scholarly journals Varietal differences in yield and nutritional quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) accessions during 20 months after planting in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Tessema Atumo ◽  
Christopher Stephen Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Varietal Differences

Feed supply in terms of quality and quantity plays an important role in livestock production and productivity. Here we report on varietal differences in yield and nutritional quality among 9 alfalfa accessions over 7 harvests following planting in Ethiopia. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 3 replications at Chano Mille, Southern Ethiopia on a sandy loam soil where mean annual rainfall is 544 mm. Days to harvesting, plant height, dry matter yield, seed yield and the concentrations of the nutritional quality parameters crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose plus in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) were assessed to rank the accessions. There were significant (P<0.001) differences between accessions and harvests in plant height, dry matter yield and seed yield. Accession ILRI_7323A performed best in all agro-morphological aspects. All accessions, except 1, produced forage with CP in excess of 30% and IVDMD greater than 80% with RFV greater than 150 at 50% flowering, indicating the high quality of forage produced. Further studies to assess the longevity of stands of the various accessions seem warranted along with studies in higher rainfall environments or under irrigation.

scholarly journals Yield and Nutritional Quality of Sweet Lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) Grown in Midaltitudes of Lemo District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fikadu T. Riga ◽  
Kassa S. Retta ◽  
Melkamu B. Derseh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber

The study was conducted to determine the yield and nutritional quality of sweet lupine (Lupinus angustifolius.) grown in midaltitude of Lemo District, Southern Ethiopia. The yield and nutritive value of sweet lupine in terms of quantity and quality was conducted using a factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments for the study were two sweet lupine varieties (Vitabore and Sanabore), two locations (Upper Gana and Jewe Kebeles, and six levels of planting spacing: 30 cm × 7 cm (S1), 40 cm × 7 cm (S2), 30 cm × 15 cm (S3), 40 cm × 15 cm (S4), 30 cm × 20 cm (S5), and 40 cm × 20 cm (S6)). The yield, chemical composition, and digestibility among parameters were studied. Sweet lupine varieties in Upper Gana Kebele gave the highest green forage yield (39.58 t/ha) and forage dry matter (4.84 t/ha) at 30 cm × 7 cm planting spacing, respectively. Seed yield (SYD) (t/ha) was highly affected ( P < 0.01 ) by location. The maximum seed (2.98 t/ha) yield was observed in Upper Gana Kebele with the minimum (2.15 t/ha) at Jewe Kebele. The forage in Jewe Kebele gave the highest organic matter (OM) (87.01%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (37.50%) content at a stage of 100% flowering. Sweet lupine forage in Upper Gana Kebele gave the highest crude protein (CP) content (23.11%) while the highest forage CP content was recorded at a planting space of 40 cm × 20 cm (23.67%). Sweet lupine forage gave the maximum in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) (69.10%) at a spacing of 40 cm × 20 cm in Upper Gana. The highest CP (29.11%) content and IVOMD (80.49%) of seed were recorded in Upper Gana Kebele. The overall result of this study suggested that green forage yield and forage dry matter yield are affected by location, planting spacing, and stage of flowering, whereas the chemical composition of sweet lupine forage was affected by location and variety interaction (dry matter and acid detergent fiber), location and stage of flowering interaction (OM, ADF and total ash), location (CP, metabolizable energy (ME), and IVOMD), planting spacing (CP and IVOMD), and stage of flowering (CP and ME). On the other hand, sweet lupine seed yield, seed CP, and IVOMD were affected by location. The large differences in yield and nutritive values observed among sweet lupine varieties, growth environment, planting spacing, and their interactions entail consideration of these factors for appropriate utilization of sweet lupine as a feed resource for livestock.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of massai grass fertilized with phosphorus and nitrogen and its influence on intake and weight gain of sheep under rotational grazing on quartzipsamment soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Thais Valéria Souza Silva ◽  
Luciano Fernandes Sousa ◽  
Antônio Clementino dos Santos ◽  
Ana Cristina Holanda Ferreira ◽  
Rebeca Rocha Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of phosphate and nitrogen fertilization on aspects of forage composition and ruminal fermentation were separately evaluated pre- and post-grazing, in addition to the dry matter intake and weight gain of sheep grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai under a rotational system on Quartzipsamment soil. The aim was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with different levels of phosphorous (50 and 200 kg P2O5/ha) and nitrogen (100 and 400 kg N/ha) compared to unfertilized control soil. The experiment was conducted at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a factorial 2 × 2 design. The study area consisted of 32 paddocks (301 m²), each of which had previously been sown with Panicum maximum cv. Massai. The experimental area was managed under intermittent stocking with a variable stocking rate. Twenty-eight crossbreed sheep were used for grazing management. Evaluations were made before and after grazing, including forage evaluation and measurement of ruminal degradability and intake (using titanium dioxide as the external marker). Regarding the forage composition, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the control and fertilizer treatments for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, crude protein, lignin and phosphorous content. Fertilization was found to alter the nutritional quality of Panicum maximum cv. Massai grass. Among the nutritional aspects evaluated, fertilization influenced NDF, grass digestibility and dry matter intake. The forage composition of Massai grass is improved by fertilization with nitrogen at 100 kg N/ha and phosphate up to 50 kg P2O5/ha, which represents a relevant management practice for increasing quantity and quality.

