scholarly journals Enhancing the Prestige of the Investigator as a Key Task of the Highest State Authorities

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Yuri Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
High Workload ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Prestige

The author discusses the question of enforcing the procedural independence of investigators which, in the current situation, has practically ceased to exist. Using the results of a sociological survey and statistical data, the author shows that there is a considerable shortage of personnel in the investigatory departments of internal affairs’ bodies and the Investigatory Committee of the Russian Federation, which leads to a high workload for investigators of criminal cases. The author describes the procedure by which the prosecutor assigns the investigator inappropriate functions, like handing the accused a copy of the indictment or ensuring his/her appearance before the prosecutor to obtain a copy of the final decision (using the examples of investigative divisions of the Internal Affair’s Department for Primorsky Region). The author concludes that, in order to encourage experienced investigators to stay in their jobs, and to enhance their prestige and authority, it is necessary to consider increasing their salaries compared to other personnel of the Agency, which will eliminate the shortage of staff, and also to include in legislation the criminal law mechanisms of increasing the procedural independence of the investigator.

Theft and Fraud Committed Using Electronic Payment Systems (Regional Judicial and Investigative Practice)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
S. L. Morozov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Electronic Payments ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation

The advent of the electronic currency and the effecting of electronic payments has caused new forms of thefts and types of acquisitive crimes. The judicial investigative practice of criminal cases of embezzlement committed using bank cards and other types of electronic payments has encountered problems with the qualification of such acts. The author identifies the most common enforcement problemsand their causesby a retrospective study of judicial practice, the changing norms of the criminal law. At the same time, a ten-year period of work of the judicial investigating authorities was studied. On the basis of traditional general scientific methods of cognition, as a result of a system-legal analysis of the considered set of specific situations, the author gives an author's view of the complex of causes that cause a lack of uniformity in judicial investigative practice. Using the hermeneutic approach, the author paid special attention to the application by the courts of the interpretation of the criminal law by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in different years. In conclusion, ways of resolving contentious issues of qualification of thefts and fraud in the field of electronic means of payment are proposed. It has been ascertained that high-quality and uniform law enforcement can provide additional clarification on the delimitation of related and competing theft from the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that in general, the current concept of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation does not contain contradictions with the novels of the criminal law, but can be improved. The rationale and edition of possible additions to the relevant decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation are given.

scholarly journals Problems of proving guilt in criminal cases in connection with tax evasion

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
V. V. Dubrovin
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation

The establishment of an intentional form of guilt and its specific type is mandatory for the implementation of the provisions of Art. 8 of the Criminal Code. In criminal proceedings in connection with tax evasion, a direct intent should be established in the act of the accused, otherwise the provisions of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2006 No. 64 “On the practice of criminal law on liability for tax offenses”. One of the proofs of direct intent in the act of the accused may be the decision of the tax authority to prosecute for the tax offense, made according to the results of tax control measures (in-house or on-site tax audits). In the event that it establishes an imprudent form of the taxpayer’s guilt in committing a tax offense, in proving the guilt of the accused in the course of criminal proceedings there may be an intractable contradiction.

scholarly journals Binding Nature of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation Explanations in Criminal Law

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
I. A. Klepitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Nulla Poena Sine Lege ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law

The question of the legal nature and the binding nature of explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation remains debatable in the literature. When considering criminal cases, the courts do not always follow the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court. It seems that the explanations of the Supreme Court, while not being a source of criminal law, are nevertheless binding on courts and officials applying the norms of criminal law. This is a general rule, to which there are exceptions. First, there are erroneous explanations of the Supreme Court, which are not based on the established judicial practice and are not supported by it. Second, there are outdated explanations of the Supreme Court that do not meet modern legal realities. Third, there are explanations of the Supreme Court, which, in relation to a particular situation, require an expansive or restrictive interpretation. In these three situations, the Supreme Court’s explanations do not bind the law enforcement officer. The binding nature of the Supreme Court’s explanations is determined by the value of the law as such. Questions of law require a uniform resolution. An alternative to a uniform interpretation of the law is arbitrary administration. Arbitrary administration is not within the competence of the judge. There is no case law in Russia. The works of legal scholars in modern Russia also cannot satisfy the need for a uniform interpretation of the law. The significance of the explanations of the Supreme Court determines the high requirements for their quality. The Supreme Court’s explanations should not directly contradict the law. The Supreme Court’s explanations should not change unless there is an urgent need to do so. The rule nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege, being an achievement of legal culture, binds the Supreme Court. By clarifying the practice of applying the law, the Supreme Court forms and preserves judicial doctrine, thereby providing legal certainty.

scholarly journals Criminal law and penal aspects of the application of the suspension of sentence

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
N. G. Skobeleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Responsibility

