for these species. This study aimed to determine the dry matter production and macronutrient uptake in shoots of Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis. Two experiments (one for each species) were carried out in a randomized block design, with three replications, assessing thirteen harvest times for C. juncea and ten for C. spectabilis. After each harvest, the samples were dried, weighed and submitted to laboratory analysis, in order to determine the nutrient contents in different parts of the plant. The nutrient accumulation on the shoots, for both species, occurred in the order K > N > P, being the stem the main organ of nutrient accumulation. Also for both species, the export of nutrients by the grains followed the order N > K > P. The maximum dry matter accumulation occurred at 135 and 104 days after emergence (DAE), respectively for C. juncea and C. spectabilis, while the production of viable seeds, in both species, had already begun at 90 DAE.

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Ecological responses of Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia to experimentally increased temperature and precipitation. 4. Carbon exchange

The Rangeland Journal ◽

10.1071/rj16080 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 159 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luomeng Chao ◽

Zhiqiang Wan ◽

Yulong Yan ◽

Rui Gu ◽

Yali Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Ecosystem Respiration ◽

Block Design ◽

Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽

Carbon Exchange ◽

Ecosystem Productivity ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Gross Ecosystem Productivity

Aspects of carbon exchange were investigated in typical steppe east of Xilinhot city in Inner Mongolia. Four treatments with four replicates were imposed in a randomised block design: Control (C), warming (T), increased precipitation (P) and combined warming and increased precipitation (TP). Increased precipitation significantly increased both ecosystem respiration (ER) and soil respiration (SR) rates. Warming significantly reduced the ER rate but not the SR rate. The combination of increased precipitation and warming produced an intermediate response. The sensitivity of ER and SR to soil temperature and air temperature was assessed by calculating Q10 values: the increase in respiration for a 10°C increase in temperature. Q10 was lowest under T and TP, and highest under P. Both ER and SR all had significantly positive correlation with soil moisture. Increased precipitation increased net ecosystem exchange and gross ecosystem productivity, whereas warming reduced them. The combination of warming and increased precipitation had an intermediate effect. Both net ecosystem exchange and gross ecosystem productivity were positively related to soil moisture and negatively related to soil and air temperature. These findings suggest that predicted climate change in this region, involving both increased precipitation and warmer temperatures, will increase the net ecosystem exchange in the Stipa steppe meaning that the ecosystem will fix more carbon.

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Diversity of Functional Soil Microbes in Manures and Its Effect on Organic Mustard Green (Brassica juncea) Production

Journal of Tropical Crop Science ◽

10.29244/jtcs.6.01.60-66 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (01) ◽

pp. 60-66

Author(s):

Ari Kurniawati ◽

Maya Melati ◽

Sandra Arifin Aziz ◽

Purwono Purwono

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Soil Microbes ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Research Field ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Soil P ◽

Goat Manure ◽

Mustard Green

The application of organic fertilizer, especially manures, for crop production has long-term effects for soil nutrients availability and improvement of soil structure. The improvement of soil properties involves interactions of various types of microorganism in the soil. The research aimed to study the effects of different types of manures on the diversity of functional soil microbes and its effects on organic green mustard production. The experiment was conducted at IPB organic research field, Cikarawang, Darmaga, Bogor, from April to June 2015. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with two factors; the first factor was types of manure, i.e. chicken, cow, and goat manures; the second factor was manure rates, i.e. 0 and 10 ton.ha-1, so there were six treatments in total, replicated three times. The results showed that chicken manure application resulted in a higher mustard green yield and soil-P content than application of goat manure. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures increased C-organic, N, K, and C/N ratio in soil significantly, but mustard green production was not affected. The diversity of microbe population of the soil treated with all types of manures was high. The addition 10 ton.ha-1 of manures decreased the total number of microbes, but increased the number of cellulose-degrading microbes. The population of cellulose-degrading and phosphate-solubilizing microbes in the soil applied with cow manure was higher than those applied with the other manures.