scholarly journals Classification of Megathyrsus Maximus Accessions Grown in the Colombian Dry Tropical Forest by Nutritional Assessment During Contrasting Seasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Isabel Carvajal-Tapia ◽  
Johanna Mazabel ◽  
Nelson Jose Vivas-Quila
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Nutritional Behavior ◽  
Animal Feeding

The diversity and use of tropical forages for cattle feeding are the protagonists in livestock systems. The production and nutritional quality of forages represent a strategy of continuous research in animal feeding to help mitigate the environmental impact generated by tropical livestock. The objective of this study was to classify the nutritional behavior in contrasting seasons and the relationship with agronomic traits of a collection of 129 CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical) accessions of Megathyrsus Maximus established in the Colombian dry tropics. By means of the near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technique, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined under rainy and dry seasons as fixed effects. We measured plant height, dry matter biomass (DMB) and flowering in field. Aspects such as plant height and DMB did not show correlation with nutritional aspects, whereas flowering was correlated with the content of structural carbohydrates. Despite genotype and precipitation affecting nutritional value, there is relative nutritional steadiness in NDF, ADF, and IVDMD between seasons for some accessions. According to the cluster analysis carried out for each season, it was evidenced that from the total collection, 51.2% of the accessions during the dry season and 19.4% of the accessions during the rainy season were classified with a better nutritional profile, thus, showing a higher number of materials with better nutritional behavior in the dry season. Both the genotypic characteristics of M. maximus and environmental conditions during contrasting seasons are factors that might influence the variability of the nutritional content, productive parameters, and flowering. Additionally, fodder material classification under Hotelling's T-squared test and Nutritional Classification Index suggests accessions that might be promising for resilient nutritional quality and adequate DMB, which proves that M. maximus could become an alternative for animal feeding and sustainable livestock production during critical dry periods in tropical agroecosystems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ten perennial forage grasses for biomass and nutritional quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
Mulisa Faji ◽  
Gezahagn Kebede ◽  
Fekede Feyissa ◽  
Kedir Mohammed ◽  
Muluneh Minta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens

A study was carried out to evaluate 10 perennial forage grass accessions from 4 species for herbage dry matter yield and nutritional quality at Holetta Agricultural Research Center. The evaluated grasses species and varieties were one Desho grass (Pennisetum) variety Kulumsa, four Urochloa decumbens (ILRI-14721, ILRI-14720, ILRI-13205 and ILRI-10871), three Urochloa ruziziensis (ILRI-14813, ILRI-14774 and ILRI-13332) and two Setaria sphacelata (ILRI-143 and ILRI-6543) accessions. Plant height and forage dry matter yield were significantly affected by accession over years, during the establishment and production phases. Combined analysis indicated that the tested accessions varied significantly for plant height with the Setaria accessions taller than the other tested species. Combined data analysis revealed that forage dry matter yield significantly varied according to species and Desho grass (variety Kulumsa) was higher in dry matter yield than the other grasses tested. Fiber contents (NDF, ADF and ADL) were significantly influenced by accession. Crude protein yield differed among the accessions and Desho grass had higher crude protein, followed by U. decumbens (accession ILRI-13205), U. decumbens (accession ILRI-14721) and S. sphacelata (accession ILRI-6543). Based on dry matter yield and crude protein U. decumbens (accession ILRI-13205), U. ruziziensis (accession ILRI-13332), S. sphacelata (accession 6543) and Desho grass (var. Kulumsa) are recommended as alternative forage grasses for the study area and similar agro-ecologies. 