The article comprehensively examined the problematic issues related to the suspension of criminal sentence, and also analyzes the practical difficulties of implementing the suspension of criminal sentence, provides a brief historical background on the development of the institution of suspension of criminal sentence in domestic criminal law. The author identifies not only positive, but also negative conditions that can change the content of the institution of suspension of criminal sentence. Based on a study of the statistical data of the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the appointment of a suspension of criminal sentence and its cancellation as well as the data of the Federal Penal Service of Russia on convicts registered in the penal inspections with a suspension of criminal sentence, it is proposed to classify the suspension of criminal sentence by the time of its application (at the stage of sentencing the court, with subsequent release from the actual serving of the sentence and at the stage of the execution of the court sentence), the issue of the application of suspension of criminal sentence to convicts who have adopted children or who have taken them under their guardianship. There is is substantiated expediency of considering convicts, to whom suspension of criminal sentence is applied, evading from raising a child, if they have been subjected to administrative responsibility for violation of public order two or more times a year.

The implication to crime as a subject of criminal law research

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Aleksander Shesler
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Federal State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Official Opponent ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Internal Affairs

At a meeting of the Council D 203.012.02 for the defense of dissertations for the degree of candidate of sciences, for the degree of doctor of sciences created on the basis of the Federal State Budget Institution for Higher Education “Saint-Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation”, on February 14, 2020, Dvorzhitskaya Marina Andreyevna defended her dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences on the topic "Responsibility for implication to crime in criminal law" in the specialty 12.00.08-criminal law and criminology; criminal executive law. The Dissertation Council, chaired by the chairman of the Dissertation Council D 203.012.02, Doctor of Law, Professor S. A. Denisov, decided that the dissertation of M. A. Dvorzhitskaya is a scientific qualification work, that is essential for the science of criminal law and complies with the requirements established by the Regulation on the awarding of scientific degrees. The Council decided to award M.A. Dvorzhitskaya the degree of candidate of legal sciences in the specialty 12.00.08. The article is a review of the dissertation of the official opponent, in which the structure and content of M. A. Dvorzhitskaya's dissertation are analyzed.

CRIMINAL AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF PHYSICAL FORCE AND SPECIAL MEANS ABUSEBY PENAL STAFF

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Динара Мансуровна Латыпова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Special Means ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Consequences

В статье рассматриваются вопросы квалификации действий сотрудников исправительных учреждений, применяющих физическую силу и специальные средства к осужденным в случаях, предусмотренных действующим законодательством. На основе анализа статистических данных, научной литературы проводится исследование квалификации действий сотрудника в рамках реализации своего права на необходимую оборону и причинение вреда при задержании осужденного, совершающего противоправные действия. Исследуются вопросы разграничения правомерных действий сотрудника пенитенциарного учреждения, применяющего физическую силу и специальные средства в случае нападения на него осужденного от превышения должностных полномочий. Анализируются положения уголовного законодательства, материалы судебной практики по исследуемой теме, указываются пробелы в регулировании вопросов квалификации в постановлениях Пленума Верховного суда РФ. Обосновывается необходимость закрепления нового обстоятельства, исключающего преступность деяния в случае действий сотрудника исправительного учреждения, применяющего физическую силу и специальные средства. Предлагается внесение изменений в уголовно-правовую норму о превышении должностных полномочий, а именно разграничение квалифицирующих и особо квалифицирующих признаков состава в зависимости от применения физической силы, специальных средств либо оружия. The article deals with the qualification of actions of penal officers using physical force and special means in relation to convicted persons in cases prescribed by current legislation. Based on the analysis of statistical data and scientific literature, a study is conducted concerning the qualifications of the penal officers’ actions in the framework of the exercise of their rights to the necessary defense and harm when detaining a convictcommitted unlawful acts. The issues of delimitation of lawful actions of a penal officer using physical force and special means in the case of an attack on him by a convict from exceeding official powersare considered. The provisions of the criminal law, judicial practice materials on the topic under study are analyzed, the gaps in the regulation of qualification issues are indicated in the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The need fora newfactcaptureexcluding criminality of an act in the case of actions on the part of a penal officer using physical force and special means is demonstrated. It is suggested to amend the criminal legal norm on exceeding official powers, namely the distinction between qualifying and especially qualifying features of the elements depending on the use of physical force, special means or weapons.

scholarly journals Initiation of Criminal Proceedings against a Particular Person as the Ground for Recognizing him as a Suspect (para 1, part 1, art. 46 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation)