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Effect of biostimulants on dry matter accumulation and gas exchange in plantain plants (Musa AAB)

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas ◽

10.17584/rcch.2019v13i2.8460 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 151-160

Author(s):

Diana Mateus-Cagua ◽

Gustavo Rodríguez-Yzquierdo

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Vegetative Phase ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Positive Effect

Biostimulants can potentially improve plant growth and development, modifying physiological processes. This study evaluated the effect of four biostimulants on the growth of ‘Hartón’ plantain plants and the leaf gas exchange during the vegetative phase. This experiment was developed on a plantain farm’s nursery in Fuente de Oro (Colombia) with a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments were the biostimulants: Bactox WP®: Bacillus subtilis (Bs); Baliente®: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba); Tierra Diatomeas®: silicon dioxide (Si); Re-Leaf®: salicylic acid (SA) and the control (water). All products had a positive effect on the accumulation of total dry matter (DM) (between 58.4 and 21.9%) and on the photosynthetic activity (a maximum of 110 and 24.3% in first and second evaluation), as compared to the control, while no differences were found (P>0.05) for the foliar emission rate and chlorophyll content between the treatments. The plants treated with Bs had the greatest DM accumulation at the end of the study and a constant, high photosynthetic activity. All the while Bs, Ba and Si managed to stimulate greater early photosynthetic activity. According to the results, the use of these biostimulants during the vegetative phase had an effect on the physiological processes that enhance DM accumulation in plantain plants, which could be potentially useful for the transplanting stage and increase the reserves used during their establishment and development in the field.

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Studying the Solubility, availability, and uptake of silicon (Si) from some ore minerals in sandy soil

Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology ◽

10.15608/stjssa.v15i2.21430 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rama T. Rashad ◽

Rashad A. Hussien

Keyword(s):

Sandy Soil ◽

Block Design ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Available N ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Silicon Uptake ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Ore Minerals ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

The Individual

The solubility and availability of Si from the feldspar, silica, and zeolite as Si-bearing minerals were studied in a sandy soil. Silicon uptake by the soybean (Glycine max L.) plant was discussed. The minerals used were applied before planting in two separate rates; rate 1 ≈ 595.2 and rate 2 ≈ 1190.5 kg ha-1 accompanied by a ≈ 4.8 kg ha-1 constant rate of the K-humate sprayed as a solution on soil after planting in a complete randomized block design. The dissolved Si from the different minerals at rate 2 followed an opposite direction to their SiO2 percentage that may be due to the structural differences: silica (1.46 mg kg-1 - SiO2 =98.4%) < zeolite (1.71 mg kg-1 - SiO2 =75.9%) < feldspar (2.09 mg kg-1 - SiO2 = 71.9%). The individual mineral treatments at rate 2 have almost decreased the available NPK estimated after soybean harvesting. The K-humate has enhanced the effect of silica at rate 2 for the available N and P. The soybean seed yield (kg ha-1) increased significantly by 117.9% for the S1 + H, 109.2% for K-humate and 57.5% for the Z2 + H. The seeds’ Si (mg kg-1) increased significantly from 3.6% to 102.9% affected by the silica treatments.

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Productivity and Profitability of Fodder Cowpea Cultivars under Various Zinc Management Practices in IGP of India

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4599 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manisha . ◽

Rakesh Kumar ◽

Hardev Ram ◽

Rajesh Kumar Meena ◽

Dinesh Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Available N ◽

Cowpea Cultivars ◽

Fertility Status ◽

Net Returns ◽

Green Fodder ◽

Fodder Yield

Background: Soils of North-Western Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) are deficient in zinc content which may lead to lower forage yield of cowpea. Henceforth, the adequate supply of zinc either through soil or foliar spray and selection of suitable cultivar of cowpea could enhance the fodder productivity.Methods: A field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design during Kharif season, 2019 to assess the effect of different zinc management practices (control; 10 kg ZnSO4; 20 kg ZnSO4; 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at 20 DAS; 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at 20 and 40 DAS) on productivity and profitability of cowpea cultivars (C-152; MFC-08-14; MFC-09-1) and post-harvest fertility status of soil.Result: Cowpea cv. C-152 showed the highest growth attributes, green fodder yield, nutrient content as well as uptake and net returns. Among different zinc management practices, the application of 20 kg ZnSO4 as basal application or 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray at 20 and 40 DAS recorded significantly highest growth, green fodder yield, nutrient content as well as uptake and net returns. Significantly highest soil OC, available N, K and Zn were also noted under these treatments. It is inferred that cowpea cv. C-152 and application of either 20 kg ZnSO4 as basal or 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at 20 and 40 DAS were found the most productive and profitable approach and sustained the soil fertility status.

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