scholarly journals Nutritional value of sugarcane varieties in relation to nitrogen fertilization for the pre-Amazon Region of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Mayanna Karlla Lima Costa ◽  
Francirose Shigaki ◽  
José Roberto Brito Freitas ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Heloisa Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Sugarcane Yield

This study evaluated the nutritional value of sugarcane varieties in relation to nitrogen fertilization. The varieties studied were RB 863129, RB 867515, and RB 92579, and nitrogen fertilizer was applied at doses of 0, 60, 80, 120, and 140 kg N ha-1. The experiment was divided into two stages: i) Year I - plant cane, when the yield and nutritional quality of the three sugarcane varieties were evaluated; ii) Years II and III, when and the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the nutritional quality of the first and second ratoon crops of the same varieties was evaluated. In plant cane the yield (t ha-1) and DM (dry matter) and CP (crude protein) contents were higher for the RB 863129 variety. There was no difference between the varieties regarding their NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and ADF (acid detergent fiber) contents and IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility). In the first and second ratoon crops, there was a difference between the varieties and fertilizer doses for the evaluated parameters, with the exception of the DM content and IVDMD, which were influenced by the varieties, doses of N, and cutting years. The RB 92579 variety showed the best yield of the two ratoon crops (131 t ha-1 of stems) and the best nutritional parameters (26% ADF, 41% NDF, 2.4% CP, and 69.4% IVDMD). The sugarcane yield and its nutritional quality can be influenced by the cutting year and nitrogen fertilization management system and by the variety type.

scholarly journals Critical Harvest Stage Improves Alfalfa Production Performance, Overwintering Rate and Economic Benefits under Drip Irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 601-608
Author(s):  
Xuanshuai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
The Impact

Alfalfa is an important legume forage with high nutritional quality. Harvest stage has an essential impact on alfalfa hay yield and nutritional quality. However, there is no clear indication about the effects of harvest time on the production performance, overwintering rate and economic benefits of alfalfa under drip irrigation. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of harvesting at bud stage (FB), 5% flowering stage (F5%), 15% flowering stage (F15%), and full bloom stage (F50%) on hay yield and quality, and economic benefits of two alfalfa cultivars i.e.,WL354HQ and Magnum551. Harvesting time had significant effect on hay yield of both cultivars (P ≤0.05) and the order of total dry matter yield (TDMY)was: F5%> F15%> F50%> FB. The alfalfa crude protein (CP)content of each cutting in alfalfa decreased gradually with the advance of the harvest stage, while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF)and acid detergent fiber (ADF)contents gradually increased. A comprehensive analysis of alfalfa dry matter yield(DMY), quality and overwintering rate was used to analyze the fuzzy similarity priority ratio, and the priority ranking was as follows: FB> F5%> F15%> F50%.Maximum economic benefits of both alfalfa cultivars were obtained atF5%harvest time, reaching 2703$ha-1 (WL354HQ) and 2585 $ha-1(Magnum551), followed by FB, F15%, and F50%. Therefore, in order to get more hay yield and economic returns, harvesting at 5% flowering stage of alfalfa seemed viable option under drip irrigation.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF FORAGE SORGHUM TO WATER AVAILABILITY IN A TYPIC QUARTZIPSAMMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1026
Author(s):  
ILDEU DE OLIVEIRA ANDRADE JÚNIOR ◽  
SILVÂNIO RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS ◽  
MARCOS KOITI KONDO ◽  
POLYANNA MARA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
VICENTE RIBEIRO ROCHA JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Forage Sorghum