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
I. V. Smolkova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper is devoted to the analysis of a new ground for recognition of a person as a suspect, introduced under the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, namely, the initiation of a criminal case against the person. The ground under consideration has caused controversial debates among criminal process scholars. The author has carried out a retrospective analysis of the legislative regulation of this ground for giving a person the status of the suspect. The paper evaluates various doctrinal approaches to its merits and disadvantages. The author also demonstartes the need for the new ground for recognition of a person as the suspect in law enforcement on the basis of statistical data, according to which more than half of criminal cases in Russia are initiated against a particular person. The study at question reveals an interconnection between initiation of proceedings upon commission of a crime and a particular person. The conclusion is substantiated that the recognition of a person as a suspect in case of initiation of criminal proceedings against him is aimed at ensuring his right to protection from criminal prosecution. However, the issuance of the order to initiate criminal proceedings against a particular person entails the possibility of implementation of coercive criminal procedural measures against him. It is shown that suspicion forms the substantive basis of recognition of a person as the suspect. The author criticises the approach according to which the issuance of the order to initiate criminal proceedings against a particular person forms an allegation that he has committed an act prohibited under the criminal law. Under this approach the assumption is made that can later be either proven or refuted in the course of further investigation. The author criticises the practice of dividing criminal cases into a judicial perspective and lacking such a perspective, which entails violations of the rights and legitimate interests of individuals suspected in committing crimes.

scholarly journals OCCUPATION OF THE HIGHEST POSITION IN A CRIMINAL HIERARCHY AS AN OBJECT OF CRIMINALISTIC RESEARCH

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Ishigeev ◽  
◽  
Iraida V. Smolkova ◽  
Anastasia V. Puzikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Subsequent Integration

The article analyzes the forensic features that affect the disclosure and investigation of criminal cases related to occupying the highest position in the criminal hierarchy (Art. 2101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The authors point out two important points in the investigation of criminal cases related to occupying a higher position in the criminal hierarchy. The first appearance of the new norms of the criminal law, like many others, stipulates the development for the investigation bodies of a certain method of investigation based on scientific knowledge. Second, to form the evidence base in a criminal case and, in general, to develop a methodology for investigating such cases, it is necessary to establish a key point related to the definition of the basic concept of “occupying a higher position in the criminal hierarchy” In this connection, it is of practical importance for this category of criminal cases to identify forensic characteristics and their subsequent integration with the knowledge of other sciences involved in determining the essence of the prohibition established by the criminal law.

scholarly journals Compensation for Damage Caused by a Crime in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Tien ◽  
Viktor Victorovich Pushkarev ◽  
Ekaterina Viktorovna Tokareva ◽  
Alexey Vasilyevich Makeev ◽  
Olga Rinatovna Shepeleva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Moral Damage ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Compensation For Damage

In criminal proceedings of Vietnam, in contrast to the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, it is advisable to separate physical, material and moral damage that may be caused by the crime or socially dangerous act prohibited by the criminal law, the rights and legitimate interests of natural or legal persons. The article is devoted to solving the problem of compensation for damage caused by a crime in pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases, based on the study of Russian and Vietnamese criminal procedure legislation, practice, and results of its application. The conclusions are subject to study and implementation in the law.Keywords: Compensation for harm; Investigation; Rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings Kompensasi untuk Kerusakan yang Disebabkan oleh Kejahatan di Republik Sosialis Vietnam dan Federasi Rusia Abstrak:Berbeda dengan Kode Acara Pidana Federasi Rusia, lebih baik dalam proses pidana Vietnam untuk memisahkan kerugian fisik, material, dan moral yang disebabkan oleh kejahatan atau tindakan berbahaya secara sosial yang dilarang oleh hukum pidana dari hak dan kepentingan sah orang atau badan hukum. Berdasarkan kajian undang-undang prosedur pidana Rusia dan Vietnam, praktik, dan hasil penerapannya, artikel ini dikhususkan untuk memecahkan masalah kompensasi atas kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh kejahatan dalam proses pra-persidangan dalam kasus pidana. Kesimpulan sedang dipelajari dan akan dimasukkan ke dalam undang-undang.Kata Kunci: Kompensasi untuk kerugian; Penyelidikan; Hak dan kepentingan sah peserta dalam proses pidana Возмещение вреда причиненного преступлением в социалистической республике Вьетнам и Российской Федерации АннотацияСтатья посвящена разрешению проблемы возмещения вреда, причиненного преступлением, в досудебном производстве по уголовным делам, на основе исследования российского и вьетнамского уголовно-процессуального законодательства, практики и результатов его применения. Выводы подлежат изучению и внедрению в законКлючевые Слова: возмещение вреда, расследование, права и законные интересы участников уголовного процесса, следователь, дознаватель

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY OF THE COUNTRY AND ITS REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
O.V. Boychenko ◽  
D.V. Ivanyuta
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Federal Policy ◽  
Information Security Policy ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Internal Affairs

The article, based on the statistical data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for January — December 2020, substantiates the need for research aimed at developing new approaches to ensuring the information security of the country and its regions and the formation of an appropriate information security policy. The main approaches in the field of modern specifics of ensuring information security of the country and its regions were analyzed, the main principles of ensuring information security of the country were studied in terms of carrying out subsequent events aimed at optimizing the directions of the regional information security policy, as well as clarifying and specifying the objectives of the federal policy in the field of ensuring regional information security.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document