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the factors of soil water availability (FSWA) that result in the highest agronomic performance of irrigated forage sorghum, with no changes in the plants' chemical-bromatological composition. The experiment was conducted at the Montes Claros State University, Janaúba campus, MG, Brazil, in a Typic Quartzipsamment (Neossolo Flúvico Psamítico - Embrapa) with 59 mm of soil water storage capacity in the 0.0-0.3 m layer, under drip irrigation. A randomized block design with four replications and a split-plot arrangement was used, consisting of five FSWA (f0.2 = 0.20; f0.35 = 0.35; f0.5 = 0.50; f0.65 = 0.65, and f0.8 = 0.80) in the plots and two simple forage sorghum hybrids (Volumax® and BRS-655) in the split-plots. The evaluations were based on fortnightly measurements of plant height, plant transversal diameter, number of leaves per plant, leaf area index, relative chlorophyll content, stem diameter, panicle length, dry matter yield, water use efficiency, crude protein, mineral matter, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and lignin. The FSWA of 0.20 and 0.35 increased dry matter yield and plant height of the two evaluated sorghum hybrids. The Volumax hybrid presented more crude protein content and acid detergent fiber. The evaluated FSWA did not change the chemical-bromatological composition of the sorghum hybrids.

Seed yield and components of alkaloid of meadow saffron (Colchicum autumnale) in natural grassland and under cultivation

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Poutaraud and P. Girardin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Colchicum Autumnale ◽  
Vegetative Multiplication ◽  
Natural Grassland

Alkaloids extracted from meadow saffron seeds are used in numerous medicines. To test the influence of cultivation and climatic conditions on the production and the quality of meadow saffron seeds, we studied seed alkaloid yield on a natural site (grassland) and in a cultivated crop over several years. Seeds contained in capsules harvested before their dehiscence were dried and ground. The alkaloids of the extracts (colchicoside, demethylcolchicine and colchicine) were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Seed alkaloid content was not influenced by year, inter-plant competition, or number of capsules per plant. Seed dry matter yield per plant, however, practically tripled in the cultivated crop due to an increase in the number of capsules per plant compared to the grassland. In the cultivated crop, 47% of fruiting plants produced two new plants (corms) every year. Four years after planting, this vegetative multiplication resulted in intraspecific competition, inducing a decline in seed yield per plant linked to a decrease in the weight of seeds per capsule. We were able to show that cultivated production of meadow saffron greatly increased dry matter and alkaloid yield per plant and per hectare, but that it could lead to the need to thin after several years. Key words: meadow saffron, alkaloids, colchicine, cultivation

scholarly journals Effect of sulphur on the seed yield and oil content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Swapan Kumar Paul ◽  
Mosa Morsheda Khatun ◽  
Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

Sulphur is a component of plant amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and enzyme structures which influence the productivity of oil seed and total oil content. The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of sulphur on the seed yield and oil content of sesame in Bangladesh. The experiment comprised three varieties of sesame viz. Binatil-2, Binatil-3 and BARI Til-4 and six levels of sulphur (S) viz. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg S ha–1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Dry matter production, crop characters, yield components, seed yield and oil content were significantly influenced by variety, level of sulphur and their interaction. The highest dry matter production plant–1 at 50 DAS (17.56 g), plant height (101.3 cm), number of branches plant–1 (3.66),  number of pods plant-1 (41.56), number of seeds pod-1 (58.83),  seed yield    (747.2 kg ha-1), stover yield (2243.0 kg ha–1) and oil content (40.03%) were obtained in BARI Til-4 while the corresponding lowest values of all parameters were recorded in Binatil-2. In case of sulphur application, the highest dry matter production plant–1 at 50 DAS (20.81 g), plant height (109.7 cm), number of branches plant–1 (3.87),  number of pods plant–1 (46.13),  number of seeds pod-1 (56.67),  seed yield (800.0 kg ha–1), stover yield (2787 kg ha–1 ) and oil content (43.97%) were obtained when crop was fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 while the lowest seed yield (502.2 kg ha–1), stover yield (1550.0 kg ha–1) and oil content (32.80%) were obtained in control (0 kg S ha–1). BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 produced the highest dry matter plant–1 at 50 DAS (24.80 g), number of pods plant–1 (51.13), seeds pod–1 (62.0) and seed yield (1011.0 kg ha–1). The highest oil content (43.97%) was also recorded in BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1, which was as good as that of BARI Til-4 fertilized with 40 kg S ha–1. Therefore, BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 can be considered as a promising practice in respect of seed yield and oil content of sesame in Bangladesh. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 33–38, March 2019

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